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The authors propose an empirical analysis of the current situation in monotowns. The study questions the perceived seriousness of the "monotown problem" as well as the actual challenges it presents. The authors use a cluster analysis to divide monotowns into groups for further structural comparison. The structural differences in the available databases limit the possibilities of empirical analysis. Hence, alternative approaches are required. The authors consider possible reasons for the limitations identified. Special attention is paid to the monotowns that were granted the status of advanced development territories. A comparative analysis makes it possible to study their general characteristics and socioeconomic indicators. The authors apply the theory of opportunistic behaviour to describe potential problems caused by the lack of unified criteria for granting monotowns the status of advanced development territories. The article identifies the main stakeholders and the character of their interaction; it desc ribes a conceptual model built on the principal/agent interactions, and identifies the parametric space of mutually beneficial cooperation. The solution to the principal/agent problem suggested in the article contributes to the development of an alternative approach to the current situation and a rational approach to overcoming the "monotown problem".

With an emphasis on social science applications, this introductory text shows how to perform quantitative analyses using R. Developed from the author s short courses, the book helps readers go from raw data to results in a timely manner. Topics are organized based on the logical order of adequate quantitative analysis. The book is suitable for novices with little analysis or programming experience as well as more experienced researchers transitioning to R

"Ecology is about understanding how organisms interact with other organisms and the environment they inhabit (i.e. fundamental and realised niches). It is easy to imagine an individual organism of any kind as a dot with all sorts of arrows impinging upon it, an arrow can represent abiotic factors (temperature, light, etc.), as well as many arrows for all the other organisms (biotic factors, intra- and inter-specific interactions) that affect it. Ecology aims therefore to determine the magnitude and rate associated with some of the arrows, and which are the most important and why. Each organism also has its own effects on the same list of factors, even if the effects may be small, so we can also imagine arrows going out from the same dot, one to each of the same list of factors (they can be dots too). Again, a challenge is to determine the associated weights and importance for the arrows, some of which are directed toward other organisms. As soon as we consider more than a single organism, even just a few, we immediately have a complex structure of dots and arrows: an ecological network! It is an obvious step to consider ecological systems as ecological networks, and as such to assess how network theory (concepts and methods) might be applied to them. Network theory and the mathematics of graph theory that underlie network analysis provide simple concepts that can applied to systems that are complex both in structure and dynamics. It is those concepts that allow us to provide a sorted set of methods for the quantitative analysis of 10 ecological networks, along with thoughts and advice on how best to proceed. Through the years, the need to take a network analysis framework to study complex system has arisen in many fields (physics, computer science, communication science (transportation, electricity, social), and bio- and ecoinformatics), and there is a challenging diversity of approaches, methods, and measures that should be understood, or at least sorted, before applying them to our own data. The overarching goal of this book is to help ecologists in selecting the appropriate network methods to represent, analyse, and model their ecological system using network theory"--

Islamic fundamentalist movements are inherently anti-system social movements. An anti-system social movement is designed to criticize governmental institutions and the political mainstream while mobilizing disaffected individuals against the existing sociopolitical and socioeconomic institutions. What is lacking in the mindset of many Western politicians, practitioners, the media, and the general public is a basic understanding of Islamic fundamentalism; specifically, the causes. This is the first quantitative analysis of potential causes of Islamic fundamentalism. I have created a unique data set that contains every Islamic fundamentalist group that is or has been in operation from 1970 through 2008. This fundamentalist data set has a total number of 16,072 fundamentalist movements. I will utilize the negative binomial fixed effects regression model and a comparison of each independent variable's effect on the number of fundamentalist movements by looking at each independent variable's minimum, mean, and maximum score.

Foundations for working with stata -- Getting to know stata -- The essentials -- Do files and data management -- Quantitative analysis with stata -- Descriptive statistics -- Relationships between nominal and ordinal variables -- Relationships between different measurement levels -- Relationships between interval-ratio variables -- Enhancing your command repertoire -- Chapter exercise solutions -- Alphabetical command index and glossary -- About the author

An introduction to pH Measurement : estimating the degree of purity of snow; Measuring soil pH; Introduction to ion chromatography -- Introduction to the visible spectrophotometer -- Visible spectrophotometric determination of trace levels of iron in groundwater -- Spectrophotometric determination of phosphorus in eutrophicated surface water -- Determination of anionic surfactants by mini-liquid-liquid extraction (MINI-LLE) in an industrial wastewater effluent using ion pairing with methylene blue -- Comparison of ultraviolet and infrared absorption spectra of chemically similar organic compounds -- Determination of oil and grease and of total petroleum hydrocarbons in wastewater via reversed-phase solid-phase extraction techniques (RP-SPE) and quantitative Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy -- Determination of the degree of hardness in various sources of groundwater using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy -- Determination of lead in drinking water using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAA) : external standard vs. standard addition calibration mode -- A comparison of soil types via a quantitative determination of the chromium content using visible spectrophotometry and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry -- Data acquisition and instrument control using the Turbochrom chromatography software. an introduction to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) : evaluating those experimental parameters that influence separations -- Identifying the ubiquitous phthalate esters in the environment using HPLC, photodiode array detection, and confirmation by GC-MS -- An introduction to gas chromatography : evaluating experimental parameters that influence gas chromatographic performance -- Screening for the presence of BTEX in wastewater using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and gas chromatography : screening for THMs in chlorine-disinfected drinking water using static headspace (HS) gas chromatography -- Determination of priority pollutant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in gasoline-contaminated groundwater using static headspace (HS) and solid-phase microextraction headspace (SPME-HS) and gas chromatography -- Determination of the herbicide residue Trifluralin in chemically treated lawn soil by gas chromatography using reversed-phase solid-phase extraction (RP-SPE) sample prep techniques -- Determination of priority pollutant semivolatile organochlorine pesticides : a comparison of mini-liquid-liquid and reversed-phase solid-phase extraction techniques -- Determination of priority pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soil using RPHPLC-PDA with wavelength programming -- Determination of inorganic anions using ion chromatography (IC) : anion exchange IC with suppressed conductivity detection.