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'Roots of Realism' edited by Benjamin Frankel and 'Realism: Restatements and Renewal' edited by Benjamin Frankel are reviewed. A review is presented of two books edited by Benjamin Frankel: 1. Roots of Realism and 2. Realism: Restatements and Renewal.

Buzan reviews 'Realism: Restatements and Renewal,' edited by Benjamin Frankel, and 'Roots of Realism' edited by Benjamin Frankel.

International relations scholars have tended to focus on realism's common features rather than exploring potential differences. Realists do share certain assumptions and are often treated as a group, but such a broad grouping obscures systematic divisions within realist theory. Recently, some analysts have argued that it is necessary to differentiate within realism. This article builds on this line of argument. The potential, and need, to divide realism on the basis of divergent assumptions has so far been overlooked. In this article I argue that realism can be split into two competing branches by revealing latent divisions regarding a series of assumptions about state behavior. The first branch is Kenneth Waltz's well-known neorealist theory; a second branch, termed here "postclassical realism," has yet to be delineated as a major alternative but corresponds with a number of realist analyses that cohere with one another and are incompatible with Waltzian neorealism.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1. VR101: Confused about virtual reality? What is it? Here's a guide for complete beginners. -- 2. Virtual Realism: Between the future shock of network idealists and the naïve realism of the Unabomber runs a middle path. It is the peaceful road of virtual realism. Ten signposts mark the way. -- 3. The Art of Virtual Reality: Artists teach us how to marry technology with spirit. PlaceHolder and the Virtual Dervish provide lessons in virtual realism. What do you learn from spending six hours in a headmounted display? Here's a report. -- 4. Interactive Design: Tunnel Or Spiral? Since the 1960s, artists-from Glenn Gould to Jim Morrison-prepared us for digital interaction. The same artists now help us understand how to build holistic virtual worlds. -- 5. InfoEcology: Survival dictates that we integrate information systems with planetary ecology. Virtual Reality is already cleaning nuclear waste sites left by the Cold War. One engineering project adds photogrammetry to virtual realism. -- 6. Nature and Cyberspace: Does nature end where cyberspace begins? Or can we put nature into cyberspace? The author looks at the puzzle through some personal life history. -- 7. AWS and UFOs: Why do alien intruders populate so many nightmares? What brings them to us? Consider these visitors our future selves, summoning us from the not-too-distant technological future. -- Notes on Artists and Works -- Chapter Notes -- Vocabulary of Virtual Realism -- Suggested Reading -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z -- Illustrations.

Emmons reviews 'The Vices of Integrity: E. H. Carr, 1892-1982' by Jonathan Haslam.

Schaub reviews a new translation of Machiavelli's 'The Prince,' edited and translated by Angelo M. Codevilla.

Entgegen den üblichen Hinweisen von Theoretikern internationaler Beziehungen auf die Gemeinsamkeiten realistischer Theorieansätze arbeitet der Autor die Unterschiede dieser Positionenhinsichtlich staatlichen Verhaltens heraus: 1. Werden Staaten in ihrer außenpolitischen Strategie eher von einem worst-case-Denken bezüglich der Möglichkeit eines Konflikts bestimmt? 2. Wie gewichten Staaten ihre kurz- undlangfristigen Ziele gegeneinander? 3. Wie gewichten Staaten militärische Sicherheit und wirtschaftliche Macht gegeneinander? Brooks demonstriert diese unterschiedlichen Einschätzungen anhand der deutschen und japanischen Außenpolitik, der nuklearen Proliferation in der Ukraine und der regionalen Wirtschaftskooperation zwischen Entwicklungsländern. (SWP-Gtv)