Suchergebnisse

Qualitative Methoden sind in der empirischen Forschungspraxis in praktisch allen geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen von grosser Bedeutung. Sie werden in vielen Anwendungsgebieten eingesetzt und leisten wichtige wissenschaftliche Beiträge. Das Interesse der Studentinnen und Studenten sowie Forscherinnen und Forscher an einer breiten Ausbildung in qualitativen Verfahren ist daher gross. An den meisten Universitäten sind diese Methoden jedoch noch ungenügend etabliert, und sowohl Anbieter als auch Kunden von Forschungsdiensten schrecken oft aufgrund zweifelhafter Annahmen, die aus Vorurteilen oder falschen Informationen resultieren, vor deren Einsatz zurück. Dies dürfte auch damit zusammenzuhängen, dass Vertreter und Anhänger von qualitativen Forschungsmethoden es in der Vergangenheit eher vermieden haben, eine «scientific community» zu bilden und sich bezüglich Theorie und Anwendung qualitativer Methoden untereinander zu koordinieren. So ist weder die systematische Struktur noch die Lehre dieser Methoden definiert, und es besteht kein Konsens über Qualitätsstandards für diese Forschungsverfahren. Daher hinkt die Entwicklung und differenzierte Anwendung qualitativer Forschungsmethoden in der Schweiz hinter dem Stand von Theorienbildung und Anwendung in den angelsächsischen Ländern und Deutschland hinterher. Aus diesen Gründen lancierte der Wissenschaftspolitische Rat der Sozialwissenschaften eine Initiative, um die qualitative Sozialforschung in der Schweiz zu fördern und zu stärken. Mehrere Treffen wurden organisiert, an denen Vertreter verschiedener Disziplinen und Fachgebiete versuchten, einen Konsens zu den Mindestanforderungen an die Lehre von qualitativen Methoden an Universitäten und einen Konsens zu Qualitätsstandards in der qualitativen Forschung zu finden. Das Manifest ist das Ergebnis dieses Prozesses. Es enthält Angaben über Qualitätsstandards für die meisten qualitativ ausgerichteten Forschungsverfahren und beinhaltet auch Vorschläge für die systematische Aufnahme von qualitativen ...

Can we devise mechanisms that allow voters to express the intensity of their preferences when monetary transfers are forbidden? Would we then be able to take account of how much voters wish the approval or dismissal of any particular issue? In such cases, would some minorities be able to decide over those issues they feel very strongly about? As opposed to the classical voting system (one person - one decision - one vote), we propose a new voting system where each agent is endowed with a fixed number of votes that can be distributed freely between a predetermined number of issues that must be approved or dismissed. Its novelty relies on allowing voters to express the intensity of their preferences in a simple manner. This voting system is optimal in a well-defined sense: in a setting with two voters, two issues and preference intensities uniformly and independently distributed across possible values, Qualitative Voting Pareto dominates Majority Rule and, moreover, achieves the only ex-ante optimal (incentive compatible) allocation. The result also holds true with three voters as long as the voters preferences towards the issue differ sufficiently.

Can we devise mechanisms that allow voters to express the intensity of their preferences when monetary transfers are forbidden? Would be then be able to take into account how much voters wish the approval or dismissal of any particular issue? In such case, would some minorities be able to decide over those issues they feel very strongly about? As opposed to the classical voting system (one person - one decision - one vote), we propose a new voting system where each agent is endowed with a …xed number of votes that can be distributed freely between a predetermined number of issues that must be approved or dismissed. Its novelty relies on allowing voters to express the intensity of their preferences in a simple manner. This voting system is optimal in a well-de…ned sense: in a setting with two voters, two issues and preference intensities uniformly and independently distributed across possible values, Qualitative Voting Pareto dominates Majority Rule and, moreover, achieves the only ex-ante optimal (incentive compatible) allocation. The result also holds true with three voters as long as the voters preferences towards the issues differ sufficiently.

Over the past few years, the number of political science departments offering qualitative methods courses has grown substantially. The number of qualitative methods textbooks has kept pace, providing instructors with an overwhelming array of choices. But how to decide which text to choose from this exhortatory smorgasbord? The scholarship desperately needs evaluated. Yet the task is not entirely straightforward: qualitative methods textbooks reflect the diversity inherent in qualitative methods itself. Consequently, evaluating qualitative methods textbooks consists more of weighing competing strengths than identifying weaknesses. I undertake just such an evaluation in the following survey, which should be useful both to teachers of qualitative methods and to researchers keen to brush up on specific techniques.

Aus psychologiegeschichtlicher Perspektive wird erörtert, ob und inwieweit qualitative Forschung als in der Geschichte der Sozialwissenschaften stets oppositionelle Richtung an sich kritisch ist. Die Biographien der qualitativ arbeitenden Berliner Gestaltpsychologen und die von Jean Piaget geben im Unterschied zu derjenigen Holzkamps kaum Hinweise auf politisch linke Haltungen. Qualitative Forschung kann nicht deswegen kritisch sein, weil derjenige, der qualitativ arbeitet, selbst kritisch ist. Das kritische Potential qualitativer Forschung wird deutlich, wenn man zwei Formen der Kritik unterscheidet. In ihrer exogenen Form meint Kritik Beurteilung oder Messung. An den Forschungsgegenstand wird dabei ein ihm äußerlicher Maßstab herangetragen. Bei der Beurteilung ist dieser ideell im Beurteilenden vorhanden, bei der Messung dagegen als Messinstrument externalisiert und damit intersubjektiv zugänglich. Demgegenüber kann man eine immanente Form der Kritik unterscheiden, bei der der Forschungsprozess, als Auseinandersetzung des Forschers mit seinem Forschungsgegenstand, in sich kritisch ist. Der zweite Kritikbegriff deckt sich mit demjenigen Piagets, und er hat ihn zur Konzipierung der "Kritischen Methode" in seinem Spätwerk bewegt. ; peerReviewed ; publishedVersion

This article discusses active qualitative evaluation and modern sociotechnical design as parts of an approach for the evaluation of organizational change. 'Intervention in interactions' is the most important similarity between these parts when considering the evaluation of organizational change. The two parts are discussed in terms of their theoretical core elements, practical consequences for research and dilemmas. Because, in practice, intervening in a changing organization is always accompanied by some important paradoxes, the different parts of the approach are presented as supplementary in practical evaluation of organizational change. The leitmotif on the basis of the case of the Royal Netherlands Military Academy here is that a paradoxical situation such as intervening in a changing organization needs a paradoxical intervention strategy.

Wissenschaftliche Überprüfung der Studie ; Dieses Arbeitspapier ist Teil der Online-Publikation von Katharina Fendius und Josefine Otte "Vor, während und nach dem Besuch. Visitor Journeys in den Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin. Eine sozialwissenschaftliche Untersuchung im Teilprojekt Visitor Journeys neu gedacht im Verbundprojekt museum4punkt0", entstanden im Verbundprojekt museum4punkt0 – Digitale Strategien für das Museum der Zukunft, Teilprojekt "Visitor Journeys neu gedacht – digitale Erweiterung des Museumsbesuchs". Weitere Informationen: www.museum4punkt0.de. Das Projekt museum4punkt0 wird gefördert durch die Beauftragte der Bundesregierung für Kultur und Medien aufgrund eines Beschlusses des Deutschen Bundestages. This working paper is part of the online-publication "Vor, während und nach dem Besuch. Visitor Journeys in den Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin. Eine sozialwissenschaftliche Untersuchung im Teilprojekt Visitor Journeys neu gedacht im Verbundprojekt museum4punkt0" by Katharina Fendius and Josefine Otte within the project museum4punkt0 – Digital Strategies for the Museum of the Future, sub-project "Visitor Journeys neu gedacht – digitale Erweiterung des Museumsbesuchs". Further information: www.museum4punkt0.de/en/. The project museum4punkt0 is funded by the Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media in accordance with a resolution issued by the German Bundestag (Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany).

Over the past years, there has been an increase in the use of qualitative methods in health services research, including pharmacy research. Pharmacy practice researchers can use these methods to understand, explain, discover, and explore both patients&rsquo ; and health care practitioners&rsquo ; thoughts, perceptions, and feelings. Qualitative research can also be used for the &ldquo ; democratisation&rdquo ; of research methods through research that is inclusive, collaborative, and involves partnerships and co-production. There is a wide spectrum of qualitative research methods that might be used in pharmacy research. This Special Issue showcases five articles in different settings and countries with diverse participants that seek to develop, explore, describe, and identify. These articles provide further insights into important pharmacy questions with the ultimate goal of helping improve health and well-being.

Edited by Maggi Savin-Baden and Claire Howell Major, New Approaches to Qualitative Research: Wisdom and Uncertainty offers a relevant contribution to the field of qualitative inquiry by highlighting new, emerging approaches to qualitative research. The central guiding concepts of the book are wisdom and uncertainty and the volume is structured accordingly in three parts reflecting on wisdom that underlies uncertainties in stance, approach, and space. The topics addressed range from locating values and truths in qualitative research to questions about responsible ethics, from discussing the benefits of narrative theory and ethnodrama to a qualitative approach to questioning culture through the corporeal and exploring the politics of space. Although the vast majority of contributors come from educational or health research, the explorative approaches tackled here and ethical dilemmas related to a qualitative approach exceed disciplinary borders. This also justifies the editorial claim that the volume is intended for a specialist audience in a broad range of subject areas.

The present paper deals with the efforts made in Switzerland to treat the qualitative soil protection (monitoring and assessment of soil pollution mainly by heavy metals) on a scientific and legislative basis. In addition to a critical appreciation of guide levels for pollutants in soil, indications on important gaps in research are given (e.g. risk assessment in soils with exceeded guide levels or organic micropollutants).

Over the past years, there has been an increase in the use of qualitative methods in health services research, including pharmacy research. Pharmacy practice researchers can use these methods to understand, explain, discover, and explore both patients' and health care practitioners' thoughts, perceptions, and feelings. Qualitative research can also be used for the "democratisation" of research methods through research that is inclusive, collaborative, and involves partnerships and co-production. There is a wide spectrum of qualitative research methods that might be used in pharmacy research. This Special Issue showcases five articles in different settings and countries with diverse participants that seek to develop, explore, describe, and identify. These articles provide further insights into important pharmacy questions with the ultimate goal of helping improve health and well-being.

The main point of this essay is straightforward: The distinction between quantitative and qualitative research, when applied to empirical political analysis, is exaggerated and largely artificial. In fact, most political scientists can happily perform valid and useful research without being concerned about where they stand on the quantitative-qualitative divide. Furthermore, qualitative characterizations are often easily converted into quantitative characterizations, and many qualitative characterizations are implicitly quantitative to begin with. Finally, qualitative characterizations of the empirical world are almost always more useful when converted into quantitative ones.

After some initial trepidation, I was excited about teaching a graduate seminar in qualitative methods. It could hardly be a more interesting time. The publication of King, Keohane, and Verba's Designing Social Inquiry reinvigorated interest in qualitative methods, and I wanted to design the course to profit from this emerging debate. Whereas KKV appealed to qualitative researchers to do their best to adopt quantitative methodological guidelines, I wanted to encourage students to think about whether that is always the best prescription for qualitative research. What is gained, and what is lost from evaluating case-oriented, comparative research from the perspective of large-N, variable-oriented research? What are the strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research, and what types of questions or issues are best addressed with it? How does a researcher make valid causal inferences about complex political phenomena on the basis of case-study or comparative case study methods? I hoped to teach students how to create and critique sophisticated case study and comparative research. I also wanted them to be able to explain their methodological decisions to quantitative researchers in terms that the latter could understand and appreciate.

Der anthropogene Klimawandel und seine Folgen sind nicht zuletzt deswegen eine Herausforderung für Politik und Gesellschaft, weil die zugrunde liegenden physikalischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten der resonanten Absorption von Strahlung nicht trivial sind. Zwar existieren einige Versuche, die sich der Thematik annehmen, indem zum Beispiel die Temperaturänderung in Gasen mit und ohne erhöhten CO2-Anteil unter Sonneneinstrahlung untersucht wird, jedoch funktionieren diese Versuche in der Praxis oft nur unzureichend. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt eine etwas größer dimensionierte Variante dieser Versuche, die für eine bessere Sichtbarkeit der physikalischen Effekte mit computergesteuerter Messwerterfassung kombiniert werden und an der TU Dortmund in der Ausbildung von Lehrkräften eingesetzt werden soll. Darüber hinaus wird gezeigt, wie im Rahmen der entwickelten Versuche Anknüpfungspunkte an andere naturwissenschaftliche Fächer entstehen, wodurch z.B. die Rolle von Ozeanen oder Wäldern als CO2-Senken qualitativ erfahrbar wird.

Background: The rising burden of chronic illness represents major challenges for our current health-caresystems. Generally, our current health care system mainly focuses on an acute care management and short-term goals; particularly our Primary Health Care System, which is uninformed, fragmented, and poorly coordinated to meet the needs of chronically ill patients. This study proposes the use of Chronic Care Model (CCM) which is a systematic; an evidence-based framework for improving chronic illness care in primary health care setting, but little is known and the potential benefits of doing so were missed. Objective: This study aims to describe the extent to which Addis Ababa City Administration primary health care system supports for chronic illness care with the Wagner Chronic Care Model and identify any strengths, weaknesses, barriers, and opportunities in the health care management practice to improve health outcomes. Methods: Institution based cross-section survey was conducted in selected Addis Ababa City publichealth centers tailored for prevention and control of chronic illness by the government model. Using the CCM as a framework, face to face open-ended interview with health center staff were conducted to describe the extent to which it"s consistent& identify successes and barriers that influence a successful uptake in the primary health care system. Data were collected qualitatively using semi structured interview questioner in relation to version 3.5 of the ACIC scale, and organized with a SWOT analysismatrix. An analysis was by computer aided qualitative data analysis software open code. Results: Chronic care tailored health centers developed little to basic stage of support and had distinct areas of Strengths and weaknesses in each six component of the system: 1) organizational support -strengthened by working together with partner ( Psi-Ethiopia Healthy Heart Africa initiative), established performance monitoring team and provides training in disease management, but weakened by lack of explicit chronic care goals, was not reflected in their business plan and there is also a lack of funding to support activities related to chronic illness care; 2) community linkages- strengthened by establishedcommunity visiting team ( Family health team),but detracted by lack of participation of community-basedorganizations, less priorities chronic disease care in their care plan and poor sense of program ownership by health managers; 3) self-management-promoted through one to one patient education and risk factorassessment for clients, but impeded by limited focus on family and community-based educationalactivities and seldom set goals with clients for assessed need; 4) decision support-facilitated bydistribution of clinical guidelines and their integration with daily care, but limited by inadequate access to and support from specialists; 5) delivery system design-strengthened by appointment of designated chronic disease coordinators, effective teamwork and provision of clinic rooms, but weakened by lack ofdefined roles and responsibilities to heath care workers in relation to chronic illness care and suffered from a shortage of staffs especially doctors, behavioral health professional, case manager and counselors; 6) clinical information systems-strengthened by easily accessible, organized patient records, recalls and timely feedback but, limited by lack of computerized systems adoption and capacity to supply populationbased information for quality of chronic illness care. Conclusion: This study identified several strengths and weaknesses and determined the extent to which we handled a chronic illness care by using standard protocol, a CCM framework which might be useful inassessing and guiding development of system for improvement of chronic care in primary health centers. An adaptation of the CCM model may serve as a template for future health care system redesigning & help to improve access to quality and effective health care services especially in primary healthcare.