Suchergebnisse

Telematics of the number: Ten years ago, the SRU law opened an ambivalent reform of the rail passenger transport system in France. It preserves the operating monopoly of the incumbent operator, but entrusts the regions with the responsibility of organising authority. Economic theory suggests that the monopoly leads to a revenue capture. Using the surplus accounts method, which we use on the SNCF-TER billing account, we show that, at this initial stage, RFF is the main beneficiary of the total surplus available, far from the passengers who tend to benefit from rail regionalisation. The effect on public authorities is more ambiguous. Although the regions were able to control the price boundary of the operating subsidy, excluding tolls, they had to give up significant advantages in connection with the modernisation of rolling stock. A more detailed approach shows how each region is a particular "RER economic model" governed by a specific governance mode. ; International audience Ten years ago, the SRU law initiated an ambivalent reform of the railway system of passenger transport in France. It preserves the monopoly of operation of the historical operator, but transfers the political responsibility for organizing the regional railway system to the regions. The economic theory suggests that the monopoly led to a revenue capture. With the surplus accounts method, which will be displayed on the SNCF-TER billing account, we can show that, on this initial stage, the Infrastructure Manager (RFF) has been the main beneficiary of the total available surplus, far ahead from the passenger who might benefit from the rail regionalization. The effect on local communities is more equivocal. If the regions have been able to control the border price of the operating subsidy, tolls excepted, they had to yield significant benefits for the rolling stock modernization. A more detailed approach shows how each region is a particular "TER economic model" ruled by a specific mode of governance. ; Telematics of the number: Ten years ago, ...

The aim of this paper is a reflection on the role of space in the processes of economic change. Starting in the United States the financial and economic crisis infected Europe after 2007. A wider debate on the current differential role of governments in the U.S. and Europe in addressing the crisis has emerged. The bailout programs in the U.S. have made reference to a unitary and homogeneous reference frame in the presence of a central bank whose broad mandate includes development goals. Europe, instead, has shown a different scenario and the same financial integration project depends on the complex relationship between individuals and the community, national sovereignty and increasingly binding European procedures. In this overall scenario, however, seems to be missing a vital issue: the territorial dimension, crucial element of the new economic conditions. According to the birth of new economic and social hierarchies, regional development, must consider the possibility of using marginal areas, those that have so far suffered the predominance of the central ones, but having now new and unexploited economic and institutional assets.

Lo studio analizza l'implementazione delle esperienze di agricoltura sociale quale potenziale area di innovazione nelle politiche di welfare regionale, nel caso studio delle Marche. Adottando l'approccio teorico analitico del process tracing, focalizza la sua attenzione sulla dimensione della governance che ha caratterizzato questi processi di innovazione, considerando le sue relative potenzialità e criticità nella prospettiva del social investment. Evidenzia il carattere circoscritto delle sperimentazioni di innovazione, discute la tipologia di attori coinvolti e il suo potenziale di upscaling, interrogandosi sul suo impatto nel contesto delle altre esperienze locali e del più ampio clima neoliberista.

Umberto Gori is an eminent representative of the first wave of international studies in Italy. Throughout the past decades he has constantly been engaged in a number of research projects – ranging from international organization to the theory of international relations, from strategic studies to forecasting – and has taught not only at the University of Florence but also at many other Italian and foreign institutions. The present collection of essays is meant to celebrate his outstanding career. The contributors are students of his who, in turn, have followed his path in teaching and research, and who acknowledge an intellectual debt to him. The volume is arranged according to three general themes that are consistent with Gori's interests: the competitive and cooperative dimensions of the international system; foreign policy and regional governance; the contemporary international order.

In France, while forestry policy is in the hands of central Government, local and regional authorities and local stakeholders in the forestry and wood industries have three further tools available as additional back-up for the governance of defined areas: the Forestry Charter, the Supply Plan, both for a Defined Area, and the Development Plan for a Mountain Zone. Designed to foster a new approach to forests, these tools are particularly well adapted to the multi-purpose nature of Mediterranean forests and woodlands.

Sommario: L'articolo propone un'analisi concettuale dei fondamenti del Modello Sociale Europeo come sistema di welfare multilivello. In particolare, espone l'importanza della sussidiarietà amministrativa tra i diversi livelli della governance europea come un elemento centrale della cittadinanza sociale. Con questa espressione viene definita l'articolazione strategica tra legittimità sovra-nazionale e responsabilità sub-statale che ottimizza l'implementazione di politiche pubbliche. L'impatto dei cosiddetti "nuovi rischi sociali" (NSR) dipende dalle possibilità di sviluppo sociale, strutturale ed istituzionale delle comunità locali. In questo senso, l'autonomia fiscale a livello regionale è un aspetto centrale per garantire politiche redistributive e di solidarietà. Partendo da queste riflessioni, nell'ultima sezione si valuta come la governance multilivello possa rafforzare la cittadinanza sociale europea grazie all'interscambio di esperienze positive e innovative tra diversi stati membri, specialmente nell'attuale congiuntura di instabilità economica internazionale. Abstract: In this article we carry out a conceptual review of European Social Model's basic issues as a multilevel welfare system. We outline administrative subsidiarity between different levels of European governance as one of the main pillar of social citizenship. With such expression we define the strategic configuration between transnational legitimacy and sub-state accountability in the provision of public policies. The impact of the so-called "new social risks" (NSR) relies on the social, structural and institutional development of local communities. According to that, financial autonomy at a regional level is a key resource for policy innovation together with the concomitants issues of redistribution and solidarity. Starting from these issues, the concluding section of the paper puts forward the idea that the advancement of social citizenship in the European Union may be best achieved through the interchange of positive and innovative experiences among and within member states, especially in the current international situation of economic instability. ; Peer reviewed

Over the two last decades, the regional policies have increasingly met the need to foster the economic competitiveness of regional and local economies, in order to face globalisation challenges. However, these actions have privileged the direct competition, oriented to catch investment and consumption flows by improving the regional/local attractiveness, than the indirect one, which is based on the social and institutional interplay involving the regional/local actors. The increasing relevance of the indirect competition brings back on stage the public sector, namely the various levels of territorial government. Yet, the most successful experiences in Europe demonstrate that this renaissance of the public guide in spatial policies is intimately linked to the involvement of local systems of actors and implies a 'constructed' idea of territory. This paper seeks to enlighten some features of this process, introducing the concept of multilevel governance and place-based policies as the basic building blocks of the regional policies.

Il capitale sociale e la qualità istituzionale sono due fenomeni che, da circa venti anni, hanno assunto il ruolo di protagonisti all'interno delle scienze sociali. Anche se per molto tempo sono stati analizzati separatamente, già dalla loro definizione è possibile intuire come essi rappresentino due facce della stessa medaglia. Questo lavoro ha l'obiettivo di comprendere quale è le relazione che lega il capitale sociale e la qualità istituzionale all'interno delle regioni dell'Unione Europea. Nonostante buona parte della letteratura si sia maggiormente dedicata all'analisi dei due fenomeni a livello nazionale, in questo elaborato si ritiene che la dimensione territoriale regionale sia l'unità di misura più idonea per analizzarli entrambi. La prima parte del lavoro analizza il capitale sociale sia da un punto di vista definitorio che da un punto di vista più prettamente empirico, suddividendolo in diversi elementi. Il capitale sociale è un fenomeno estremamente multidimensionale, analizzarne solo una parte condurrebbe ad un'analisi parziale ed approssimativa. All'interno del testo vengono individuate cinque dimensioni, utilizzate successivamente per la creazione di un nuovo indice di capitale sociale regionale. Nella seconda parte si affronta il tema delle istituzioni e della qualità istituzionale. Dopo aver definito le istituzioni, si provvede ad effettuare una rassegna degli indici più comunemente utilizzati per misurarne la qualità, selezionando l'European Quality of Government Index del Quality of Government Institute di Göteborg come il più appropriato, sia per la sua definizione di governance che per l'unità di analisi prescelta. Nella terza parte, infine, in seguito ad un'analisi di quella parte di letteratura che ritiene i due fenomeni indissolubilmente legati ed utilizzando l'indice di capitale sociale regionale sviluppato nel primo capitolo, si propone una risposta, sicuramente parziale e non definitiva, alla domanda che da vent'anni anima questo interessante filone di ricerca: che relazione sussiste tra qualità istituzionale e capitale sociale? ; In the last 20 years, the concepts of governance and social capital assumed a pivotal role within social science. Even if previous scholars tended to deal with them separately, it is straightforward to notice that the two phenomena are actually highly connected. The aim of this work is to explore the existing relation between social capital and quality of institutions in several European Union's regions. Albeit the majority of the scholars are focused on the national level, this thesis considers the regional dimension, deemed to be the most suitable territorial unit to look at the two phenomena jointly. The first section is devoted to the analysis of the social capital, with the purposes of providing a theoretical definition and illustrating its empirical implications. Social capital is a multidimensional phenomenon, and to deal with just one of these two aspects would have led to a shallow and partial analysis. Moreover, within this section, we are going to individuate five dimensions, used to create a new index of regional social capital. The second part of this contribution is aimed at scrutinizing institutions and their quality. Soon after a preliminary definition, this section is going to provide a review concerning the most common indexes measuring the quality of institutions. Taking into consideration the definition of governance as well as the selected unit of analysis, the European Quality of Government Index, is deemed to be the most suitable for our analysis. Lastly, a final section is going to deal with the body of literature conceiving the two phenomena as highly connected. Employing the new regional social capital index, this conclusive section is going to propose a preliminary answer to the question that, in the last 20 years, has stimulated this interesting debate: what is the type of relation existing between governance and social capital?