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"This book provides a quantitative treatment of the science of ecotoxicology. The first chapters consider fundamental concepts and definitions essential to understanding the fate and effects of toxicants at various levels of ecological organization as covered in the remaining chapters. Scientific ecotoxicology and associated topics are defined. The historical perspective, rationale, and characteristics are outlined for the strong inferential and quantitative approach advocated in this book. The general measurement process is discussed, and methodologies for defining and controlling variance, which could otherwise exclude valid conclusions regarding ecotoxicological endeavors, are considered.Ecotoxicological concepts at increasing levels of ecological organization are discussed in the second part of the book. Quantitative methods used to measure toxicant effects are outlined in this section. The final chapter summarizes the book with a brief discussion of ecotoxicological assessment. Numerous figures and tables accompany text, with many statistical tables found in the appendix for quick reference. Although the book primarily focuses on aquatic systems, with appropriate modification the concepts and methods can be applied to terrestrial systems"--

This article argues that the socio-history of quantification is not a simple sub-do-main of STS. On the contrary, it can provide tools for investigating a wide range of social situations from a new and interesting perspective. We begin by providing a new definition of quantification. Next we consider the way numbers permeate society to its very core, forming rich veins of data for social science research. From this process, referred to here as "quantitative marbling," three distinct cate-gories emerge: data veins produced by governments, those produced by social ac-tivists (often contesting the former), and lastly, those produced by non-govern-mental global networks. We conclude by suggesting that social processes aiming to free certain social aggregates of quantitative analysis are also worthy of attention.

This article addresses the topic of quantitative, or mathematics, literacy for the workplace and its relevance in programming for deaf students. As Craig and Craig indicated in framing this issue of the Annals , preparing students for the workplace is only one goal of literacy. Literacy also carries enormous political significance, as it relates to critical thinking, empowerment, fostering informed voting, preserving culture, and maintaining cultural and economic control; and it further can be viewed simply from the perspective of adding dignity and richness to life itself. However, because of its special impact in the workplace, this very pragmatic aspect of quantitative literacy will be the focus here. As noted educator and author Ira Shor (see, e.g., Shor, 1980) once said in response to a question I posed, "One should not apologize for the need nor the ability to earn a living."

Die Durchführung quantitativer oder qualitativer Sozialforschung unterscheidet sich nicht nur in der Verwendung der Methoden des Datengewinns und in den verschiedenen Verfahren der Datenauswertung, sondern in einem noch grundsätzlicheren Aspekt in der Strategie der Forschungsdurchführung. Die Unterschiede in den Forschungsstrategien sind so gravierend, dass die Verständigung darüber zwischen quantitativ und qualitativ orientierten ForscherInnen ganz erheblich und selbst unter qualitativen ForscherInnen keineswegs problemlos ist. Es soll deshalb der Versuch gemacht werden, wesentliche Unterschiede pointiert herauszustellen. Als Grundlage für das qualitative Vorgehen dient hier der Ansatz von KLEINING (1982; 1995), der das heuristische Moment der qualitativen Sozialforschung besonders betont, der die gemeinsame Herkunft aller Methoden aus den Alltagmethoden postuliert und der vier Regeln zur Durchführung qualitativer Forschung formuliert. Die Ideen dieses Ansatzes werden auch in einem Artikel hier im gleichen Heft besprochen, insbesondere werden dort auch die vier Regeln ausführlicher dargestellt. (KLEINING & WITT in diesem Band) Die Forschungsstrategie auf dieser Basis kann mit der Metapher des zirkulären Vorgehens beschrieben und dem linearen Vorgehen der quantitativen Forschung gegenübergestellt werden. Wesentliches Ziel der folgenden Gegenüberstellung ist es zu zeigen, dass beide Strategien sachnotwendig mit der jeweiligen Forschungsorientierung verbunden sind und Abweichungen von den jeweiligen Strategien zu schwerwiegenden Einbußen der Qualität der Forschung führen.