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Chapter 1: Introduction SECTION ONE: REALIST RESEARCH PROGRAMS Chapter 2: Classical Realism: The twentieth century, Edward Hallett Carr, "The Beginnings of a Science" and "The Realist Critique" Hans J. Morgenthau, "The Moral Blindness of Scientific Man" Hans J. Morgenthau, "A Realist Theory of International Politics" John H. Herz, "Idealist Internationalism and the Security Dilemma," Arnold Wolfers, "The Pole of Power and the Pole of Indifference," Chapter 3: Balance of Power Theory Ernst B. Haas, "The Balance of Power: Prescription, Concept, or Propaganda," Edward Vose Gulick, "Aims" Robert Jervis, "Feedback" Jack S. Levy and William R. Thompson, "Balancing on Land and Sea: Do States Ally against the Leading Global Power?" Chapter 4: Neorealism, Kenneth Waltz, "Political Structures" and "Anarchic Orders and Balances of Power" Kenneth Waltz, "Realist Thought and Neorealist Theory," Kenneth Waltz, "The Origins of War in Neorealist Theory," Chapter 5: Defensive Structural Realism, Robert Jervis, "Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma," Stephen M. Walt, "Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power," Charles L. Glaser, "Realists as Optimists: Cooperation as Self-Help." Stephen Van Evera, "Introduction" Evan Braden Montgomery, "Breaking Out of the Security Dilemma: Realism, Reassurance, and the Problem of Uncertainty," Chapter 6: Offensive Structural Realism, John J. Mearsheimer, "Anarchy and the Struggle for Power" Glenn H. Snyder, "Mearsheimer's World-Offensive Realism and the Struggle for Security," Christopher Layne, "The 'Poster Child for Offensive Realism:' America as Global Hegemon," Chapter 7: Rise and Fall Realism, Robert Gilpin, "The Nature of International Political Change" and "Hegemonic War and International Change" A.F.K. Organski, "Power Transition," Jack Levy, "Declining Power and the Preventive Motive for War," Dale Copeland, "Neorealism and the Myth of Bipolar Stability: Toward a New Dynamic Realist Theory of Major War," Chapter 8: Neoclassical Realism, Charles Glaser, "The Necessary and Natural Evolution of Structural Realism," Jeffrey W. Taliaferro , Steven E. Lobell, and Norrin M. Ripsman, "Introduction: Neoclassical Realism, The State, and Foreign Policy" Thomas J. Christensen and Jack Snyder, "Chain Gangs and Passed Bucks: Predicting Alliance Patterns in Multipolarity," Randall L. Schweller, "Unanswered Threats: A Neoclassical Realist Theory of Underbalancing," Colin Dueck, "Neoclassical Realism and the National Interest: Presidents, Domestic Politics, and Major Military Interventions," SECTION TWO: CRITIQUES AND RESPONSES, Chapter 9: The Liberal Critique, Andrew Moravcsik, "Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics," Brian C. Rathbun, "Is Anybody Not an (International Relations) Liberal?" John M. Owen, "How Liberalism Produces Democratic Peace," Christopher Layne, "Kant or Cant: the Myth of Democratic Peace," Chapter 10: The Institutionalist Critique, David A. Baldwin, "Neoliberalism, Neorealism, and World Politics," Robert O. Keohane and Lisa L. Martin, "Institutional Theory as a Research Program," Joseph M. Grieco, "Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation: A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institutionalism," John Mearsheimer, "The False Promise of International Institutions," Chapter 11: The Constructivist/English School Critique, Alexander Wendt, "Anarchy is What States Make of It: The Social Construction of Power Politics," Michael C. Desch, "Culture Clash: Assessing the Importance of Ideas in Security Studies," Richard Little, "The English School vs. American Realism: A Meeting of Minds or Divided by a Common Language?" Dale Copeland, "A Realist Critique of the English School,"

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: In Defense of the No-Miracles Argument -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The NMA -- 1.3 Laudan's Objection -- 1.4 The Rejection of the Demand -- 1.5 IBE -- 1.6 Evolutionary Theory -- 1.7 The End of History Illusion -- 1.8 Ad Hoc -- 1.9 Empiricism -- 1.10 Surrealism -- 1.11 Predictive Similarity -- 1.12 Summary -- References -- Chapter 2: Critiques of the Pessimistic Induction -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Pessimistic Induction -- 2.3 Problematic Positions -- 2.3.1 The Classic PI and IBE -- 2.3.2 The Classic PI and Evolutionary Theory -- 2.4 The Grand PI -- 2.4.1 Four Intrinsic Problems -- 2.4.2 The PUA -- 2.4.3 The Relative PI -- 2.4.4 The PI over Realists -- 2.4.5 The Epistemic PI -- 2.4.6 The Problem of Misleading Evidence -- 2.4.7 Proportional Pessimism -- 2.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Critiques of Scientific Antirealism -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The PI Over Antirealist Explanations -- 3.3 The PI Over Pessimists -- 3.4 The PI Over Antirealists -- 3.5 Explanation -- 3.6 Prediction -- 3.7 Two Epistemic Disadvantages -- 3.8 Epistemic Reciprocalism -- 3.9 Empiricism and the Problem of Unobserved Anomalies -- 3.10 Constructive Empiricism -- 3.11 Gap Antirealists -- 3.12 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4: Six New Arguments for Scientific Realism -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Optimistic Induction Over Realists -- 4.3 The Argument from Undiscovered Evidence -- 4.4 The Argument from Neighboring Theories -- 4.5 The Counter-Induction for Realism -- 4.6 The English Notion of Rationality -- 4.7 The Grand Optimistic Induction -- 4.8 Tu Quoque -- 4.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5: Critiques of Five Variants of Putative Realism -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Entity Realism -- 5.3 Minimal Realism -- 5.4 Axiological Realism -- 5.5 Van Fraassen's Definition -- 5.6 Selective Realism -- 5.6.1 An Analysis.

A tale of two movements -- The seeds of time : legal realism and legal history -- The wealth of historicism : legal history in the critical mold -- Everything flows and nothing abides : the realist turn to social science-- Oh, the tangled webs we weave : the CLS critique of social science -- Night of the living dead : legal realist anticonceptualism -- The world well lost : variations on the linguistic theme -- Realizing realism : reconstruction in legal theory

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. A Tale of Two Movements -- 2. The Seeds of Time: Legal Realism and Legal History -- 3. The Wealth of Historicism: Legal History in the Critical Mold -- 4. Everything Flows and Nothing Abides: The Realist Turn to Social Science -- 5. Oh, the Tangled Webs We Weave: The CLS Critique of Social Science -- 6. Night of the Living Dead: Legal Realist Anticonceptualism -- 7. The World Well Lost: Variations on the Linguistic Theme -- 8. Realizing Realism: Reconstruction in Legal Theory -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Sociological Realism presents a clear and updated discussion of the main tenets and issues of social theory, written by some of the top scholars within the critical realist and relational approach. It connects such approaches systematically to other strands of thought that are central in contemporary sociology, like systems theory and rational choice theory. Divided into three parts, social ontology, sociological theory, and methodology, each part includes a systematic presentation, a comment, and a wider discussion by the editors, thereby taking on the form of a dialogue among experts. This book is a uniquely blended and consistent conversation showing the convergence of European social theory on a critical realist and relational way of thinking. This volume is extremely important both for teaching purposes and for all those scholars who wish to get a fresh perspective on some deep dynamics of contemporary sociology.

International Relations scholars have long debated whether the American public is allergic to realism, which raises the question of how they would 'contract' it in the first place. We argue that realism isn't just an IR paradigm, but a belief system, whose relationship with other ideological systems in public opinion has rarely been fully examined. Operationalizing this disposition in ordinary citizens as 'folk realism,' we investigate its relationship with a variety of personality traits, foreign policy orientations, and political knowledge. We then present the results of a laboratory experiment probing psychological microfoundations for realist theory, manipulating the amount of information subjects have about a foreign policy conflict to determine whether uncertainty leads individuals to adopt more realist views, and whether realists and idealists respond to uncertainty and fear differently. We find that many of realism's causal mechanisms are conditional on whether subjects already hold realist views, and suggest that emotions like fear may play a larger role in realist theory than many realists have assumed. Adapted from the source document.