Suchergebnisse

The recent approval of the new Law that will govern the Brazilian Upper Secondary Education entailed a series of questions about its procedural strategy and about the very feasibility of its implementation. Issued as a Provisional Executive Order, it was quickly assessed and approved by the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, excluding from the discussion the social sectors focused on education. The necessary communication processes, understood as dialogical processes – crucial to discussing a matter possibly affecting the practices of the whole level of basic education – were not pursued, resulting in a Law debated solely in ministerial offices and in the National Congress offices of government leaders. ; A recente aprovação da nova Lei que regerá o Ensino Médio brasileiro trouxe consigo uma série de indagações acerca da estratégia como foi encaminhada e da própria factibilidade quanto à sua implantação. Nascida como Medida Provisória, conheceu rápido trâmite na Câmara e no Senado, deixando à margem a participação dos setores sociais voltados ao tema da educação. Os necessários processos de comunicação, compreendidos como trânsitos dialógicos – decisivos para o tratamento de matéria com o alcance de uma mudança de rota em ciclo do ensino básico –, deixaram de ser acionados, resultando em uma Lei cujos interlocutores foram os gabinetes ministeriais e as salas de lideranças governistas do Congresso Nacional.

This work aimed to characterize the mental health care network in a small city in the state of Paraná. This is a qualitative and exploratory research, which used the semi-structured interview as data collection technique. The group of the research subjects consisted of a municipal Health Department management representative and workers linked to primary, ambulatory and hospital care. From the data obtained, we dealt with some of the challenges that arise in the path of care models construction consistent with the guidelines of psychosocial care. We were able to observe that instead of a network, there are some care centers in the city, which do not always present themselves articulately. The care was focused on the binominal ambulatory-hospital and the assistance offered had a markedly medicinal character, grounded in biomedical perspective. We noticed the existence of a doctor-centered model to the detriment of a user-centered practice. This way, we point to a mismatch on the Reform trajectory in the Brazilian scenario, because if on the one hand there were a lot of advances in some cities and states, in others places the Reform does not seem to have a significant impact towards the consolidation of a new care model.

Este artigo aborda questões que envolvem o movimento de reformas educacionais na educação superior, a partir do final do Século XX, como a Declaração de Bolonha assinada em 1999, por ministros da Educação europeus, e que promove, atualmente, a reforma chamada Processo de Bolonha. Outros documentos como a Declaração Mundial sobre Educação Superior, 1998, representam marco referencial das reformas a que se refere este texto. Em sua essência, os documentos europeus vinculam o movimento reformista da educação superior às necessidades contextualizadas pelo padrão de globalização da economia. São articulações que têm como base o incentivo à competitividade, mobilidade discente, adaptação ao mercado de trabalho. No Brasil, em que sentido é possível situar os reflexos desse movimento? Na busca desse entendimento, focalizamos o movimento empreendido pelo Ministério da Educação para discutir a reforma universitária para o país, em especial destacamos o Seminário Internacional Universidade XXI e a Declaração de Brasília. Resguardadas as especificidades de cada situação, vislumbramos refletir sobre possíveis intersecções dos movimentos reformistas na educação superior contemporânea.

A reflection on the concepts of Democracy, Social State and Managerial Reform and their interrelation, with State expansion as the backdrop. ; Reflexão sobre os conceitos de Democracia, Estado Social e Reforma Gerencial e sua inter-relação, com a ampliação do tamanho do Estado como pano de fundo.

Kunnat ovat suuren muutoksen keskellä. Kuntarakenneuudistus sekä sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon palvelurakenneuudistus tulevat muuttamaan kuntien hallintoa merkittävästi. Kari Hakarin tutkimus tarkastelee yhden suuren kaupungin hallinnonuudistusta uuden julkisen hallinnan teorian näkökulmasta. Uusi julkinen hallinta on kunnallishallinnon uudistamisen kolmas vaihe, joka on kehittynyt perinteisestä julkishallinnosta ja tätä seuranneesta uudesta julkisjohtamisesta. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on arvioida, onko uudesta julkisesta hallinnasta kuntien hallinnonuudistusten uudeksi suunnaksi. Tutkimuksella tuetaan myös kuntien käytännön kehittämistoimintaa. Tutkimuskohteena on Tampereen kaupungin toteuttama kokonaisvaltainen toimintamallin uudistus. Uudistus muodostuu kolmesta osasta: pormestarijärjestelmästä, tilaaja–tuottaja-mallista sekä asiakaslähtöisestä prosessiajattelusta. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että Tampereen muutosprosessi toteuttaa varsin hyvin uuden julkisen hallinnan mukaista ajattelua. Se ei kuitenkaan edusta tätä moderneimmillaan, vaan perustuu vahvasti sekä byrokraattisen organisaation rakenteisiin että uuden julkisjohtamisen mukaiseen markkinoistumisen tavoitteeseen. Näyttää siltä, että Tampereenkin toimintamalli kaipaa päivittämistä, jotta se pystyy vastaamaan paremmin tulevaisuuden haasteisiin. Moderni uuden julkisen hallinnan kokonaisuus kuntien hallinnon kehittämisen näkökulmasta muodostuu 1) avoimesta kumppanuudesta asukkaiden, palvelutuottajien ja muiden sidosryhmien kanssa, 2) paikallisuuden ja yhteisöllisyyden korostamisesta, 3) monimuotoisesta suorasta ja edustuksellisesta demokratiasta, 4) asiakaslähtöisestä palvelujen kehittämisestä, 5) tulosperusteisesta palveluiden hankinnasta sekä 6) monimuotoisesta palvelutuotannosta. Muutos vallankäytössä on yksi uuden julkisen hallinnan ominaispiirre. Kunnan johtaminen edellyttää monimutkaistuvassa yhteiskunnassa uusia välineitä ja toimintatapoja. Tutkimuksen mukaan moderni kunnan johtaminen perustuu onnistuneelle yhdistelmälle pehmeää ja kovaa valtaa. Tutkimuksen mukaan uusi julkinen hallinta voi kehittyä kuntien hallinnonuudistusten perustaksi. Tätä tukee se, että uudessa julkisessa hallinnassa kehittämisperiaatteet muodostavat loogisen kokonaisuuden, jota voidaan käytännössä toteuttaa monin välinein erilaisissa tilanteissa. Lisäksi on olemassa ilmeinen tarve yhteiselle visiolle, jotta välttämättä edessä oleva kuntien hallinnonuudistus pystytään toteuttamaan. Uudet, isot reformit tarvitsevat aina mallin, johon muutos voidaan perustaa. Uuden julkisen hallinnan kehittymistä tukee myös se, että hallinnon kehittämisen käytännön toteutukset sekä kansainvälisesti että Suomessa toteuttavat jo monella tavoin uuden julkisen hallinnan mukaisia hallinnonuudistuksen kehityssuuntia. Tutkimus tuo uutta tietoa uuden julkisen hallinnan käytännön toteutuksesta suuressa suomalaisessa kaupungissa. Se näyttää myös suuntaa kuntien kehittämistyölle yhdistäen käytäntöä ja teoriaa ja tuo näin tietoa sekä käytännön kuntien kehittämistehtävissä toimiville että tutkijoille. Tampereen toimintamallin päivittämiselle se tarjoaa päämäärän, jota kohti edetä. ; The subject of this dissertation is the new public governance from the perspective of the local government management reforms. The research question is: how is the new public governance reflected in local government reforms? The research ques-tion will be examined from the perspectives of theory, practice and power relations. The empirical object of the study is the management reform of the City of Tampere, Finland. The reform includes three parts: the mayoral system, the purchaser-provider model and the customer-oriented process organization. The study also aims at the development of municipal operations, and presents new public governance as a comprehensive "theory of practice", which combines theory and practice and allows municipalities to find perspectives, tools and a theoretical framework for their management reforms. The study consists of four separate published sub-studies and this summary. The first sub-study deals with the theory of new public governance within the framework of the management reform of the City of Tampere. The second and third sub-studies are concerned with a variety of practical implementations of new public governance in the City of Tampere management reform. The fourth sub-project addresses power relations. In this summary the results are presented from the perspective of a management model, networked service development and the change in the exercise of power. Questionnaires were the empirical basis of the first two sub-studies, the third examined written documents and used interviews with experts and fourth sub-study relied on theme interviews with directors. New public governance (NPG) represents the third wave of the management re-forms evolving from a traditional public administration, and that following the new public management. An essential feature of the new public governance is that it does not completely reject earlier administrative reforms, but rather complements them with new solutions. NPG is based on the view that the public administration is no longer able alone to control society, but the success of governance is based on the partnership with the private and third sectors as well as with the citizens. Within the framework of new public governance one can, at least to some extent, identify three distinct trends. The differences between the trends are mainly in emphasis placed on various matters. Discussion of the new public governance started in network governance. Next, the new public governance was discussed from the perspective of democratic decision-making and public participation. The third emphasis seems to be on the new public governance as a development of customer-focused services and co-production. The results show that the process of change of the City of Tampere can be imple-mented quite well within the new public governance paradigm. At the beginning of the process the new public management was a decided basis of the reform. In the phases of preparation and implementation constraints and international experiences of weaknesses were perceived in the new public management model. On the basis of this, the management model has been developed further so that issues of new public governance such as local democracy, participation, networks and transparency of government have become stronger. The management model of Tampere does not, however, represent the new public governance in its modern form. The Tampere model is built on a basis of democracy and regulation of traditional public administration as well as the quasi-markets of the new public management. The modern new public governance reform seems to be moving especially towards a customer-oriented service development. According to this study the change in the use of power seems to be one of the characteristics of society's growing complexity and new public governance. There is a need for new instruments for leadership and in the exercise of power in an in-creasingly complex society. The modern municipal leadership is based on a suc-cessful combination of soft and hard power. The growth of new public governance as the next paradigm of management re-forms can be justified from three different perspectives. First, the new public gov-ernance is a logical entity. It brings together coherent principles of management reform, which can be implemented in practice by a variety of techniques in different situations. Second, there is an obvious need for a common vision for local gov-ernment reforms. New, large-scale reforms always need a new paradigm in which a change can be set up. There is a need for a common vision for the municipalities and their functions in order to implement local government reform. The new public governance could be the entirety that can show the way for the necessary man-agement reform of municipalities in Finland. Third, the practical implementations of management reforms both internationally and in Finland are already realizing the trends of management reform of new public governance in a number of ways.

This article studies the policies to reform the Brazilian higher education implemented in the government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) and depth in the Lula government, promoted in accordance with the policy guidelines of the World Bank. This is a bibliographic study based on major theoretical discussions on the subject and analysis of key policies of the two governments, and the agreement to the World Bank guidelines. Approaching the latest objective reality, launches hand of data available in the official bodies such as the Ministry of Education (MEC), National Institute of Educational Studies Teixeira (INEP) and the World Bank. This study highlights the commodification of higher education operated by FHC and Lula, structuring a suitable type of university capital, at this stage of its globalization.

Brazil grew 2.4 percent per year on average in the last 25 years-somewhat less than Latin America, a good deal less than the world, far less than the emerging countries of Asia in the same period, and indeed far less than Brazil itself in previous decades. If anything stands out favorably in recent Brazilian experience, it is not growth but stabilization and the successful opening of the economy. The purpose of this paper is more modest. It is limited to setting out the authors' particular view of recent efforts to consolidate democracy in Brazil while controlling inflation and resuming economic growth. At the same time the paper presents, as objectively as possible, some thoughts on the limits but also the relevance of action by political leaders to set a course and circumvent obstacles to that process. Here and there, the paper refers to the experiences of other Latin American countries, especially Argentina, Chile, and Mexico, not to offer a full fledged comparative analysis but merely to note contrasts and similarities that may shed light on the peculiarities of the Brazilian case and suggest themes for a more wide-ranging exchange of views.

Teaching reforms are the object of research in Education. The 1920 reform of public teaching in the state of São Paulo was analyzed, led by Sampaio Dória, from a standpoint of legal prescriptions and its implementation in a specific reality, the Normal School of Piracicaba/SP. The implementation counted on a group of teachers, which is our privileged object of research. From such group, we learn the establishment of a power gradient producing social figuration out of recognized pedagogic, literary, artistic and political nationalistic domains. The power and figuration concepts proposed by Norbert Elias provide us with theoretical support. The 1920 reform, a network of interdependent people and its unfolding are analyzed in this article. ; As reformas de ensino são objetos de pesquisa em Educação. Analisou-se a Reforma de 1920 da instrução pública paulista, dirigida por Sampaio Dória, do ponto de vista das prescrições legais e de sua implantação em uma realidade específica, a Escola Normal de Piracicaba/SP. A implantação contou com um grupo de professores que é o nosso objeto privilegiado. Dele apreendemos a formação de uma figuração social produtora de gradientes de poder a partir de reconhecidos domínios pedagógicos, literários, artísticos e político-nacionalistas. Os conceitos de figuração e de poder propostos por Norbert Elias nos dão suporte teórico. A Reforma de 1920, uma rede de pessoas interdependentes e seus desdobramentos são analisados neste artigo.

This article emphasizes the discussion around the representations and effective uses of the House
of Detention in Recife in the context of the empire's prison reform. Symbol of civility and penal
modernity, but also of control and public security, the House of Detention in Recife was perceived
by city managers as an instrument whose purpose was to settle and remedy the criminal
practices of a portion of the population considered to be unruly and prone to crime. On the other
hand, a group of popular segments, far from endorsing this representation of the prison
institution, appropriated the prison as a commercial zone. Between the "reassuring institution"
and the "house of commerce", between the representations of the elite and the effective uses of
the institution, we will reconstruct aspects of the history of prison reform as experienced in Recife
in the second half of the 19th century.

Este artigo discute a relação entre as reformas da educação e a concepção de sociedde civil na era FHC, a partir de uma crítica ao comunitarismo. Apontamos que a concepção de formação humana pressuposta nas reformas do período em questão, voltada para a aprendizagem do trade off econômico e moral (ajudar os pobres como forma de compensar os benefícios recebidos pela sociedade, como o emprego, bolsas de estudos) coaduna-se com o neoliberalismo e com o reforço da histórica cisão "moral" da sociedade brasileira.