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Retributivists thus face a difficult challenge. Either we must go against the social grain, and perhaps our own intuitions, by insisting that a criminal offense carry the same penalty or punishment no matter how many previous convictions an offender has accrued; or we must find a way to justify the recidivist premium. I shall take the second route here by arguing that recidivism itself is a kind of criminal offense. In developing this argument, I shall rely on Youngjae Lee's insightful analysis of "recidivism as omission." I shall complement his analysis, however, by grounding it in a conception of criminal law as a cooperative practice-a grounding that Lee's defense of the recidivist premium otherwise lacks. In doing so, I shall incorporate Lee's "recidivism as omission" into the familiar theory that justifies punishment as a matter of fair play.

617Belligerent Occupation — Judicial Powers of Occupant — Tribunals of Occupant — Whether Foreign or Municipal Tribunals — Conviction for Criminal Offence — Whether Conviction Renders Convicted Person Liable to Punishment as Recidivist in Subsequent Proceedings before Municipal Court — The Law of Germany.

Belligerent Occupation — Judicial Powers of Occupant — Tribunals of Occupant — Whether Foreign or Municipal Tribunals — Conviction for Criminal Offence — Whether Conviction Renders Convicted Person Liable to Punishment as Recidivist in Subsequent Proceedings before Municipal Court — The Law of Germany.

The article discusses the personality of a recidivist. The specifics of the influence of the criminal subculture on crime is investigated, its especially socially dangerous characteristics are revealed. The author of the proposed correction of legislative acts was the appointment of punishment, taking into account the personal qualities of the offender.

States — Continuity of — Status of Saar Territory — Conviction for Criminal Offence before a Court of the Saar Territory — Whether such Court is a German Court or a Foreign Court within the Meaning of German Criminal Law.

Children's social environment influences their psychological return to crimes, and it is a treatment or reward from friends which they consider right since they are encouraged to repeat their actions. The research is an empirical legal research. The results shows that The role of psychologists in Special Child Development Institutions is not optimal, due to limited resources. Furthermore, parents or families should actively supervise and limit the association of children as this will prevent them from returning to the social environment. This is because the environment encourages them to commit criminal acts. Also, the government should make provision for their development through the Ministry of Rights and human rights psychologists of any special institute for children's development.