Suchergebnisse

Aviva Butt has just finished translating in collaboration with the author, Salim Barakat's first novel Fuqahā' al-Ẓalām (Sages of Darkness) written in 1985. The translation was done from a later original Arabic manuscript roughly the same as the 1994 Baghdadi edition. Sages of Darkness is a Kurdish Sufi novel depicting Kurdish life in late Ottoman times. It is, in fact, a philosophical novel with a strong dose of psychological realism, written in a style derived from Classical Modernism. And so, it is mainstream literature, an achievement in view of the late start in novel-writing by the Kurdish far-flung writers' community. The action line, full of suspense, violence, and murder, is greatly about the tribal notable "Avdei Sarei," who does everything he can to ensure the survival of his business and the economic health of his endeavors. In this article, the translator of Sages of Darkness analyzes Barakat's novelistic techniques for the purpose of prompting a better understanding of the novel, and by-the-by, if possible, to solve the enigma of the meaning of the title.

Security Studies cover the security of referent objects, individuals, or states. Since the Second World War, the importance and depth of Security Studies have increased. In the post-cold war period, it was seen as a purely military field and was handled within the scope of the power policies of the states. In the post-Cold War period, it emerged as a multidimensional form. This research describes prominent approaches such as Realism, Liberalism, Peace, and Critical Security Studies and the most recent essential theories. The research underlines the three pillars of The Copenhagen School, which has contributed to the academic literature on securitization/desecuritization theory, regional security complex theory, and sectoral security approach in international security studies. In the securitization theory, any subject can be non-politicised, politicised, or elevated to a national security concern level. According to the Regional Security Complex pillar, standard points, security priorities, and security dynamics must coincide with establishing a region in the security realm. Lastly, the safety of human societies is affected by factors in five primary areas - military, political, economic, social, and environmental factors. The study concludes that the Copenhagen School occupies a significant position among security studies methodologies and offers a helpful framework for examining contemporary global security concerns.

The present study brings to light some of the original novelistic writing techniques that Salim Barakat evolved in his first novel entitled Fuqahā' al-Ẓalām (Sages of Darkness). With this novel, the author laid the foundation for techniques to be used in his subsequent novels. In the absence of an established Middle Eastern or Kurdish tradition of novel writing, Barakat had ample space to develop his own original techniques. He first published Sages of Darkness in 1985 in Nicosia Cyprus, and later published a second edition in Baghdad in 1994—with a further overlay of cinematic imagery and use of his own poetics and vocabulary as in his poems of the intervening period. An anthology of Barakat's poems in the original Arabic can now be read online. And there are also English translations in the Anthology of Aviva Butt's book of 20 September 2021(see the References at the end of this article). A previous article on Sages of Darkness published in IJOKS 7 (1) (2022) attempted to establish the genre of Barakat's novel as psychological realism with philosophical and fantastical elements—the first 50 pages were examined. In this study, I will mention the frequent symbolic relationship of the environment to Kurdish life—as seen in the first approximately 120 pages. A completed English translation of Sages of Darkness, including the remaining 90 pages underway, will hopefully be published by early next year.

Many studies on Mehmet Akif Ersoy, who is also known as "Homeland Poet" and "National Poet" in Turkish literature, show that he is in a structure suitable for realism and idealism, and that he frequently deals with subjects in which social concepts are at the forefront. Mehmet Akif collected all his poems in his work called Safahat, which consists of seven books. Family, which constitutes the core of the society and is the most basic building block that keeps it alive, comes first among the social concepts that he values. In his works, where he analyzes the various situations of the members of the family institution in depth, Akif focuses on the "child" and "young" individuals in this institution and the "education" needs of the new generation created by them. Akif has an intense interest in children and young people, because the way to know and serve a society is to know and understand the child well. The periods in which the individual evolves from childhood to youth and from there to adulthood; It has a critical meaning for the child, family and society. Being aware of this, Akif has been in an effort to create the ideal youth and thus to create the ideal society by emphasizing the family institution, which he almost sanctified and defined as the "heavenly palace" in his works. In this compilation type study, which is based on literature review and literature analysis as a method, based on Mehmet Akif Ersoy's work named Safahat, the concepts of "child", "young", "family" and "education", which are considered important in the progress of society, were evaluated from Akif's perspective and the importance of these concepts was tried to be revealed. When Mehmet Akif Ersoy's point of view on the aforementioned social concepts is examined both from his own works and from the works made about him, it seems possible to say that these views still maintain their validity today and that there are suggestions that can be a solution to many current social and educational problems.