Suchergebnisse

While care of older people involves both medical and social care nursing homes are essentially an extension of the functions of the home rather than of a hospital. The largest group of employees in residential care settings are nurses and care attendants. A medical model could be said to dominate not a social care approach. However there has been a move away from large institutional settings with a hospital atmosphere to smaller more homely units where there is more emphasis on purposive activity and links with the community. Traditionally many of the day services for older people were provided by voluntary organisations and nuns from religious orders provided much of the expertise. With the decline in the number of religious these services are increasingly coming under the remit of the health board and staffed by people from a variety of nursing and social care backgrounds. This articlel is based on an exploratory study of the provision of care for older people in residential and day settings with particular focus on recreational, social and creative activities. The services and programmes examined were mainly in the Dublin area. The aims of the article are: To outline the structure of provision of residential and day services for older people who need additional support in daily living. To give an overview of policy development in relation to these services. To examine quality of life in relation to provision of recreational and social activities in these services and To put forward an argument for social care education in the provision of training courses for staff working with older people. The article outlines the main institutional services for dependent older people, discusses the principal policy reports that have shaped the services, and describes the historical evolution of services and the main policy developments to date. The article contrasts services based on older concepts of care with more recent practices. The quality of care is examined with reference to legislative requirements and quality indictors particularly related to purposive recreation. The characteristics of a medical model of care are contrasted with a social care approach and an argument is advanced for adopting a social care approach for meeting the needs of the dependent older person. Finally the training implications of adopting a social care approach are considered.

The Purpose of the Study The problem of recreational activities is both a wide and a complex one. It is an aspect of the wider problem of education in which physical, intellectual and moral training are collateral and overlapping branches. In order to understand more clearly the meaning and need of the term recreation, we need only to ask ourselves these questions: What is the work of the whole human being in life? To what extent does physical development and recreation help him to enter into and live this life more abundantly? S. S. Pressey says, "What we today term recreational activities represent only an orderly organization, redirection, and extension of that pupil-activities characteristic of children which have always more or less been present among them". Few teachers of the "old school" manifested any interest in what took place outside the literary classroom work. Recreation has gained recognition among educators as a vital part of every school program intended to train our boys and girls to take their places in a democracy. The wise school master has come to see that both he and his teachers are not fulfilling their true function as instructors, guides, and counselors of youth unless they all help to organize the many leisure activities of their pupils with the facts mentioned above in view, an attempt will be made to make a study of the recreational activities of Blackshear Elementary School.

The problem of this study is to determine if age and sex differences exist in the recreational patterns of adolescents. Specifically the study addresses itself to the following subproblems: 1. Is there a significant age difference in the choice of recreational activities among Nigerian adolescents? 2. Is there a significant sex difference in the choice of recreational activities among adolescents? 3. Are there age differences in the extent of participation in recreational activities among adollescents? If for nothing else, this study is important to determine the recreational patterns of male and female adolscents in Nigeria in an attempt to decide whether they require diversified programmes due to intra group differences or whether they should be treated as a homogeneous group for recreational planning purposes.

Demand for outdoor recreation has been increasing, probably due to changing lifestyle, increasing accessibility and most importantly, the need to escape from the busy city life. The rising environmental awareness couples with deteriorating environmental quality in city have encouraged people to visit the countryside to relax physically and mentally, bringing about nature-based recreation which refers to activities carried in the natural environment for self-enjoyment and pleasure. Through engaging in nature-based recreational activities, conservation of natural resources and recreation needs of human can be achieved, as well as arousing environmental awareness. Hence, nature-based recreation is regarded as a sustainable way to serve the nature and mankind. Yet, recreational activities in nature can impose pressure on nature and thus planning is essential for nature-based recreation, so as to comply with the obligation of nature conservation and optimize recreation opportunities for people. This study aimed to investigate and assess the effectiveness of planning of naturebased recreational activities in Hong Kong, hence provide suggestions to improve the provisions and enhance the experiences of nature-based recreational activities. The overall planning of nature-based recreation in Hong Kong was investigated and Shing Mun Reservoir, Nam Sang Wai and Fung Yuen Butterfly Reserve were chosen as studied sites for evaluation. Questionnaires and interviews had been conducted to gather opinions of visitors, green group and planner. In general, it is found that the country park system and the Management Agreement Scheme formed the skeleton of planning of nature-based recreational activities. Yet, the current planning provisions were insufficient to cover all existing and potential venues. Problems were identified in the insufficient protection to natural resources and lack of adaptability and evaluation of the country park system, lack of understanding and appreciation of the nature by the public, insufficient supports to facilitate nongovernment planning and management to nature-based recreational activities, and lack of determination in conserving the nature in macro planning. It is recommended to enhance the current country park system, including natural resources protection, nature education, regulation assessment and evaluation, and improve adaptability; enhance Management Agreement Scheme to minimize the management difficulties; and extend the coverage of Hong Kong Planning Standard and Guidelines to include nature-based recreation and creating ancillary guidelines for planning to remind key issues. Further, strong determination in nature conservation and sustainability of the government is important to guide and facilitate effective planning for nature-based recreational activities. ; published_or_final_version ; Environmental Management ; Master ; Master of Science in Environmental Management

Background  One method of promoting children's friendship development is through activity participation with peers. However, children with disabilities seem to engage in fewer of these activities, and when they do participate often do so primarily with adults.Materials and Methods  This study compared activity participation and friendship in typically developing (TD) children (n = 90), children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 65), and children with an intellectual disability (n = 30) between the ages of 5 and 17 years. Parents completed a questionnaire about their child's participation in social, recreational and leisure activities.Results  The TD children participated in significantly more social and recreational activities and had more friends than the children with disabilities. Notable differences emerged among groups in the percentage of activities the children participated in with peers, parents and/or other adults. Some significant differences were noted between the ASD and intellectual disability groups.Conclusions  Research concerning activity participation should continue to take into account not only whether children are engaging in activities, but explore more precisely 'with whom' these activities are occurring.