Suchergebnisse

Is Quasi-state still a State? A Theoretical Reflection on Selected Aspects of the Existence of State and Quasi-state
The following paper attempts to set together and analyze the concept of the state and the quasi-state. On the one hand the purpose is to grasp the nature and specifics of functioning of these political units. On the other, the aim is to indicate the differences between them and premises for non-recognition of the legitimacy of quasi-state statehood. In that respect, characteristics typical for states such as the people, territory, government and the ability to maintain contacts with other actors of the international community were attributed to the breakaway units. The bodies of state power in quasi-states have the institutional framework. The issue of status of the quasi-states was considered from the perspective of thedeterminants for their survival. Quasi-states set up their own parliaments, and the executive power is wielded by the president and the government. The paper refers to the issue of the right to self-determination, sovereignty and recognitionof the independence of these entities. Despite material sovereignty, they are deprived of both the formal sovereignty and the status of a state and international recognition. On the legal footing, quasi-states are still the part of a country fromwhich they have been separated.

The collection of longitudinal data over the full model time scope is often an appropriate way to estimate the dynamic state space model with time‐varying parameters. Nevertheless, in many situations it is possible and preferable to collect and combine data from independent groups of subjects, each covering a shorter interval than the full dynamic model. Several quasi‐longitudinal designs are discussed: overlapping designs (overlapping cohort design OCD and overlapping samples design OSD) as well as nonoverlapping designs up to the exclusively cross‐sectional design. The use of the structural equation modeling (SEM) program Mx and continuous time state space modeling is recommended. Finally, a number of the quasi‐longitudinal designs is empirically evaluated, comparing the results with those of the full‐longitudinal design.

We consider highly anisotropic 2D quantum s = 1/2 (pseudo)magnetic system which is equivalent to the frequently used system of charged hard-core bosons on a square lattice. In the continuous quasi-classical approximation, the types of localized excitations are determined by asymptotic analysis and compared with numerical results. Depending on the homogeneous ground state, the excitations are the ferro and antiferro type vortices, the skyrmion-like topological excitations or linear domain walls. © 2018 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. ; The work supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, agreement No 02.A03.21.0006 and by the Ministry of Education and Science, projects 2277 and 5719.

Abstract
The research is presenting backgrounds to the sudden informal secession of the Kurdish regions in Syria from the central government of Damascus in 2012, to successively create a kind of de facto autonomy known as Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES). This research is trying to expose features of a quasi state demonstrated by AANES through analyses of its existence mechanisms and collaborations with the International Coalition in fights against ISIS, and also in the efforts by AANES to obtain international recognition for its autonomous project. Furthermore, to point the relations between indigenous secession attempts presented by AANES and roots of the Kurdish question in Syria, also the inter-engagements with micro- and macro-aspects and fluctuations of political transformation inside Syria and the existing severe ethnic and sectarian fragmentations of Syria's society, considered as the main factors behind Syrian state failure and fragmentation, that also became very obvious after the outbreak of civil war in 2011, to finally present prognoses about the fate of AANES and Syrian state.

Analyzes political and economic transition in the economically successful northern states of Slovenia, Croatia, and Serbia and in the poor performing southern "quasi-states" of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, and Montenegro. Summaries in English and Spanish p. 467-8 and 480.