Suchergebnisse

Since 1971, Belgium has been organized in two cultural communities, Flanders & Wallonia, & into three regions: Brussels, Flanders, & Wallonia. Each community & each region has its own financial means & its own legislative authority. In 1975, a sharp political controversy arose concerning the limits of the powers of the region vs those of the community. The crux of the debate was: which would be financially responsible for some matters (ie, education & cultural affairs), the region or the community? This conflict, to date unresolved, has made the coexistence of two communities & three regions in Belgium more sensitive. Modified HA

From the 1990's health administration became part of a regionalization movement resulting in the setting up of the regional health agencies. These structures, and the methods adopted to reorganize the regional steering of health matters, marked the importing into the heath sector of the trends involved in the renovation of the French administrative machinery.Throughout the 20th century, the « territorialization » of the public policies followed the tempo of a two-step waltz, with a mix of « deconcentration » and decentralization. It is therefore possible to question the place given to thelocal authorities in the steering of regional health matters. The specific investment made by some authorities, such as the former Nord-Pas de Calais Region, raises further questions.After having observed the place given to the local authorities in the health architecture, we will look into the reasons for this, especially as regards the "Region". In many respects the choices made do not appear to be in step with the legal and political dynamics on which decentralization, seen from a global standpoint, is based. We will try to understand the reasons behind this differential treatment of health issues, before looking ahead to what healthsector decentralization might be; i.e. in short, the completion of the health regionalization process. ; A partir des années 1990 l'administration sanitaire s'est inscrite dans un mouvement de régionalisation ayant conduit à l'installation des agences régionales de santé. Ces structures, ainsi que les méthodes choisies pour réorganiser le pilotage régional des affaires sanitaires, marquent l'importation dans le secteur de la santé des tendances ayant touché la rénovation de l'appareil administratif français.Tout au long du XXème siècle, la territorialisation des politiques publiques a suivi le tempo d'une valse à deux temps, mêlant déconcentration et décentralisation. Dès lors, il est possible de se questionner sur la place accordéeaux collectivités territoriales dans le pilotage sanitaire ...

This article deals with the electoral process that has taken place in Palestine since the death of Yasser Arafat. It tackles the issue of the internal & regional political changes that have followed Mahmoud Abbas' arrival as head of the Palestinian Authority (PA). What are the links between the Palestinian-Israeli diplomatic agenda & the political liberalization of the Palestinian institutions? & to what extent can the victory of an Islamic party affect the opening & development of peace negotiations? The PA is currently trying to stop in some ways the democratic process, fearing an Hamas overwhelming landslide. The Authority is supported in that scenario by the European Community, the United States & Israel, which would have preferred another more "moderate" majority on the scene. Adapted from the source document.

Since January 2002, following the SRU Law (1), the metropolitan regions (with the exception of the Ile de France and Corsica) exercise all the powers of organising authority (AO) for collective transport of passengers of regional interest. If the law establishes common provisions, a large part of the contractual autonomy of the parties is left. Have the regions made use of this contractual autonomy? To what extent? What type of involvement? In which areas? The purpose of this article is to report on regional/SNCF governance methods in the light of analyses of subcontracting. We will assume that the Region/SNCF contractual relationship can be equated with a particular subcontracting relationship, close to co-contracting (2), the Regions being in the role of principal and SNCF as a single subcontractor (3). Subcontracting relationship, which is still special, by the fact that, for the time being, SNCF presents itself as the obligated partner. After describing the types of governance that could theoretically be envisaged, we will present the characteristics of the contractual organisation of relations between SNCF and each of the seven experimental regions (4), through the agreements concluded in 2002. ; The regionalisation of the rail sector: contractual structure and management methods. – Since January 2002, following the SRU Law, the metropolitan regions (with the exception of the Paris Region and Corsica) enjoy all of the prerogatives of an organisational authority (OA) for collective regional passenger transport. Although the law introduces common measures, a great deal of room for manoeuvre remains concerning the contractual autonomy of the parties concerned. Have the regions made the best of this contractual autonomy? To what extent? In what form? In which field? The purpose of this article is to assess the regional/SNCF management methods in view of the analyses of the subcontracting operations. We will begin with the hypothesis that the contractual region/SNCF relationship may be likened to a special ...

A PO poll was conducted to test R. Dahrendorf's analysis of class conflicts. The 1st question dealt with whether the S's identified themselves by profession, religion, or region. Businessmen most strongly identified themselves by profession; regional identification was strong among many. Professionals & managers were the most likely to identify themselves by religion. Satisfaction was higher among professionals & managers, lowest among farmers. Workers were most sympathized with; skilled workers sympathized mostly with the poor; professionals & managers, with self-employed individuals; farmers with other farmers. The poll also investigated the kind of opposition playing the most crucial role for a given S--between the rich & the poor, farmers & industrialists, Ru & Ur dwellers, etc. S's proved most sensitive to the conflict between those who have something to say & those who do not; this is in accordance with Dahrendorf's notion of classes. In general, PO holds that positions in the professional authority structure no longer tend to be identical with positions in the authority structure in society as a whole. The public, though perceiving authority conflicts, attempts to keep some distance from them. Political groups tend to express images of society either in terms of division & coercion, or in terms of integration, depending on their feeling of relative satisfaction. People have not modified the image they have of society. PO is still sensitive to authority conflicts. 7 Tables. Modified HA.

Regional Dynamics in the Near and Middle-East and the Limits of Foreign Influence, by Volker Perthes
Aside from the troubled state at présent of Israeli-Palestinian relations since the setbacks in the peace process and the resumption of the intifada in October 2000, récent political developments in the Near and Middle East are of major importance for the region's future. Whether it be the creation of the Palestinian Authority, the succession of new Arab political elites, the Gulf War or the Oslo Agreement, the 1990s have seen the emergence of a veritable "regional System of states", bound together as much by security questions and perceptions of risk as by geographical proximity alone. In this context, the influence of foreign powers, in particular, the United States and Europe, reaches its limits very quickly when it does not take into account the interests that are considered vital by the regional players.

M. Aurillac
It is not so much the forms of administration which are new but rather the way in which they are used, i.e. on a regional level. When the 1972 Law came into force, this was greeted by a certain amount of suspicion on the part of the Regional Council vis-a-vis the State administrative machinery and the development of polymorphous structures entrusted with a wide range of functions, e.g. State enterprises, associations, semi-public companies. No one will deny their efficiency but their use involves grave dangers which demonstrate the limits of para-administration, e.g. hostility between these organisations and government departments and the surrender of power by elected assemblies to intermediary bodies which threaten to usurp their authority.

From the 1990's health administration became part of a regionalization movement resulting in the setting up of the regional health agencies. These structures, and the methods adopted to reorganize the regional steering of health matters, marked the importing into the heath sector of the trends involved in the renovation of the French administrative machinery.Throughout the 20th century, the « territorialization » of the public policies followed the tempo of a two-step waltz, with a mix of « deconcentration » and decentralization. It is therefore possible to question the place given to thelocal authorities in the steering of regional health matters. The specific investment made by some authorities, such as the former Nord-Pas de Calais Region, raises further questions.After having observed the place given to the local authorities in the health architecture, we will look into the reasons for this, especially as regards the "Region". In many respects the choices made do not appear to be in step with the legal and political dynamics on which decentralization, seen from a global standpoint, is based. We will try to understand the reasons behind this differential treatment of health issues, before looking ahead to what healthsector decentralization might be; i.e. in short, the completion of the health regionalization process. ; A partir des années 1990 l'administration sanitaire s'est inscrite dans un mouvement de régionalisation ayant conduit à l'installation des agences régionales de santé. Ces structures, ainsi que les méthodes choisies pour réorganiser le pilotage régional des affaires sanitaires, marquent l'importation dans le secteur de la santé des tendances ayant touché la rénovation de l'appareil administratif français.Tout au long du XXème siècle, la territorialisation des politiques publiques a suivi le tempo d'une valse à deux temps, mêlant déconcentration et décentralisation. Dès lors, il est possible de se questionner sur la place accordéeaux collectivités territoriales dans le pilotage sanitaire régional. L'investissement particulier de certaines collectivités, comme l'ancienne Région Nord-Pas de Calais, alimente d'ailleurs ces interrogations.Après avoir observé la place accordée aux collectivités dans l'architecture sanitaire, nous nous interrogerons sur les raisons pouvant expliquer celle-ci, tout particulièrement en ce qui concerne la Région. A bien des égards les choix opérés apparaissent à contre temps des dynamiques juridiques et politiques sur lesquelles s'appuie aujourd'hui la décentralisation, envisagée globalement. Nous essaierons de comprendre les raisons pouvant expliquer un traitement différencié des questions de la santé, avant d'envisager ce que pourrait être une décentralisation sanitaire ; c'est-à-dire, en somme, un aboutissement de la régionalisation sanitaire.

International audience ; Chapter 6 begins with the establishment of a powerful regional transport Authority (STP, then STIF), and a massive implication of the State. The District, established in 1961, is a specific administrative body dedicated to the regional planning, directly linked to the head of the State. It becomes the Île-de-France Region in 1976, with a change of status. Heavy investments are done in the 1960s under its supervision : regional transit system (RER), highways, new towns and major equipments like Roissy Airport). The District is less powerful after 1968, but the dynamics continue to produce important effects. ; Le chapitre 6 débute par la mise en place d'une autorité régionale des transports (le STP, qui devient ensuite le STIF) et l'implication massive de l'échelon étatique. Ce dernier crée une administration de mission spécifique, le District (qui devient la région Île-de-France en 1976) et engage dès les années 1960 des investissements lourds (RER, réseau autoroutier, villes nouvelles et grands équipements comme l'aéroport de Roissy). Les prérogatives du District sont rapidement rognées (dès 1968), mais la dynamique est suffisante pour permettre d'importantes réalisations.

International audience ; Chapter 6 begins with the establishment of a powerful regional transport Authority (STP, then STIF), and a massive implication of the State. The District, established in 1961, is a specific administrative body dedicated to the regional planning, directly linked to the head of the State. It becomes the Île-de-France Region in 1976, with a change of status. Heavy investments are done in the 1960s under its supervision : regional transit system (RER), highways, new towns and major equipments like Roissy Airport). The District is less powerful after 1968, but the dynamics continue to produce important effects. ; Le chapitre 6 débute par la mise en place d'une autorité régionale des transports (le STP, qui devient ensuite le STIF) et l'implication massive de l'échelon étatique. Ce dernier crée une administration de mission spécifique, le District (qui devient la région Île-de-France en 1976) et engage dès les années 1960 des investissements lourds (RER, réseau autoroutier, villes nouvelles et grands équipements comme l'aéroport de Roissy). Les prérogatives du District sont rapidement rognées (dès 1968), mais la dynamique est suffisante pour permettre d'importantes réalisations.

International audience ; Chapter 6 begins with the establishment of a powerful regional transport Authority (STP, then STIF), and a massive implication of the State. The District, established in 1961, is a specific administrative body dedicated to the regional planning, directly linked to the head of the State. It becomes the Île-de-France Region in 1976, with a change of status. Heavy investments are done in the 1960s under its supervision : regional transit system (RER), highways, new towns and major equipments like Roissy Airport). The District is less powerful after 1968, but the dynamics continue to produce important effects. ; Le chapitre 6 débute par la mise en place d'une autorité régionale des transports (le STP, qui devient ensuite le STIF) et l'implication massive de l'échelon étatique. Ce dernier crée une administration de mission spécifique, le District (qui devient la région Île-de-France en 1976) et engage dès les années 1960 des investissements lourds (RER, réseau autoroutier, villes nouvelles et grands équipements comme l'aéroport de Roissy). Les prérogatives du District sont rapidement rognées (dès 1968), mais la dynamique est suffisante pour permettre d'importantes réalisations.