Suchergebnisse

"Book Abstract: The sociology of the Middle East has been an expanding field of inquiry since the aftermath of WWII when phenomena as diverse as urbanization, internal and international migration, and peasant societies attracted the attention of scholars working on the region. The Middle East became central in key sociological debates on modernization theory and the critical responses. The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of the Middle East connects this historical trajectory with the emergence of the sociology of Islam, inspired by Max Weber. It explores how within the global community, the Middle East has become a terrain of heightened concern within the post-Cold War context, where the promising rise of civic (and often religiously-inspired) sociopolitical movements in the 1980s and 1990s has been slowly overwhelmed by the affirmation of jihadist networks, authoritarian states, and complex supranational security apparatuses. This foundational volume starts by engaging in a critical examination of the field itself, starting with a historical sociology of the making of the idea itself of the Middle East and linking it with the legacy of colonialism and the evolving dynamics of global power. In repurposing the sociology of the Middle East within a growing interdisciplinary multifield, the Handbook develops the critical argument that the exploration of social dynamics in the Middle East cannot be disjoined from the analysis of culture and politics. By connecting the vexed state-society relations in the region with movements of transformation and the affirmation of rights and creativity in the public arenas, it provides a comprehensive perspective to investigate longstanding regional and new transregional and global dynamics and their impact on the life of people in the region. Keywords: sociology of the Middle East, sociology of Islam, Max Weber, historical sociology, Middle East and North Africa region, MENA"--

The Making of Colonial Brazil, 1500-1694 -- A New Colonial Order, 1695-1821 -- Independent Brazil and the Consolidation of a Nation, 1822-1850 -- Late Imperial Brazil, 1851-1889 -- Republican Brazil, 1889-1929 -- Getúlio Vargas in Power, 1930-45 -- Experiments in Democracy, 1946-64 -- Rule of the Military, 1964-1985 -- The Return to Democracy, 1985-1994 -- Consolidating Democracy, 1994-2006 -- A Nation Polarized, 2006-present

"Thirty lashes, well laid on" -- "Dem was hard times, Sho' Nuff" -- "Beings Of an inferior order" -- "Fighting for white supremacy" -- "The foul odors of blacks" -- "Negroes plan to kill all whites" -- "Intimate contact with negro men" -- "I thanked got right there and then" -- "War against the constitution" -- "Two cities : one white, the other black" -- "All blacks are angry" -- "The basic minimal skills" -- Epilogue : "rooting out systemic racism".

"The definitive account of one of the most desperately heroic missions launched during World War Two. In March 1942, at perhaps the darkest moment of World War Two for the Allies, Britain launched a nearly suicidal raid on the Nazi-occupied French port of St. Nazaire, which the German Navy was using as a dry dock for ship repairs (the Tirpitz, the sister ship of the Bismarck, was scheduled for repairs there). Destroying it would hinder the U-boat campaign and force German ships to return hundreds of miles to home ports. The plan was for British commandos to attack the port and simultaneously to use an explosives-laden, American-built ship dating from World War One, the Campbelltown, as a gigantic torpedo, launching it into the docks. The first element of Operation Chariot went disastrously. The second proved spectacularly successful. The detonation of the Campbellown put the St. Nazaire dry dock out of commission for the war's duration. To be published on the 80th anniversary, Giles Whittell's book will offer the definitive account of the raid, which was undertaken by Royal Navy and British commandos, most of whom were killed or captured. The Greatest Raid provides a gripping and authoritative narrative of one of the most daring military operations ever undertaken."--

"Chapter 1 opens up with some conceptual clarification and a provisional taxonomy of types of scientific testimony. Notably, this includes the distinction between intra-scientific testimony, which takes place between collaborating scientists, and public scientific testimony, which is directed at laypersons and comes in two varieties: Scientific expert testimony and Science reporting, in contrast , is public scientific testimony by testifiers, such as journalists, who often lack scientific expertise. Given this initial clarification, Chapter1 considers how scientific testimony is related to prominent themes in philosophy of science. These include scientific expertise, scientific collaboration, and the division of cognitive labor. In discussing these themes, Gerken articulates conceptual and empirical arguments that scientific collaboration contributes immensely to the epistemic force of science and that intra-scientific testimony is a vital part of such collaboration"--

An insightful and probing exploration of the contradiction between humans'enormous capacity for hatred and their evolutionary development as a social species Why We Hate tackles a pressing issue of both longstanding interest and fresh relevance: why a social species like Homo sapiens should nevertheless be so hateful to itself. We go to war and are prejudiced against our fellow human beings. We discriminate on the basis of nationality, class, race, sexual orientation, religion, and gender. Why are humans at once so social and so hateful to each other? In this book, prominent philosopher Michael Ruse looks at scientific understandings of human hatred, particularly Darwinian evolutionary theory. He finds the secret to this paradox in our tribal evolutionary past, when we moved ten thousand years ago from being hunter-gatherers to agriculturalists--a shift that paved the way for modern civilization. Simply put, as Ruse paraphrases,'our modern skulls house Stone Age minds.'Combining rigorous argument with an engaging and accessible style, Ruse makes frequent use of historical examples, examining the history of two World Wars, and the U.S. offensive against Iraq. He also gives many pertinent and up-to-date examples of prejudice, including the significance of Brexit and the systemic racism that lead to the Black Lives Matter movement. Ruse pays special attention to egregious cases of hatred, such as the treatment of Jews by the Third Reich, and to pressing contemporary issues, including the status of women. Ruse concludes with constructive suggestions for ways in which we might reconcile the contradictory aspects of our nature. Why We Hate will be of interest and value to a wide range of readers interested in the role of human nature in current events, as well as to readers interested in philosophy, the life sciences, social sciences (especially anthropology and archaeology), and beyond

Preface --Timeline of Important Events -- Studying Jewish Resistance -- Understanding Resistance: Theoretical Underpinnings -- Fighting for Honor in the Warsaw Ghetto -- Competing Visions in the Vilna Ghetto -- Hope and Hunger in the Łódź Ghetto -- Resistance: Past, Present, and Future -- Appendix: Data Sources.

"Each of the American states has its own constitution, which operates in conjunction with the more familiar U.S. Constitution. The state constitutions are the highest form of law within a state, but they are subject to displacement when they come into conflict with the Federal Consti-tution, federal statutes, or even other lesser forms of federal law. For example, even though New Jersey's constitutional provision on recall of government officials purports to include federal leg-islators, it was declared unconstitutional as violating the Federal Constitution's provisions on that subject. Each state has its own constitutional history, which is outlined at the beginning of each volume in this series. State constitutional history can contribute generally to an understanding of a particular state's current constitution, as well as specifically to its judicial interpretation"--