Suchergebnisse

Public libraries are open organizations which are accessible to each and everyone. They are institutions of democratic culture, education and information. Public libraries provide basic conditions for individuals, public groups and all the community to have an unrestricted access to their premises, resources, knowledge and technologies as well as possibility of life long learning and individual quest in pursuit of personal achievements and self development. A public space as the public domain and its communication sector help to develop public opinion and raise awareness. A properly functioning public space is a prerequisite for a civic society and democracy, since the circulating information and discussions happening in this space help people to take relevant and justified decisions. A public space is in every dialogue or gathering when people discuss issues of public interest. The subject of the master's thesis "Public Library as a Public Space" is topical for every citizen who is concerned about the future of their society, its development, education, culture, traditions, and other matters related to a human being and its existence in the cultural and social context of the society. The object of the thesis is the public library as presented in the context of a public space. The aim of the paper is to examine the role of public libraries in terms of public space and analyse the situation and prospects of public libraries as a public space in Lithuania through the method of questionnairing. The thesis consists of an introduction, tree main parts, conclusions, bibliography, references and annexes. First part elaborates on the concept of public space, its interpretation in the context of public libraries as well as the current public attitude towards public libraries. Part two focuses on accessibility of the public library as public space. It is analysed from both social as well as physical point of view. Part tree dedicated to the description of the study of the problems related to the public library as public space and the analysis of the results as well as their interpretation supplemented by visuals. The public space theory is mentioned, criticized and development in numerous sources of literature in different context of social, philosophical, political, literary, and communicative and media theories.

Public libraries are open organizations which are accessible to each and everyone. They are institutions of democratic culture, education and information. Public libraries provide basic conditions for individuals, public groups and all the community to have an unrestricted access to their premises, resources, knowledge and technologies as well as possibility of life long learning and individual quest in pursuit of personal achievements and self development. A public space as the public domain and its communication sector help to develop public opinion and raise awareness. A properly functioning public space is a prerequisite for a civic society and democracy, since the circulating information and discussions happening in this space help people to take relevant and justified decisions. A public space is in every dialogue or gathering when people discuss issues of public interest. The subject of the master's thesis "Public Library as a Public Space" is topical for every citizen who is concerned about the future of their society, its development, education, culture, traditions, and other matters related to a human being and its existence in the cultural and social context of the society. The object of the thesis is the public library as presented in the context of a public space. The aim of the paper is to examine the role of public libraries in terms of public space and analyse the situation and prospects of public libraries as a public space in Lithuania through the method of questionnairing. The thesis consists of an introduction, tree main parts, conclusions, bibliography, references and annexes. First part elaborates on the concept of public space, its interpretation in the context of public libraries as well as the current public attitude towards public libraries. Part two focuses on accessibility of the public library as public space. It is analysed from both social as well as physical point of view. Part tree dedicated to the description of the study of the problems related to the public library as public space and the analysis of the results as well as their interpretation supplemented by visuals. The public space theory is mentioned, criticized and development in numerous sources of literature in different context of social, philosophical, political, literary, and communicative and media theories.

Public libraries are open organizations which are accessible to each and everyone. They are institutions of democratic culture, education and information. Public libraries provide basic conditions for individuals, public groups and all the community to have an unrestricted access to their premises, resources, knowledge and technologies as well as possibility of life long learning and individual quest in pursuit of personal achievements and self development. A public space as the public domain and its communication sector help to develop public opinion and raise awareness. A properly functioning public space is a prerequisite for a civic society and democracy, since the circulating information and discussions happening in this space help people to take relevant and justified decisions. A public space is in every dialogue or gathering when people discuss issues of public interest. The subject of the master's thesis "Public Library as a Public Space" is topical for every citizen who is concerned about the future of their society, its development, education, culture, traditions, and other matters related to a human being and its existence in the cultural and social context of the society. The object of the thesis is the public library as presented in the context of a public space. The aim of the paper is to examine the role of public libraries in terms of public space and analyse the situation and prospects of public libraries as a public space in Lithuania through the method of questionnairing. The thesis consists of an introduction, tree main parts, conclusions, bibliography, references and annexes. First part elaborates on the concept of public space, its interpretation in the context of public libraries as well as the current public attitude towards public libraries. Part two focuses on accessibility of the public library as public space. It is analysed from both social as well as physical point of view. Part tree dedicated to the description of the study of the problems related to the public library as public space and the analysis of the results as well as their interpretation supplemented by visuals. The public space theory is mentioned, criticized and development in numerous sources of literature in different context of social, philosophical, political, literary, and communicative and media theories.

Public libraries are open organizations which are accessible to each and everyone. They are institutions of democratic culture, education and information. Public libraries provide basic conditions for individuals, public groups and all the community to have an unrestricted access to their premises, resources, knowledge and technologies as well as possibility of life long learning and individual quest in pursuit of personal achievements and self development. A public space as the public domain and its communication sector help to develop public opinion and raise awareness. A properly functioning public space is a prerequisite for a civic society and democracy, since the circulating information and discussions happening in this space help people to take relevant and justified decisions. A public space is in every dialogue or gathering when people discuss issues of public interest. The subject of the master's thesis "Public Library as a Public Space" is topical for every citizen who is concerned about the future of their society, its development, education, culture, traditions, and other matters related to a human being and its existence in the cultural and social context of the society. The object of the thesis is the public library as presented in the context of a public space. The aim of the paper is to examine the role of public libraries in terms of public space and analyse the situation and prospects of public libraries as a public space in Lithuania through the method of questionnairing. The thesis consists of an introduction, tree main parts, conclusions, bibliography, references and annexes. First part elaborates on the concept of public space, its interpretation in the context of public libraries as well as the current public attitude towards public libraries. Part two focuses on accessibility of the public library as public space. It is analysed from both social as well as physical point of view. Part tree dedicated to the description of the study of the problems related to the public library as public space and the analysis of the results as well as their interpretation supplemented by visuals. The public space theory is mentioned, criticized and development in numerous sources of literature in different context of social, philosophical, political, literary, and communicative and media theories.

This article discusses a relevant topic in Lithuania's contract law – the conception of public contract and its development. Due to the analysis of various laws, doctrine and precedents, the article provides with coherent understanding about agreements for public purchase and utility services as well as their evolution in the Lithuanian law system. It is needful to stress that the debates on State involvement in the modern market and its participation in the economy and society are still up to date, due to it this article examines what is the proper degree of state intervention in commercial relationship and what type of legislation would be beneficial for both – supplier and consumer. The most important principle in contract law – freedom of contract, which is a cornerstone of wealth maximization, is also discussed in this article. Futhermore, with a purpose to reveal the state's attitude to the intersection of this principle and public interest, the examination of relationship between public interest and freedom of contract is presented. The article also examines the EU competition law policy and legislation in controlling the business with a dominant market power, as well as assuring the social welfare of other party and consumers. What is more, the clear comparison of Lithuania's and other countries' governmental regulation on public or administrative contracts is also provided here. Finally, the author puts forward some conclusions on key questions of public contracts and it usefulness for Lithuania's law system.

This article discusses a relevant topic in Lithuania's contract law – the conception of public contract and its development. Due to the analysis of various laws, doctrine and precedents, the article provides with coherent understanding about agreements for public purchase and utility services as well as their evolution in the Lithuanian law system. It is needful to stress that the debates on State involvement in the modern market and its participation in the economy and society are still up to date, due to it this article examines what is the proper degree of state intervention in commercial relationship and what type of legislation would be beneficial for both – supplier and consumer. The most important principle in contract law – freedom of contract, which is a cornerstone of wealth maximization, is also discussed in this article. Futhermore, with a purpose to reveal the state's attitude to the intersection of this principle and public interest, the examination of relationship between public interest and freedom of contract is presented. The article also examines the EU competition law policy and legislation in controlling the business with a dominant market power, as well as assuring the social welfare of other party and consumers. What is more, the clear comparison of Lithuania's and other countries' governmental regulation on public or administrative contracts is also provided here. Finally, the author puts forward some conclusions on key questions of public contracts and it usefulness for Lithuania's law system.

This article discusses a relevant topic in Lithuania's contract law – the conception of public contract and its development. Due to the analysis of various laws, doctrine and precedents, the article provides with coherent understanding about agreements for public purchase and utility services as well as their evolution in the Lithuanian law system. It is needful to stress that the debates on State involvement in the modern market and its participation in the economy and society are still up to date, due to it this article examines what is the proper degree of state intervention in commercial relationship and what type of legislation would be beneficial for both – supplier and consumer. The most important principle in contract law – freedom of contract, which is a cornerstone of wealth maximization, is also discussed in this article. Futhermore, with a purpose to reveal the state's attitude to the intersection of this principle and public interest, the examination of relationship between public interest and freedom of contract is presented. The article also examines the EU competition law policy and legislation in controlling the business with a dominant market power, as well as assuring the social welfare of other party and consumers. What is more, the clear comparison of Lithuania's and other countries' governmental regulation on public or administrative contracts is also provided here. Finally, the author puts forward some conclusions on key questions of public contracts and it usefulness for Lithuania's law system.

This article discusses a relevant topic in Lithuania's contract law – the conception of public contract and its development. Due to the analysis of various laws, doctrine and precedents, the article provides with coherent understanding about agreements for public purchase and utility services as well as their evolution in the Lithuanian law system. It is needful to stress that the debates on State involvement in the modern market and its participation in the economy and society are still up to date, due to it this article examines what is the proper degree of state intervention in commercial relationship and what type of legislation would be beneficial for both – supplier and consumer. The most important principle in contract law – freedom of contract, which is a cornerstone of wealth maximization, is also discussed in this article. Futhermore, with a purpose to reveal the state's attitude to the intersection of this principle and public interest, the examination of relationship between public interest and freedom of contract is presented. The article also examines the EU competition law policy and legislation in controlling the business with a dominant market power, as well as assuring the social welfare of other party and consumers. What is more, the clear comparison of Lithuania's and other countries' governmental regulation on public or administrative contracts is also provided here. Finally, the author puts forward some conclusions on key questions of public contracts and it usefulness for Lithuania's law system.

Public administration does not include provision of public services but only their administration, i.e. all that precedes the conclusion of a public service contract is regulated by administrative law and once the contract is concluded the legal relationships between the parties are regulated by civil law in Lithuania. It is one of the reasons why the institute of administrative contract is not widely recognized in Lithuania, although the Supreme Administrative Court has recognized this institute in several cases. The author also considers why provision of public services in Lithuania is not equated with administrative legal relations and not considered as public administration but as a matter of civil law. Thus, the author analysed the institute of public contract in Lithuania and has proved that these contracts are administrative. The latter statement is based on a series of arguments which prove that publicly offered contracts are not based on the usual principles of contract law (freedom of contract, equality of parties) and are intended to serve the public interest. The research is based on the case law of France, Germany and the Czech Republic which shows the notion of public administration in these countries and diversity of administrative contracts. Noteworthy, in contrast to Lithuania, in these states the institute of administrative contracts is regulated by the laws which regulate public administration (Germany, the Czech Republic) and other laws (France). The starting point of the article is a public interest report given in 1999 by the French State Council. Two concepts of public interest are crystalized in this report – utilitarian and voluntarist. It states that in a country where a separate system of administrative courts is established, public interest must be at the centre of politics, laws, administrative acts, decisions of administrative courts. Thus, in such a country, the functional concept of public administration shall not be unduly narrowed. The researcher seeks to find an answer which concept of public interest the political institutions of Lithuania follow, since there is a tendency to delegate regular state functions to the actors of private sector or to state bodies with a different legal status.

Public administration does not include provision of public services but only their administration, i.e. all that precedes the conclusion of a public service contract is regulated by administrative law and once the contract is concluded the legal relationships between the parties are regulated by civil law in Lithuania. It is one of the reasons why the institute of administrative contract is not widely recognized in Lithuania, although the Supreme Administrative Court has recognized this institute in several cases. The author also considers why provision of public services in Lithuania is not equated with administrative legal relations and not considered as public administration but as a matter of civil law. Thus, the author analysed the institute of public contract in Lithuania and has proved that these contracts are administrative. The latter statement is based on a series of arguments which prove that publicly offered contracts are not based on the usual principles of contract law (freedom of contract, equality of parties) and are intended to serve the public interest. The research is based on the case law of France, Germany and the Czech Republic which shows the notion of public administration in these countries and diversity of administrative contracts. Noteworthy, in contrast to Lithuania, in these states the institute of administrative contracts is regulated by the laws which regulate public administration (Germany, the Czech Republic) and other laws (France). The starting point of the article is a public interest report given in 1999 by the French State Council. Two concepts of public interest are crystalized in this report – utilitarian and voluntarist. It states that in a country where a separate system of administrative courts is established, public interest must be at the centre of politics, laws, administrative acts, decisions of administrative courts. Thus, in such a country, the functional concept of public administration shall not be unduly narrowed. The researcher seeks to find an answer which concept of public interest the political institutions of Lithuania follow, since there is a tendency to delegate regular state functions to the actors of private sector or to state bodies with a different legal status.

The free movement of persons is one of the most successful part of European Union project, which operates as very important factor promoting European integration process. Adoption of The Treaty on European Union and the creation of EU citizenship implemented significant changes: the status of European citizens, their rights to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States can no more be interpreted in the way as it was before the adoption of the Treaty on European Union. There are no requirements for EU citizens, placed in the Treaty, to pursue professional or independent activities or work under an employment contract in order to access provided rights. However the right of free movement is not unlimited. The administrations of Lithuanian government are authorized to impose restictions on free movement of citizens. In the light of these facts, the article examines exceptions in the field of free movement of persons and indentifies concepts of public order, public security and public health. Special attention is given to so called rule restricting the restrictions and to the mechanism of protection against expulsion out of the country. The article concludes, that the institutions of Lithuanian government have the right to evaluate the threats in the territory of the country and to decide on the content of public security by themselves. But their discretion can not be used as an instrument to treat the behaviour of other Member States citizens worse than the same behaviour of local citizens.

The free movement of persons is one of the most successful part of European Union project, which operates as very important factor promoting European integration process. Adoption of The Treaty on European Union and the creation of EU citizenship implemented significant changes: the status of European citizens, their rights to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States can no more be interpreted in the way as it was before the adoption of the Treaty on European Union. There are no requirements for EU citizens, placed in the Treaty, to pursue professional or independent activities or work under an employment contract in order to access provided rights. However the right of free movement is not unlimited. The administrations of Lithuanian government are authorized to impose restictions on free movement of citizens. In the light of these facts, the article examines exceptions in the field of free movement of persons and indentifies concepts of public order, public security and public health. Special attention is given to so called rule restricting the restrictions and to the mechanism of protection against expulsion out of the country. The article concludes, that the institutions of Lithuanian government have the right to evaluate the threats in the territory of the country and to decide on the content of public security by themselves. But their discretion can not be used as an instrument to treat the behaviour of other Member States citizens worse than the same behaviour of local citizens.

The free movement of persons is one of the most successful part of European Union project, which operates as very important factor promoting European integration process. Adoption of The Treaty on European Union and the creation of EU citizenship implemented significant changes: the status of European citizens, their rights to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States can no more be interpreted in the way as it was before the adoption of the Treaty on European Union. There are no requirements for EU citizens, placed in the Treaty, to pursue professional or independent activities or work under an employment contract in order to access provided rights. However the right of free movement is not unlimited. The administrations of Lithuanian government are authorized to impose restictions on free movement of citizens. In the light of these facts, the article examines exceptions in the field of free movement of persons and indentifies concepts of public order, public security and public health. Special attention is given to so called rule restricting the restrictions and to the mechanism of protection against expulsion out of the country. The article concludes, that the institutions of Lithuanian government have the right to evaluate the threats in the territory of the country and to decide on the content of public security by themselves. But their discretion can not be used as an instrument to treat the behaviour of other Member States citizens worse than the same behaviour of local citizens.

The free movement of persons is one of the most successful part of European Union project, which operates as very important factor promoting European integration process. Adoption of The Treaty on European Union and the creation of EU citizenship implemented significant changes: the status of European citizens, their rights to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States can no more be interpreted in the way as it was before the adoption of the Treaty on European Union. There are no requirements for EU citizens, placed in the Treaty, to pursue professional or independent activities or work under an employment contract in order to access provided rights. However the right of free movement is not unlimited. The administrations of Lithuanian government are authorized to impose restictions on free movement of citizens. In the light of these facts, the article examines exceptions in the field of free movement of persons and indentifies concepts of public order, public security and public health. Special attention is given to so called rule restricting the restrictions and to the mechanism of protection against expulsion out of the country. The article concludes, that the institutions of Lithuanian government have the right to evaluate the threats in the territory of the country and to decide on the content of public security by themselves. But their discretion can not be used as an instrument to treat the behaviour of other Member States citizens worse than the same behaviour of local citizens.

The article presents the findings obtained through the quantitative survey of citizen participation in public administration that was conducted during the March-April 2008. The object of research is citizen participation in public administration. The aim of research is to evaluate a perception of citizen participation in municipal government of Lithuania. The research questions that drive this study are: what is the impact of citizen participation initiatives to the activity of municipalities?; what is the relation between citizen participation and decision-making process in municipalities?; what are the reasons and areas why citizens can not participate in public administration?