Suchergebnisse

"April 1990." ; "GAO/NSIAD-90-I38." ; Cover title. ; At head of title: United States General Accounting Office, report to the Commander, U.S. Air Force, Ogden Air Logistics Center. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The article examines the features of the legal status of pharmaceutical workers and determines the place of pharmaceutical activity in the field of health care. Pharmaceutical workers are considered as a separate category of health workers, along with medical workers and workers working in the field of rehabilitation. The qualification requirements to pharmaceutical workers fixed by the legislation depending on the sphere and type of pharmaceutical activity are determined. Pharmaceutical workers include professionals and specialists who work on the basis of an employment contract in the field of production, wholesale (retail) and import of medicines and meet the licensing and other regulatory requirements governing the organization and operation of pharmaceutical activities. Some licensing conditions for the implementation of various types of pharmaceutical activities and the relationship of their standards with other regulations are investigated. The need to improve the current legislation in the field of regulation of pharmaceutical relations and the development of effective legal mechanisms to ensure effective control over such activities is pointed out. It is necessary to adopt a special law on pharmaceutical activities; legislative definition of pharmaceutical activity with its main features; legislative definition of all main types of pharmaceutical activity, conditions of its implementation and subjects; detailed regulation of the legal and labor status of pharmaceutical workers. Particular attention and control should be paid to determining the qualifications of pharmaceutical workers, supporting their continuing professional education and establishing quality control over the quality of their work.

Introduction: For some years practitioners have observed a tendency that local government authorities advertising vacant professional positions in public libraries do not specify an educational background from library and information science as a mandatory qualification for applicants. Are the observers correct? This study aims at answering this question by analysing advertisements for vacant positions. Method: All advertised vacant positions registered at the Norwegian Labour and Welfare organisation in the years 2005, 2010 and 2015 satisfying a definition of having a professional responsibility were coded and analysed in order to see if the demand for professional education has changed over time. Analysis: A consecutive cross-sectional study was undertaken using quantitative content analysis. Results: The research confirmed that a development has taken place with a reduced weight on library education and an increased weight on personal and interpersonal traits between 2005 and 2015. There are differences between local government authorities according to size. The tendency not to ask for library education is strongest with the very small authorities and a few very large cities. Conclusions: Further research with longer time series as well as comparative research is needed to get a fuller understanding of the development. ; publishedVersion

Qualification requirements for foreign suppliers in Public Procurement (PP) are quite different in each European Union (EU) member state. The most complex requirements for foreign suppliers in the context of public purchases are included in the Czech PP law. The aim of this paper is to make an overview of the problem of qualification requirements for foreign suppliers in the PP law of the CR. Its sub-objectives are the identification and explanation of solutions to the problem in the PP legislation of neighboring countries of the CR that are also members of the EU. The methodological part of the contribution is based mainly on the analysis and critical evaluation of the current state of legal issues relating to the proof of qualification of foreign suppliers in PP orders of the CR; with examples of fairly extensive decision-making practices of the Office for the Protection of Competition and law courts, including the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice. The paper highlights the unnecessary complexity of qualification requirements that, on purely formal grounds, inhibits submissions of tenders from potential foreign suppliers that would otherwise be able to submit a bid for a public contract without any problems whatsoever. The authors are using and applying a comparative-legal method in the context of the comparison of the PP legislation of neighboring countries of the CR that are also members of the EU. The case study of foreign suppliers bidding for above-threshold public tenders in the CR at the minimum legal requirements of the contracting authority (CA) for proof of qualification, the comparation study with selected EU countries or analysis of the development of the proportion of public contracts awarded to foreign suppliers in 2010-2014 shows that there is legislation uncertainty in EU PP law that should be reduced and simplified on an EC basis.

Bitcoin and other virtual currencies have created new opportunities for individuals to invest in a rapidly appreciating new asset class, but the Internal Revenue Code has been unable to keep pace with this new technology. Because the Code does not suitably define what a virtual currency is in the contexts of Regulated Investment Companies (RICs) or Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), the concepts of "good" income and "good" assets in I.R.C. §§ 851 (RICs) and 856 (REITs) are inapplicable to virtual currency. Under the current regime, a RIC or a REIT may not be able to invest directly in virtual currency without compromising the investment entity's qualification as a tax-favorable pass-through entity. The legislative purposes behind Sections 851 and 856 suggest that digital currency possesses the characteristics of "good" income and "good" assets. Accordingly, RICs and REITs should be able to invest in this potentially lucrative new technology without risking disqualification as a tax-favored entity because virtual currency could constitute a "security" for the purposes of Sections 851 and 856. Yet the Code's RIC and REIT rules require that any qualifying security be registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Virtual currency is not yet regulated under the 1940 Act, and thus cannot qualify as a security for the purposes of the RIC and REIT "good" income and "good" asset tests. The inability of the Code and the '40 Act to adapt to new technology makes virtual currency a nonviable investment for RICs and REITs, but even more so, renders the unyielding nexus between the '40 Act and Code Sections 851 and 856 nonsensical. The I.R.C. must somehow provide for the possibility of RIC or REIT investment in a non1940 Act security, while avoiding the significant non-tax consequences attendant with a sweeping classification of all virtual currency as securities. The Investment Company Act of 1940 should supplement—not comprise—the tax rules that define the kinds of income and assets that allow an entity to qualify as a RIC or a REIT.

The article examines the features of the legal status of specialists in the field of rehabilitation and determines the place of rehabilitation services within the scope of health care. Rehabilitation professionals are seen as a separate category of health professionals who, on the one hand, provide care that differs in content from medical care, but on the other hand is in many cases inseparable from medical care and is provided by rehabilitation professionals along with the medical staff. The qualification requirements to rehabilitation specialists established by the legislation are determined depending on the sphere and type of rehabilitation activity. Rehabilitation workers include professionals and specialists who work on the basis of an employment contract in the field of medical and social rehabilitation, which are: doctors of physical and rehabilitation medicine, physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech and language therapists, prosthetic and orthotic specialists, psychologists, psychotherapists, physical rehabilitation nurses, assistants to physical therapists and occupational therapists. Health care reform has led to the formation of a new system of rehabilitation services, the introduction of new approaches to rehabilitation care, improving skills and other requirements for rehabilitation professionals, which should improve the quality of such care and improve the situation in health care and social protection. The procedure for providing different types of rehabilitation care, mechanisms of interaction between specialists of different specializations and specialties, responsibility for the results of the multidisciplinary rehabilitation team, detailing the conditions for providing rehabilitation care at different levels of health care and to different categories of citizens need further study. Keywords: rehabilitation services, rehabilitation assistance, specialists in the field of rehabilitation, qualification characteristics, professional activity in the field of rehabilitation

The article analyzed the main approaches to the concept of "professional-qualification requirements for a public servant" by systematized approaches to professional qualification requirements. The proposed systematization of the specified requirements, in particular, the following blocks are allocated: requirements to the person; communication qualities; professional qualities; social qualities; ethical qualities. The analysis of literature on the issues gave grounds to determine that the professional qualification requirements of a public servant are a set of qualities, knowledge, skills, skills directly related to the process of performing a public service (performed in the performance of their official duties) and affect the effectiveness and performance of activity. The normative-legal documents on the issues of formation of professional qualification requirements for public servants are analyzed. It is emphasized that there are only typical requirements for civil servants of the categories "A", "Б", "B" and there are no such requirements for officials of local self-government. It is grounded that the main qualities for the category "B", that is, the performers, are the understanding of the mission of the state body, where it operates, the ability to perform qualitatively the tasks assigned to it by the direct leader, to understand the importance of this work, the focus on the result, the ability to work with people, understanding the needs of the population in services, the ability to find contact with the population, etc. It is determined that one of the basic factors of development of personnel of the public administration system is the definition and strict regulation of the professional qualification requirements of specialists. Since such requirements outline the mechanisms of personnel development, focus on the formation of professionally significant qualities for a public servant, they provide an opportunity to see the "way" of forming a qualitative staff of public administration. It is noted that there are such approaches to distinguishing requirements for public administration personnel: firstly, a competent approach — when a set of competencies is determined, which should be characteristic of the employee in a certain position. Secondly, the set of qualities of the employee (listed qualities of the employee, which should be inherent in a specialist). Thirdly, the list of specialist's powers in the system of public administration.

The article presents an analysis of the legal status and control over the activities of mediators in France. In the country pay close attention on regulating the activities of mediators and associations offering services for the mediation procedure. In order to ensure the proper functioning of conciliators and mediation organizations, control bodies have been established to monitor compliance with the fundamental requirements governing the work of mediators.
In order to develop and improve the mediation procedure in the Russian Federation as the most effective way of alternative dispute resolution, the article analyzes on the France Republic regulations, as well as the qualification requirements of specialized organizations for mediators to be included in the list of conciliators at the appellate courts of France.
In the second part of the study, the issue of requirements for mediators is discussed on the example of the work of the Commission for the control of mediators in the field of consumption (Commission d'évaluation et de contrôle de la médiation de la consommation).
As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that, unlike the Russian legislation regulating mediation issues, the activities, duties, and responsibilities of mediators in France are strictly regulated. Of no small importance is a clear sectoral division of mediators. This practice allows us to conclude that the conditions for the high efficiency of the work of mediators in the republic are created, since each specialist, in addition to having a special professional education, including legal education, is an expert in the area in which disputes arise. Such an organization of the work of conciliators seems to be highly justified, since the persons who have applied for the help of mediators have confidence that the dispute will be resolved with the help of a certified specialist, and not a person who has taken a basic course on the basics of mediation.

Der Beitrag beschreibt eine Studie, in der im Auftrag des Bundesforschungsministeriums der Wandel der Qualifikationsanforderungen durch die Mikroelektronik sowie betriebliche Qualifizierungsstrategien untersucht werden. Im Rahmen dieses Projekts werden eine repräsentative Betriebsbefragung zum Thema 'Mikroelektronik in Produkten' (Breitenerhebung), Fallanalysen konkreter Umstellungsfälle sowie Modellstudien zur Entwicklung einer betrieblichen Qualifizierungsstrategie durchgeführt. Neben einer Beschreibung der verschiedenen Phasen der Untersuchung werden erste Ergebnisse der Breitenerhebung vorgestellt. (KO)

The theory of military translation as a special branch of translation studies does not have the stated requirements and proper definition for the military interpreter's qualification. By analysing national laws and official government documents (national framework of qualifications, higher education standards, occupational classification, and qualification characteristics of professions), the author summarizes qualification requirements for the military interpreter. The military interpreter's professional qualification is a standardized set of competences, recognized by the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and certified by a diploma of complete higher education that allow him/her to perform linguistic support for forces. These competences are acquired to solve complex problems and tasks in the field of military management, linguistics and translation. The military interpreter's professional qualification also contains information on the level of higher education, specialty, specialization and education program. The educational qualification of the military interpreter certifies the successful two-phase study at the first (Bachelor) and second (Master's) levels of higher education in philology and military management. It is described in terms of learning outcomes and further specified in terms of professional competencies. ; Статья посвящена анализу квалификационных требований к военному переводчику на основании нормативно-правовых документов общегосударственного уровня – законов, национальной рамки квалификаций, классификатора профессий, квалификационных характеристик профессий, а также определению понятия «квалификация военного переводчика», являющегося одной из базовых единиц категориального аппарата теории военного перевода. ; Стаття присвячена аналізу кваліфікаційних вимог до військового перекладача на підставі нормативно-правових документів загальнодержавного рівня – законів, національної рамки кваліфікацій, класифікатора професій, кваліфікаційних характеристик професій, а також визначенню поняття «кваліфікація військового перекладача», що входить до базових одиниць категоріального апарата теорії військового перекладу.

The theory of military translation as a special branch of translation studies does not have the stated requirements and proper definition for the military interpreter's qualification. By analysing national laws and official government documents (national framework of qualifications, higher education standards, occupational classification, and qualification characteristics of professions), the author summarizes qualification requirements for the military interpreter. The military interpreter's professional qualification is a standardized set of competences, recognized by the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and certified by a diploma of complete higher education that allow him/her to perform linguistic support for forces. These competences are acquired to solve complex problems and tasks in the field of military management, linguistics and translation. The military interpreter's professional qualification also contains information on the level of higher education, specialty, specialization and education program. The educational qualification of the military interpreter certifies the successful two-phase study at the first (Bachelor) and second (Master's) levels of higher education in philology and military management. It is described in terms of learning outcomes and further specified in terms of professional competencies. ; Статья посвящена анализу квалификационных требований к военному переводчику на основании нормативно-правовых документов общегосударственного уровня – законов, национальной рамки квалификаций, классификатора профессий, квалификационных характеристик профессий, а также определению понятия «квалификация военного переводчика», являющегося одной из базовых единиц категориального аппарата теории военного перевода. ; Стаття присвячена аналізу кваліфікаційних вимог до військового перекладача на підставі нормативно-правових документів загальнодержавного рівня – законів, національної рамки кваліфікацій, класифікатора професій, кваліфікаційних характеристик професій, а також визначенню поняття «кваліфікація військового перекладача», що входить до базових одиниць категоріального апарата теорії військового перекладу.