Suchergebnisse

This book examines the planning and implementation of policies to create sustainable neighborhoods, using as a case study the City of Sydney. The authors ask whether many past planning and development practices were appropriate to the ways that communities then functioned, and what lessons we have learned. The aim is to illustrate the many variations within a city and from neighborhood to neighborhood regarding renewal (rehabilitation), redevelopment (replacement) and new development. Case study examples of nine City of Sydney neighborhoods note the different histories of planning and development in each. Features of the studies include literature searches, field work (with photography), and analysis. The authors propose a set of sustainability principles which incorporate elements of the twenty seven principles of the 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development Part One explores sustainable urban planning, and the importance of planning tools that enable best planning outcomes for communities and investors. Common factors in the nine case study neighborhoods are renewal, redevelopment and development pressures affecting Sydney from the 1970s to 2014. Also discussed are the differing circumstances of planning faced by authorities, developers and communities in each of the study areas.Part Two of the book is focused on the case study areas in City of Sydney East area: Woolloomooloo and Kings Cross. Part Three covers case study areas in Sydney's Inner South area: Chippendale, Redfern and Waterloo District. Part Four surveys the Inner West suburb of Erskineville. Part Five looks at the City West area, including the Haymarket District and the Pyrmont and Ultimo District. Part Six concentrates on the North West area suburb of Glebe. Part Seven of the book looks at the growth area of South Sydney District, which includes the suburbs of Beaconsfield, Zetland and the new localities of Victoria Park and Green Square. The authors recount lessons learned and outline directions of planning for sustainable neighborhoods. Finally, the authors challenge readers to apply the lessons of these case studies to further advances in sustainable urban planning. Raymond Charles RauscherI have always been interested in town planning, being born in Brooklyn, New York City (1943) and graduating from the City College of New York (Bachelor of Engineering, Civil 1966). I later completed a first part of a masters degree at the Univ of Michigan (research submission on Detroit entitled A Solution to the Urban Crisis: Proposal for the Creation of Region Serving New Cities (unpublished 1969). The Masters of Town and Country Planning was completed at Sydney University (1971) with a thesis Community Response to a Redevelopment Proposal (University of Sydney Library Microfilm Dept). The thesis covered planning conflicts in Erskineville and measures to resolving these. Chapter 7 of this book refers back to the planning of Erskineville in 1971, and lessons learned. Delving into the subject of sustainable urban planning, I completed a PhD (2009) at the University of Newcastle, including the thesis Sustainable Area Planning Framework for Ecologically Sustainable Development: Case Study Wyong Shire, NSW, Australia.Wanting to research further the subject of sustainable urban planning, I published (with co-author Salim Momtaz) Sustainable Communities: A Framework for Planning - Case Study of an Australian Outer Sydney Growth Area (Springer 2014). Over the years I continued to study urban change in my birth place Brooklyn (New York). My interest was drawn to Bushwick (my old neighborhood), an area of Brooklyn that met its low point of urban slide in the 1977 arson fires. I did field work over several years, from 1979 onwards, to better understand reasons for USA style urban decline and renewal. This culminated in the book (with co-author Salim Momtaz) Brooklyn's Bushwick - Urban Renewal in New York, USA (Springer 2014). Still wanting to understand the urban changes in inner city neighbourhoods (beyond Erskineville of 1971), I continued (over a number of years) to monitor planning and development of the City of Sydney inner city areas. This monitoring focused on the question of how sustainable were the urban changes taking place in these Sydney neighbourhoods (given the rapid growth of Sydney into a global city). To prepare this book I spent five years (2009-2014) on the ground in the inner city of Sydney doing qualitative research field work, including photographing changes in City of Sydney neighbourhoods. During this research I recalled my involvement with community groups at the time of my earlier research in Erskineville noted above. At the time (1971-1973), neighbourhood associations were successful in calling on the New South Wales (NSW) Builders Labourers' Federation (BLF) to impose 'green bans' to stop NSW State or developer proposed developments which residents felt were inappropriate. This led to a number of 'green bans' imposed in inner city communities covered in this book, including Woolloomooloo (Chapter 3), Victoria St, Kings Cross (Chapter 4), Waterloo (Chapter 6), and Glebe (Chapter 10). Since 1973 I have been a member of the Australian based Social Developers Network (SDN) The Network commenced at the time of PM Gough Whitlam (1972-1975) (currently 98 years old, living in Sydney). As prime minister Whitlam (and Minister for Planning and Regional Development, Tom Uren) promoted and instituted programs in urban planning, regional development and community development. A number of those initiatives are included in the book (Woolloomooloo in Chapter 3, Kings Cross in Chapter 4, and Glebe in Chapter 9). I am currently a Conjoint Lecturer at the University of Newcastle, Australia. I am also a director of Habitat Association for Arts and Environment Inc. Under this body I continue to work on 'Visions Inner Sydney' (VIS). This is a program recording the changes in the inner city local government areas of the City of Sydney, and Municipalities of Leichhardt, Marrickville and Ashfield.Salim MomtazDr Salim Momtaz is a senior lecturer at the University of Newcastle, Australia. He teaches in the area of sustainable resource management. A geographer, environmental scientist and social planner by training, Salim's research interests include: environmental planning and governance, social adaptation to climate change, impact assessment and community participation. His recent publications include: Evaluating Environmental and Social Impact Assessment in Developing Countries, Elsevier: Oxford (2013) (co-author S.M.Z. Kabir); Sustainable Communities: A Framework for Planning, Springer: London (2014) (co-author R.C. Rauscher); and, Brooklyn's Bushwick - Urban Renewal in New York, USA, Springer (2014) (co-author R.C. Rauscher).

This book critically engages with a long tradition of scholarly work that conceives of the European Union as a peculiar international actor that pursues a value-based, normatively oriented and development-friendly agenda in its relations with international partners. The EU is a pivotal player in international trade relations, holding formidable power in trade but also exercising substantial power through trade. Trade policy therefore represents a strategic field for the EU to shape its image as a healthy economy and a global power. In this field, the EU has declared a twofold ambitious goal, namely that of fostering economic growth in Europe while, at the same time, promoting development and growth abroad, both in developed and developing countries. In other words, the EU aims to increase its competitiveness in world trade while acting as an ethical and normative power. Here, Poletti and Sicurelli explore the tension between these two roles.

Absentee Landlords and Agriculture -- Access to Land and the Right to Food -- Aesthetic Value, Art, and Food -- Africa, Food, and Agriculture -- African Food Security Urban Network (AFSUN) -- Agrarianism and the Ethics of Eating -- Agricultural and Food Products in Preferential Trade Agreements -- Agricultural Cooperatives -- Agricultural Ethics -- Agricultural Science and Ethics -- Agricultural Sciences and Ethical Controversies of Biofuels -- Agriculture and Ethical Change -- Agriculture and Finance -- Agriculture of the Middle -- Alcohol Abstinence and Sobriety -- Alcohol as Food and the Good Life -- Alimentary Delinquency -- American Cuisine, Existence Of -- American Food Rhetoric -- Ancestral Cuisine and Cooking Rituals -- Animal Agriculture and Welfare Footprints -- Animal Welfare in the Context of Animal Production -- Animal Welfare: A Critical Examination of the Concept -- Aroid Production and Postharvest Practices -- Artisanal Food Production and Craft -- Asian Cuisine: Ethical Considerations -- Authenticity in Food -- Beef Production: Ethical Issues -- Biodiversity -- Biodiversity and Global Development -- Biodynamic Agriculture -- Bioethics at Purdue University -- Biofuels: Ethical Aspects -- Biopharming -- Biosecurity and Food Systems -- Biotechnology and Food Policy, Governance -- Body Image, Gender, and Food -- Brazilian Agriculture -- Brillat-Savarin and Food -- Buddhism, Cooking, and Eating -- Buddhist Perspectives on Food and Agricultural Ethics -- Canada, US-EU Beef Hormone Dispute -- Cannibalism -- Carbon Farming -- Carnism -- Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics -- Child Nutrition Guidelines and Gender -- Chinese Agriculture -- Chocolate: Ethical Dimensions -- Christian Ethics and Vegetarianism -- Christian Mysticism and Food -- Christian Perspectives on Food and Agricultural Ethics -- Christian Stewardship in Agriculture -- Christianity and Food -- Civic Agriculture -- Climate Change, Ethics, and Food Production -- Community-Supported Agriculture -- Company Identity in the Food Industry -- Conservation Agriculture: Farmer Adoption and Policy Issues -- Conventionalization Hypothesis -- Cooking Tools and Techniques: Ethical Issues -- Cooking, Food Consumption, and Globalization: Ethical Considerations -- Corporate Farms -- Corporate Social Responsibility and Food -- Cosmopolitanism, Localism and Food -- Cross-Contamination of Crops in Horticulture -- Cuban Agriculture -- Culinary Cosmopolitanism -- Culinary Tourism -- Derrida and Eating -- East European Agriculture -- Eating Disorders -- Eating Disorders and Disturbed Eating -- Eating Etiquette -- Eating and Nutrition -- Eating Invasive Species -- Eating, Feeding and the Human Life Cycle -- Eating, Feeding, and Disability -- Ecofeminist Food Ethics -- Economy of Agriculture and Food -- Ecosystems, Food, Agriculture, and Ethics -- Ecotopia -- Egg Production: Ethical Issues -- Emergency Food System: Soup Kitchens and Food Pantries -- Environmental and Animal Pragmatism -- Environmental Ethics -- Environmental Justice and Food -- Epicureanism and Food -- Equipment Sharing in Agriculture -- Escoffier -- Ethical Activism with Consideration of the Routine of Food Culture -- Ethical Assessment of Dieting, Weight Loss, and Weight Cycling -- Ethical Matrix and Agriculture -- Ethics and Food Taste -- Ethics of Agricultural Development and Food Rights in International Organizations -- Ethics of Dietitians -- Ethics of Nutrigenomics -- Ethics in Food and Agricultural Sciences -- Ethnicity, Ethnic Identity, and Food -- EU Regulatory Conflicts over GM Food -- European Cuisine: Ethical Considerations -- Expertise in Agriculture: Scientific and Ethical Issues -- Extraterritorial Obligations of States and the Right to Food -- Fair Trade in Food and Agricultural Products -- Farm Management -- Farmer Types and Motivation -- Farmers' Markets -- Farmer-Scientist Knowledge Exchange -- Farms: Small Versus Large -- Fasting -- Feeding Children -- Food "Porn" in Media -- Food Addiction -- Food Additives and International Trade -- Food Advertising to Children: Policy, Health, and Gender -- Food Allergies: Ethical Issues -- Food and Agricultural Trade and National Sovereignty -- Food and Agriculture in Bangladesh -- Food and Choice -- Food and Class -- Food and Health Policy -- Food and Life Chances -- Food and Place -- Food and Poverty in High Income Countries -- Food Rituals -- Food and the Avant-Garde -- Food Animal Production, Ethics, and Quality Assurance -- Food Assistance and International Trade -- Food Boycotts -- Food Culture and Chefs -- Food Deserts -- Food Ethics and Policies -- Food in Ancient Indian Philosophy -- Food Labeling -- Food Legislation and Regulation: EU, UN, WTO and Private Regulation -- Food Miles -- Food Not Bombs -- Food Preparation, Cooking, and Ritual in Judaism -- Food Riots, Historical Perspectives -- Food Risk Communication -- Food Risks -- Food Safety -- Food Security -- Food Security and International Trade -- Food Security and Rural Education -- Food Security in Systemic Context -- Food Standards -- Food Waste -- Food Waste and Consumer Ethics -- Food Worlds, Film, and Gender -- Food, Agriculture, and Trade Organizations -- Food, Class Identity, and Gender -- Food's Purposes -- Food-Body Relationship -- Foucault and Food -- Free Trade and Protectionism in Food and Agriculture -- Functional Foods -- Functional Foods as Commodities -- Functional Foods, Marketing of -- Gender and Dieting -- Gender Inequality and Food Security -- Gender Norms and Food Behavior -- Gender, Obesity, and Stigmatization -- Geographic Indications -- Geographical Indications, Food, and Culture -- Gluttony -- GM Food, Nutrition, Safety, and Health -- GMO Food Labeling -- Grocery Store Design -- Gustatory Pleasure and Food -- Hazon -- Herbicide-Resistant Crops -- Hinduism and Food -- Home Gardening -- Homesteading -- Horticultural Therapy -- Hospitality and Food -- Human Ecology and Food -- Human Rights and Food -- Humane Slaughter Association -- Hunting -- Hybridity in Agriculture -- In Vitro Meat -- Industrial Food Animal Production Ethics -- Industrialized Slaughter and Animal Welfare -- Infant Feeding -- Informed Food Choice -- Institute Technology-Theology-Natural Sciences (TTN), Munich -- Institutional Food Service -- Intellectual Property and Food -- Intellectual Property Rights and Trade in the Food and Agricultural Sectors -- International Food Quality Standards -- Islam and Food -- Islam and Food and Agricultural Ethics -- Jainism and Food -- Jefferson's Moral Agrarianism -- Judaism and Food -- Kristeva and Food -- Land Acquisitions for Food and Fuel -- Law and Regulatory Mechanisms for Food and Agriculture Research -- Literature, Food, and Gender -- Local and Regional Food Systems -- Local Food Procurement -- Marketing, Food Policy, Diet, and Health -- Meat: Ethical Considerations -- Medicalization of Eating and Feeding -- Metaphysics of Natural Food -- Molecular Gastronomy -- Montaigne and Food -- Multifunctional Agriculture -- Multifunctionality of Agriculture and International Trade -- Multilateral Trade Organizations, Food, and Agriculture -- NAFTA and the Food and Agricultural Industries -- Nanotechnology in Agriculture -- National Courts and the Right to Food -- Natural Food -- Nietzsche and Food -- Obesity and Consumer Choice -- Obesity and Responsibility -- Occupational Risks in Agriculture -- Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics -- Permaculture -- Pest Control -- Peter Singer and Food -- Plant-Based Diets and Scientific Value Judgments -- Plato and Food -- Political Agronomy -- Political Consumerism: Consumer Choice, Information, and Labeling -- Population Growth -- Pork Production: Ethical Issues -- Poverty and Basic Needs -- Pregnancy and Food -- Private Food Governance -- Provision of Agricultural Ecosystem Services -- Public Institutional Foodservice -- Punishment and Food -- Race, Racial Identity, and Eating -- Recipes -- Resource Conflict, Food, and Agriculture -- Responsible Innovation in the Food Sector -- Restaurant Reviewing -- Restaurant Workers -- Right to Food in International Law -- Rousseau and Food -- Saving Seeds -- School Lunch and Gender -- Seed Banking, Seed Saving, and Cultivating Local Varieties -- Slash-and-Burn Agriculture -- Slow Food -- Sub-Saharan African Agriculture -- Substantial Equivalence -- Sustainability and Animal Agriculture -- Sustainability of Food Production and Consumption -- Sustainable Consumption and Gender -- Synthetic Biology and Biofuels -- Synthetic Meat -- Systemic Ethics to Support Well being -- Taste, Distaste, and Food -- Technologies used for Animal Breeding, Ethical Issues -- Telos and Farm Animal Welfare -- The 2003–2006 WTO GMO Dispute: Implications for the SPS Agreement -- Trade and Development in the Food and Agricultural Sectors -- Trade Policies and Animal Welfare -- Trade Policies and Organic Food -- Transgenic Crops -- Urban Agriculture -- Vegetarianism -- Vertical Farms in Horticulture -- Vertical Integration and Concentration in US Agriculture -- Virtue Theory, Food, and Agriculture -- War and Food -- Waste and Food -- Water, Food, and Agriculture -- WTO Dispute Settlement and Food and Agricultural Trade -- You Are What You Eat -- Youth Food Activism

Part 1. International experience, cooperation, and trade in global food markets in support of the sustainable development of the agrarian economy based on digital technologies and smart innovations -- 1. Formation of New Mechanisms for Sustainable Development of the Rice Farming in Kyrgyzstan -- 2. Accumulation and Consumption in the Agricultural Sector of the Russian Economy -- 3. Rural Tourism as a Factor in Overcoming Poverty in the Kyrgyz Republic -- 4. Changing the Global Production and Trade of Citrus Fruits -- 5. International Banana Trade: Volumes, Countries, and Trends -- 6. Market Pattern Analysis of Russia-Vietnam Chocolate Confectionary Trade -- 7. Transformation of the Positioning of Countries as a Result of the Transition of the World Economy from Globalization to Regionalization -- 8. The Impact of Parallel Imports on the Activities of Russian Marketplaces -- 9. Ways to Improve the Innovative Development of Kyrgyz Agriculture -- 10. The Impact of Anti-Russian Sanctions on the EU -- 11. Prospects for Development Cooperation between China and the Republic of the Congo -- 12. Investment Сooperation in Agriculture between China and Russia: Current Status, Problems and Prospects -- 13. International Cooperation in the field of Food and Mineral Fertilizers -- Part 2. Applied organizational and management solutions for the sustainable development of agrarian organizations based on digital technologies and smart innovations -- 14. Comparative Comprehensive Assessment of Agricultural Organizations Toolkit -- 15. The Concept of Re-equipment of Nevinnomysskiy Azot JSC Production in the Conditions of the Development of Agricultural Economy Based on Digital Technologies -- 16. SDG7. New Assessment Methods -- 17. Exit Interview as a Tool to Reduce Staff Turnover in an Organization -- 18. Prospects for the Development of Innovations in Digital Marketing -- 19. Parameters of the Development of Organizational-Economic Processes of Agriculture in the Conditions of Transformation -- 20. Financial Transparency of Economic Activity as a Principle of Corporate Management of Agricultural Enterprises -- 21. Potential Effect of Digitalization of Fixed Asset Management at the Enterprises of the Agro-Industrial Complex -- 22. Shaping Buying Behavior with Regard to Food Selection and Consumption -- 23. Assessment of Adaptation Activity of Agricultural Business Subjects in the Project-based Approach -- 24. Method for Assessing the Economic Efficiency of Digital Technologies in Dairy Farming Considering Changes in Process Parameters -- 25. Marketing of Contemporary Agricultural Businesses: Problems and Growth Prospects -- 26. Agile Project Management as a Factor of Competitiveness of Russian Companies in a Turbulent Economic Environment -- Part 3. Social and legal aspects of the sustainable development of agrarian economy based on digital technologies and smart innovations: staffing, human resources management, and ESG governance -- 27. Agricultural Policy in Russia: Prospects for Transformation in the Context of Deglobalization -- 28. Food Security of Russia in the Context of International Economic Sanctions -- 29. Agricultural Insurance as a Factor of Sustainable Agricultural Development -- 30. Preparing Future Teachers to Use Digital Learning Technologies -- 31. The Problem of Training Digital and Creative Personnel for the Production Sector of the Economy -- 32. Human Resource Management Tools for Companies Based on ESG Guidelines -- 33. Development of Vocational Education in the Context of Sustainable Development of Society -- 34. Theoretical Foundations for Creating a System of Independent Assessment of the Educational Results of Future Teachers -- 35. Regional Labor Market in the Period of Digital Transformation of a Traditionally Agricultural Region: Assessment and Forecasting of the Conjuncture -- 36. ESG-Principles in the Practice of Sustainable Economic Development -- 37. Competition as a Form of Exercising the Right to Entrepreneurial Activity: A Civilistic Aspect -- 38. Legal Presumptions of Good Faith and Reasonableness of Entrepreneurial Activity -- Part 4. Advanced digital technologies, smart innovations, and prospects for their application in the agrarian economies of countries, regions, and organizations in support of food security -- 39. Export Potential of the Region: Problems of Estimation, Modelling, and Forecasting -- 40. Water Resources as a Strategic Factor of the Region's Sustainable Development -- 41. Analysis of the Dependence of Agricultural Production Efficiency in the Regions of Russia on the Availability of Resources Based on the Multidimensional Grouping Method -- 42. Assessment of Consumer Demand for Organic Products in the Moscow Region -- 43. Relationship of Vegetation Indices of Winter Wheat Determined by Digital Device on Different Agricultural Backgrounds in the Chernozem Zone of Stavropol -- 44. Physical Condition of Soil in Sorghum Seeds Depending on Forecrop and Yield in Arid Zone Conditions -- 45. Factors and Conditions for Ensuring the Sustainable Development of Viticulture and Winemaking in Russia -- 46. Using Visual-block Programming Environments to Create Robotic Systems -- 47. Methodological Basis for Assessing Negative Factors of Mineral Extraction on Beds of Rivers and Watercourses -- 48. Development of Land Surveying Science and Education as Factors of Reliable Provision of the Country's Food Security -- 49. Structural Transformation of Accumulation and Consumption in Agricultural Production as the Basis of its New Industrialization -- 50. Directions for Increasing Rice Yield and its Predicting.

The United Nations peacekeeping operations in the context of reviewing the UN's peacebuilding architecture (Carmen Parra, PhD, lecturer in international law, Universidad Abat Oliba CEU, Barcelona, Spain) -- Peacekeeping and conflict prevention : an old principle and a new responsibility (M. Esther Slamanca, MD, associate professor of public international law, Department of Public Law, University of Valladolid, Spain) -- Preventive deployment and early warning in the UN's agenda : the West African region as a scenario for international security ( (Jara Cuadrado, PhD candidate in international security, Instituto Universitario General Gutiérrez Mellado, National University of Distance Learning, Madrid, Spain) -- The future support of the armed forces in peacekeeping operations (Roberto Pereyra-Bordón, PhD, senior professor and faculty coordinator, Inter-American Defense College, Washington, DC, US) -- The attribution of wrongful acts to member states and/or international organizations in peacekeeping operations (Teresa Russo, PhD, aggregate professor of international organization, Department of Legal Science (School of Law), University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy) -- Is robust peacekeeping an answer to the spoiler problem? the case of the expanded UNIFIL (Javier Lion-Bustillo, PhD, part-time lecturer, Department of History of Thought and Political Movements, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain) -- The age of outsourcing : UN peacekeeping operations (Diego Badell-Sánchez, researcher at Esade Center for Public Governance, Esade Business and Law School, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain) -- The new legal challenges facing peacekeeping operations : the role of the ICC (Anna Oriolo, PhD, associate professor of international law, aggregate professor of international criminal law, Department of Legal Sciences, School of Law, University of Salerno, Salerno Italy) -- Cordons sanitaires as instruments for peacekeeping operations (Ana Cristina Gallego-Hernández, PhD, associate professor of public international law, University Centre San Isidoro, Attached University of Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain, and others) -- Peacekeeping and food security : agreements, clashes and challenges (Adriana Fillol, MD, and Gustavo González Geraldino, MD, researcher and assistant professor of public international law and international relations, Public International Law and International Relations Department, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain) -- The EU comprehensive approach to crisis management missions and operations (Carmen Márquez Carrasco, PhD, full tenured professor, Department of Public International Law and International Relations, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain) -- Multilevel operations in the management of asymmetric conflicts : from growing cooperation to a strategic partnership : reflections around the integrated stabilization operations in Mali and Central African Republic (Francisco Jiménez García, PhD, professor of public international law and international relations, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain) -- The role of regional organizations in peacekeeping : shared responsibilities, new roles, and old uncertainties (Lucas J. Ruiz-Díaz, PhD, Universidad de Granada, Grenada, Spain) -- NATO peace support operations : a brief institutional view (Andrés B. Muñoz-Mosquera and Nikoleta P. Chalanouli, legal advisor, director, of the Nato Supreme Headquarters Allied Power, Europe (SHAPE), and others) -- The protection and respect of the cultural heritage and diversity of host countries by United Nations peacekeeping operations : lessons learnt from Mali (Félix Vacas Fernández, associate professor of public international law and international relations, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain) -- World bank and post-conflict activities (Francesco Seatzu, JD, PhD, full tenured professor of international and European law, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy) -- Portugal and peacekeeping : a new foreign policy strategy? (Pedro Ponte E Sous, Department of Political Studies, New University of Lisbon, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities (FCSH-UNL), Lisbon, Portugal, and others) -- Peacekeeping and the global war on terrorism (Michel Liegeois, PhD and Murat Caliskan, MD, professor, Faculty of Economic, Social, and Political Sciences and Communication, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgic, Belgium, and others) -- Women in peacekeeping : challenges ahead and adopted measures (Alfonso J. Iglesias-Velasco, PhD, senior lecture of public international law, Department of Public Law and Legal Philosophy, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain) -- Gender mainstreaming in NATO peace support : impacts and challenges of gender in international peace and security policies (Iker Zirion-Landaluze, PhD, assistant professor of public international law and international relations, Department of Public International Law and International Relations, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Spain) -- Peacekeeping and sexual violence : a complex mandate of limited effectiveness(Isabel Lirola-Delgado, PhD, professor of public international law, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain) -- Should we share? the United Nations and troop-contributing states facing international responsibility for the sexual crimes committed by peacekeepers (Raquel Regueiro, PhD, Department of Public International Law and Private International Law, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain) -- EU international crisis management and human rights (Pablo Aantonio Fernández-Sánchez, PhD, full tenured professor of public international law and international relations, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain) -- Operation Sophia : a point of inflection in the migrant smuggling in the Mediterranean Sea (María Isabel Nieto-Fernández, PhD, UNISCI/adjunct professor in political science and international relations, Social Science Departament, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain) -- Child protection in peacekeeping operations (Rocío Alamillos Sánchez, MD, and Laura García Martín, MD, PhD candidate, International Public Law Department, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain, and others) -- Peacekeeping operations challenges and economic impacts : a Nigerian perspective (Sani Safiyanu, Roy Anthony Rogers, PhD and Muhammad Danial Azman, PhD, Department of International and Strategic Studies , University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

Inhaltsangabe: Einleitung: Der Hintergrund einen geeigneten und attraktiven Investitionsstandort zu finden ist das Bestreben nach mehr Wirtschaftswachstum und Wohlstand. Staaten bemühen sich daher um Direktinvestitionen von ausländischen Unternehmen oder um hoch qualifizierte Arbeitskräfte. Gerade bei diesen Produktionsfaktoren ist die Standortfrage sehr wichtig. Unternehmen bauen keine Produktionskapazitäten in einem Land auf, in dem zum Beispiel die Infrastruktur nur unzureichend ausgeprägt ist. Staaten haben daher das Bestreben, ihre Attraktivität als Investitionsstandort oder Arbeitsstandort zu erhöhen. Es wird im Allgemeinen davon ausgegangen, dass Unternehmen die Attraktivität des Investitionsstandortes beispielsweise an der Qualifikation der Arbeitskräfte, an der Höhe der Löhne, an der Höhe der Steuern, an der Qualität der Infrastruktur oder an eventuellen Regulierungen messen. In der Entscheidung für ein Unternehmen, welchen Standort es wählt, spielen verschiedene Punkte eine Rolle. Diese Punkte findet man vor allem im Konzept des Risikomanagements wieder, daher möchte ich zuerst erläutern was unter dem Begriff des Risikomanagement zu verstehen ist. Unter Risikomanagement wird die Messung und Streuung aller betriebswirtschaftlichen Risiken unternehmensweit verstanden. Die Gründe für ein Risikomanagement sind vielschichtig und komplex. Da die Ursachen für das Betreiben Auswirkungen auf Art und Weise der Ausgestaltung eines Risikomanagements haben. Zu diesem Zweck werden die Gründe in folgende Kategorien unterteilt: - Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen. - Volkswirtschaftliche Ursachen. - Technologischer Fortschritt. Zu den rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen gehört insbesondere das Gesetz zur Kontrolle und Transparenz in Unternehmen (KonTraG), welches durch eine Erweiterung des Aktien und GmbH-Gesetzes die Sorgfaltspflichten der Unternehmensführung erweitert und den Ausweis der Unternehmensrisiken im Lagebericht fordert. Diese rechtliche Grundlage betrifft in erster Linie Nichtbanken (Industrie, Dienstleistung, Handel). Für Banken stellt Basel II die aktuelle bzw. zukünftige Rechtsgrundlage für die Ausgestaltung des Risikomanagements dar. Eine mögliche weitere Rechtsgrundlage stellt der Corporate Governance dar. International finden sich ähnliche rechtliche Anforderungen beispielsweise im Sarbanes-Oxley Act, einer Rechnungslegungsvorschrift für Unternehmen, die an US-Börsen gelistet sind. Die volkswirtschaftlichen Ursachen, liegen im Wesentlichen in den veränderten Rahmenbedingungen der Finanzmärkte durch Einführung neuer Finanzmarktinstrumente, Abschaffung fixer Wechselkurse sowie allgemein einer zunehmenden gesetzlichen Deregulierung der Finanzmärkte. Schließlich äußert sich der technologische Fortschritt in erster Linie durch eine schnelle Informationsverbreitung durch elektronische Medien und Internet. Aber auch die von Unternehmen hergestellten Produkte veraltern durch neue Technologien schneller, wodurch Produktrisiken steigen und sich Produktzyklen verkürzen. Im Ergebnis nehmen durch den ständigen technologischen Fortschritt die Informationsverbreitung und damit die Globalisierung erheblich an Geschwindigkeit zu. Die Folgen der Globalisierung und den verkürzten Lebenszyklen äußern sich in zahlreichen Unternehmensinsolvenzen der vergangenen Jahre. Ein professionelles Risikomanagement erfordert die Zusammenarbeit von Wissenschaftlern und Praktikern unterschiedlicher Disziplinen. Dazu zählen insbesondere Ökonomen, Mathematiker, Naturwissenschaftler aber auch Informatiker. Die größte Herausforderung des Risikomanagements besteht darin, das heterogene Spezialwissen zu vernetzen und auf die Unternehmensziele auszurichten. Auch immer mehr kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen wollen und müssen sich international orientieren, um neue Märkte zu erschließen oder Geschäftsprozesse zu optimieren. Die internationale Markterschließung ist allerdings im Vergleich zum Inlandsgeschäft mit zusätzlichen Anforderungen verbunden, die zu berücksichtigen sind. So spielen Fragen technischer oder rechtlicher Art beim Export von Produkten ebenso eine Rolle wie kulturelle Unterschiede oder Sprachprobleme bei Geschäftsverhandlungen im Ausland. Besonders erfolgreiche Geschäfte machen die Unternehmen in den EU-15/EFTA-Ländern, in Asien und in den zehn neuen EU-Mitgliedstaaten. Die aktuelle Geschäftssituation als auch die weiteren Perspektiven auf den europäischen Zielmärkten wird als besonders positiv eingeschätzt. Vom erweiterten EU-Markt verspricht man sich vor allem Zukunftspotenzial: Hier sieht man gute Chancen in Polen (78%), Tschechien (75%) und Ungarn (61%). Weltweit wird die größte Dynamik der Geschäftsentwicklung in China (heute 52,4%, zukünftig 80,6%), Russland (heute 38,6%, zukünftig 68,6%) sowie Indien (heute 29,6%, zukünftig 50%) stattfinden. Es lohnt sich für Unternehmen, gleich welcher Größenordnung und Branche, sich neue Wachstumsziele durch die Erschließung internationaler Märkte zu setzten. Um diese Ziele zu erreichen ist eine gründliche Vorbereitung notwendig, es müssen passende Geschäftspartner gefunden werden, eingehende Informationen über den Markt, sowie geeignetes Fachpersonal gefunden werden. Des Weiteren muss ein ausgearbeitetes Geschäftskonzept, das die Grundlage für zukunftsweisende und wachstumsorientierte unternehmerische Entscheidungen darstellt, entworfen werden. Es eröffnet sich im Ausland eine Vielzahl von Chancen. Die Risiken sind bei gründlicher Vorbereitung meist überschaubar und kontrollierbar. Investitionschancen im europäischen Wirtschaftsraum: Mit der Erweiterung der Europäischen Union auf 27 Mitgliedstaaten ist der europäische Wirtschaftsraum der größte gemeinsame Markt der Welt. Zwei Drittel des gesamten EU-Handels entfallen auf den Handel zwischen den Mitgliedstaaten. Die exportorientierte deutsche Wirtschaft profitiert hiervon in besonderem Maße: Im Jahr 2005 wurden von Deutschland Waren im Wert von fast 500 Mrd. Euro in die Mitgliedstaaten exportiert. Neben den Waren kommt auch den Dienstleistungen eine immer größere Bedeutung für den europäischen Binnenmarkt zu. Dienstleistungen stellen mittlerweile 60 bis 70% der wirtschaftlichen Aktivität der EU dar und sind damit auch ein wichtiger Beschäftigungsfaktor. Ein funktionierender Binnenmarkt ist die Voraussetzung dafür, dass die europäische Wirtschaftskraft weiter steigt. Er ist nicht nur Grundlage für die internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der europäischen Unternehmen, sondern sichert Arbeitsplätze und bietet soziale Sicherheit in Zeiten der Globalisierung. So haben der freie Waren-, Dienstleistungs-, Kapital und Personenverkehr bei den 457 Mio. Verbrauchern in Europa zu einem höheren Lebensstandard geführt. Sie können heute günstiger einkaufen, Dienstleistungen in Anspruch nehmen oder einfacher reisen als noch vor 20 Jahren. Der maßgeblich auf einem funktionierenden Binnenmarkt beruhenden Wirtschaftsraum Europa ist damit ein Eckpfeiler unseres sozialen Wohlstands. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Bachelorarbeit besteht darin, einen direkten Ländervergleich der Länder Polen und Russlands aufzuzeigen und somit mögliche Risiken und Hemmnisse zu veranschaulichen. Im Rahmen dieser Analyse werden vor allem die Komponenten des Länderrisikos zur Beurteilung herangezogen. Durch die Erweiterung der Europäischen Union im Mai 2004 und weiterer Erweiterungsrunden um die Staaten Osteuropas muss ein Umdenken in den multinationalen Unternehmen innerhalb der bisherigen Geschäftspolitik erfolgen. Diese Arbeit stellt mit ihrer aktuellen Brisanz einen wissenschaftlichen Beitrag mit erheblicher Praxisrelevanz für die hiesigen Unternehmen dar. Gleichwohl kann diese Arbeit nur einen begrenzten Einblick in die Komplexität der Thematik gewähren. Das ist insbesondere mit der Fülle von Informationen verbunden, die eine Investitionsentscheidung beeinflussen. Daher ist es erforderlich, sich auf die Verwertung wesentlicher Informationen zu beschränken. Durch die zum großen Teil analysierende Vorgehensweise hat die Verarbeitung statistischer Daten einen besonderen Stellenwert. Darauf aufbauend können gute Erkenntnisse über die Bedingungen in den osteuropäischen Transformationsländern gewonnen und schließlich Investitionsentscheidungshilfen abgeleitet werden.Inhaltsverzeichnis:Inhaltsverzeichnis: InhaltsverzeichnisII AbbildungsverzeichnisIV 1.Einführung1 1.1Themenstellung und Relevanz3 1.2Investitionschancen im europäischen Wirtschaftsraum4 2.Russland als attraktiver Markt für ausländische Investoren/Unternehmen6 2.1Investitionsklima7 2.2Konsumklima8 2.3Allgemeine Wirtschaftsentwicklungen Russlands9 2.3.1Entwicklung des Bruttoinlandsprodukts10 2.4Länderrisiken13 2.4.1Politische Risikokomponenten14 2.4.2Wirtschaftliche Risikokomponenten17 2.5Überblick der Geschäftsentwicklung zwischen Deutschland und Russland19 2.5.1Exportstruktur22 2.5.2Importstruktur24 3.Polen als attraktiver Markt für ausländische Investoren/Unternehmen27 3.1.Investitionsklima28 3.2Konsumklima30 3.3Allgemeine Wirtschaftsentwicklung Polens31 3.3.1Entwicklung des Bruttoinlandsproduktes31 3.4Länderrisiken37 3.4.1Politische Risikokomponenten37 3.4.2Wirtschaftspolitische Veränderungen39 3.4.3Wirtschaftliche Risikokomponenten41 3.5Überblick der Geschäftsentwicklung zwischen Deutschland und Polen43 3.5.2Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit44 3.5.3Exportstruktur45 3.5.4Importstruktur46 4.Risikopotenziale/Erkennung48 4.1Risikoindikatoren51 4.1.1Quantitative Risikoindikatoren51 4.1.2Qualitative Risikoindikatoren52 5.Russland vs. Polen52 5.1Index of Economic Freedom53 5.2Global Competitiveness Index (GCI)56 5.3Ease of doing business58 5.4Corruption Perception Index64 5.5Worldwide Governance Indicators - Corruption control66 6.Risikokennzahlen68 6.1Business Environment Risk Intelligence Index (Beri-Index)68 6.2Value at Risk (VaR)/Cash Flow at Risk71 7.Risikoanalyse Russland und Polen im Ländervergleich72 8.Ausblick78 Anhang83 Literaturverzeichnis96Textprobe:Textprobe: Kapitel 3.5, Überblick der Geschäftsentwicklung zwischen Deutschland und Polen: Deutschland ist seit vielen Jahren der mit Abstand wichtigste Handelspartner Polens. Umgekehrt ist Polen einer der bedeutendste Handelspartner Deutschlands in Mittel- und Osteuropa. 2006 stieg der Umsatz im bilateralen Handel um 26,4% auf 49,4 Mrd. EURO. Die deutsche Ausfuhr nach Polen betrug 2006 28,8 Mrd. EURO, die Einfuhr aus Polen belief sich auf 20,7 Mrd. EURO. Polen exportiert vor allem Maschinen, Fahrzeuge, Haushaltsgeräte, Lebensmittel und Möbel; deutsche Firmen führen insbesondere Maschinen, Anlagen, Fahrzeuge, Chemie - und Kunststofferzeugnisse aus. 2006 rangierte Polen bei der deutschen Ausfuhr auf dem 10. Platz, Polen bei der deutschen Einfuhr auf der 13. Stelle. Auch im ersten Halbjahr 2007 stieg der bilaterale Handel um weitere 25% an. Deutsche Investitionen in Polen: In der Rangliste der wichtigsten Investoren liegt Deutschland mit ganz vorne. Die kumulierten Direktinvestitionen in Polen von mindestens 1 Mio. Euro belaufen sich seit dem Systemwechsel 1989/ 1990 auf etwa 12 Mrd. Euro (davon im Jahr 2006 - 2,7 Mrd. Euro). Schwerpunkt größerer deutscher Investitionen in Polen sind: Automobilindustrie und Maschinenbau, Chemie und Pharma, Banken und Versicherungen, Groß- und Einzelhandel, sowie Energie. Dazu kommen die statistisch nicht erfassten Investitionen kleiner und mittlerer Unternehmen von weniger als 1 Mio. Euro, insbesondere in der Grenzregion. Danach dürfte Deutschland in der Summe und in der Zahl nach das führende Herkunftsland ausländischen Kapitals in Polen sein. Unter den neuen EU- Mitgliedsstaaten konnte Polen 2006 den höchsten Zufluss ausländischen Kapitals in Höhe von 12 Mrd. Euro (ohne Transitkapital; Schwerpunkte: Niederschlesien, Großraum Lodz, Wojewodschaft, Malopolskie, sowie 14 Sonderwirtschaftszonen im grenznahen Raum zu Deutschland) verzeichnen. Deutsche Unternehmen sehen Polen als einen Markt mit beachtlichen Wachstumsraten und Ertragschancen. Zu den Stärken Polens gehört das umfassende Regelwerk, die hohen Fördermitteln, die Größe des polnischen Binnenmarkts mit 38,2 Mio. Einwohner, die relativ niedrigen Steuersätze, die gute Ausbildung der Fachkräfte, das vergleichsweise günstige Lohnniveau für die meisten Fachkräfte, sowie die Existenz von Sonderwirtschaftszonen mit erheblichen Steuervergünstigungen. Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit: Deutschland unterstützt Polens wirtschaftlichen Aufholprozess auf vielfältige Weise. Im Rahmen der EU, der Polen seit 2004 angehört, leistet Deutschland als größter Nettozahler einen wichtigen Beitrag für die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung Polens. Auch fördert Deutschland Polen über Programme der Weltbank, der Europäischen Bank für Wiederaufbau und Entwicklung sowie des Internationalen Währungsfonds. Vor dem EU-Beitritt Polens war Deutschland für die Heranführung Polens an die EU, die Verbesserung der Rahmenbedingungen für die Marktwirtschaft sowie die Förderung des Unternehmenssektors durch Umstrukturierung und Privatisierung eingetreten. Auch die Bundesländer haben sich in vielfältiger Weise engagiert. Hervorzuheben ist auch die regionale und grenznahe Zusammenarbeit. Eine regelmäßig tagende Regierungskommission, an der deutsche Bundesländer und polnische Wojewodschaften beteiligt sind, koordiniert die Aktivitäten. Zugleich ist eine Reihe von Fachgremien tätig (unter anderem zum Ausbau der Grenzübergänge und zu gemeinsamer Planung von Verkehrswegen, Straßen- und Güterverkehr, Umweltrat, Oder-Probleme, Binnen- und Seeschifffahrt). Der Wegfall der Personenkontrollen an der deutsch-polnischen Grenze zu Jahresende wird die grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit weiter erleichtern Exportstruktur: Angesichts der starken Exportorientierung vieler ausländischer Direktinvestitionen hat sich die polnische Ausfuhr seit den 1990er Jahren international umorientiert sowie quantitativ und qualitativ stark verändert. Fand 1989 der Austausch zu etwa 35% mit der damaligen östlichen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft RGW statt, so werden heute zwei Drittel des Außenhandels mit der Europäischen Union abgewickelt. Davon wiederum entfällt ein beträchtlicher Teil auf Deutschland. Die Exportquote der polnischen Wirtschaft ist kontinuierlich angestiegen und betrug im Jahr 2007 etwa 27% (zum Vergleich, die der Deutschen liegt bei 32%). Das Wachstum des Außenhandelvolumens ging mit einer drastischen Veränderung in der Güterstruktur des Außenhandels einher. Bei den Exporten dominieren inzwischen eindeutig Güter des verarbeiteten Gewerbes, während der Anteil an Primärgütern stark geschrumpft ist. Nahrungsmittel konnten noch ein bestimmtes Gewicht halten, während die Ausfuhr von Rohstoffen und mineralischen Brennstoffen ihre ursprüngliche Bedeutung fast vollständig eingebüßt haben. Der starke Bedeutungszuwachs der Industrieexporte bezieht sich vor allem auf die Ausfuhr von Fahrzeugen, elektronischen und elektrotechnischen Produkten sowie Erzeugnisse der Maschinenbauindustrie. Der Trend in Richtung technologisch anspruchsvoller Exportgüter ist eindeutig. Mit ausländischem Kapital, oft von Grund auf errichtete Firmen, so vor allem im Automobil- und Elektroniksektor, haben wie bereits erwähnt einen sehr hohen Anteil am polnischen Exporterfolg. Inzwischen ist der Export nach der Inlandsnachfrage und den Investitionen nur noch das dritte Standbein des Wirtschaftsbooms. Noch vor drei Jahren war dies umgekehrt. Allerdings konnte der Export 2006 mit einer Zuwachsrate von 23% fast den Spitzenwert 2005 (25%) erreichen. Deutschland ist in der Exportstatistik seit Jahren führend; allerdings hat sich der Anteil am Ausfuhrvolumen 2006 leicht auf 27,2% (2005: 28,4%) verringert. Importstruktur: Die Importstruktur ist geprägt vom Bedarf der polnischen Industrie an qualitativ hochwertigen Vorprodukten und der starken Nachfrage nach insbesondere langlebigen Konsumgütern und Investitionsgütern. Dementsprechend sind Maschinen und Transportmittel auch beim Import die am raschesten wachsende Warengruppe: Ihr Anteil stieg zwischen 1995 und 2003 von 29,9% auf 38,0%. Beim Import hat Deutschland seinen Stellenwert als Polens wichtigster Handelspartner 2006 mit 24% behaupten können. Dahinter folgten Russland mit 9,7%, Italien mit 6,8% und China mit 6,1%. Polen importierte 2006 aus Deutschland laut des polnischen Wirtschaftsministeriums vor allem Erzeugnisse der Elektro- und Maschinenbauindustrie, auf die ein Anteil von 41,85% entfiel. Produkte der Chemieindustrie folgten weit ab mit 20,53% vor solchen der Metallindustrie (15,95%), Holz und Papier (5,38%), Agrarprodukten und Nahrungsmitteln (4,41%), Mineralprodukten (3,83%), Erzeugnissen der Leichtindustrie (3,63%), Keramik (1,86%), Leder und Waren (0,42%) sowie Sonstigen (2,14%). Zu den deutschen Lieferprodukten mit den größten Zuwächsen zählten Erze sowie Schlacken und Aschen (+253,2%), Getreide (+252,1%), Kupfer und Waren (+236,8%), Zink und Waren (+212,6%) sowie Teppiche und andere Fußbodenbeläge aus Spinnstoffen (+192,3%). Polen weist derzeit ein relativ hohes Defizit in seiner Zahlungsbilanz aus. Hauptgrund: Die Importnachfrage entwickelt sich angesichts hoher Investitionen schneller als die Exporte. Viele dieser Investitionen stärken allerdings die polnische Exportwirtschaft, so dass sich Wachstumseffekte mittelfristig auch auf der Ausfuhrseite niederschlagen sollten. Kurzfristig aber könnte sich das Zahlungsbilanzdefizit von voraussichtlich etwa 4,5% (Ende 2007) sogar noch um bis zu 3 Prozentpunkte ausweiten (bis Jahresende 2008).

Approaching bioelectrochemical systems to real facilities within the framework of CO2 valorization and biogas upgrading -- Water Energy Nexus in the Gulf: A Complex Network of Multi-Level Interdependencies -- A risk assessment approach for water-energy systems -- Estimating the declining discount rate for the economic evaluation of projects in the energy and water sectors -- Towards resilience-informed decision making in critical infrastructure networks -- Short-term forecasting of tank water levels serving urban water distribution networks with ARIMA models -- Energy balance in the water cycle in Italy: state of the art and perspectives -- Water Energy Nexus: evalutation of the enviromental impact in the national and international scenarios -- Water scarcity and shale gas prospects in Tunisia – potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on regional water stress -- "Energy performance of Italian urban water systems" -- Analysis of the Economic Net Benefit of Green Infrastructure by Comparing the Water-retentive Block and the Normal Block -- Levering industry and professional qualifications over water efficiency and water-energy nexus in buildings -- WEFSiM: A Model for Water-Energy-Food Nexus Simulation and Optimization -- Assessment of rain harvesting and RES desalination for meeting water needs in an Island in Greece -- Grounding Nexus Governance: de-nexused developments in Nepal -- Maximizing water-food-energy nexus synergies at Basin Scale -- Visualizing CO2 to Account for Emission Obligation in Power Systems -- Selection of key characteristics for crops to deal with climate change through quality function deployment -- Combined electrodialysis and photo-electro-chlorination for energy efficient control of brine water -- Hydrogen production in electro membrane bioreactors -- Use of high-valent metal species produced by the Fenton (-like) reactions in water treatment -- Photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds by visible light-illuminated g-C3N4-AQ in combination with Fe(III) -- Microalgae-based processes as an energy efficient platform for water reclamation and resource recovery -- "Ozonation in the Framework of Sustainable Future Water Management" -- Pilot study for Spiral wound -pvdf supported UF membranes for brackish water desalination system -- Energy monitoring of a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Salerno, Campania region (Southern Italy) -- Sulfate radicals-based technology as a promising strategy for wastewater management -- Fluoxetine and pirimicarb abatement by ecofriendly electro-Fenton process -- Diversity and performance of sulphate reducing bacteria in acid mine drainage remediation systems -- Sustainable materials for affordable point-of-use water purification -- Self-forming dynamic membrane: a review -- Influence of membrane flux, ultrasonic frequency and recycle ratio in the hybrid process USAMe -- Using Water-Energy nexus as greenhouse gas emissions mitigation tool in wastewater treatment plants -- Corrosion behavior of carbon steel in the presence of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilm in reclaimed water -- Development of Pilot-Scale Photocatalytic Reactor Employing Novel TiO2 Epoxy Grains for Wastewater Treatment -- Evaluation of fungal white-rot strains for assisting in algal harvest in wastewater -- Event scale modelling of experimental green roofs runoff in a Mediterranean environment -- Advanced technologies for satellite monitoring of water resources -- Tannery wastewater treatment after biological pretreatment by using electrochemical oxidation -- Numerical modelling of integrated OMBR-NF hybrid system for simultaneous wastewater reclamation and brine management -- Climate, soil moisture and drainage layer properties impact on green roofs in a Mediterranean environment -- Orthophosphate vs bicarbonate for buffering the acidification in a bromide enhanced ozonation of ammonia nitrogen -- New approach with fluidized bed reactor using low-cost pyrophillite/alumina composite membrane for industrial wastewater treatment -- Impact of seasonality on quorum quenching efficacy and stability for biofouling control in membrane bioreactors -- Surface modification of RO desalination membrane using ZnO nanoparticles of different morphologies to mitigate fouling -- Nutrient removal and biomass production by immobilized Chlorella vulgaris -- Treatment of printed circuit board wastewater containing copper and nickel ions by fluidized-bed homogeneous granulation process -- Investigation of the synthesis and adsorption kinetics of biochar-supported Fe3-xMnxO4 for imidacloprid pesticide removal -- A kinetic study of calcium carbonate granulation through fluidized-bed homogeneous process for removal of calcium-hardness from raw and tap waters -- Destruction of selected pharmaceuticals with peroxydisulfate (Pds): An influence of Pds activation methods -- Non-destructive in-situ fouling monitoring in membrane processes -- Preparation of TiO2/SiO2 ceramic membranes via sol-gel dip coating for the treatment of produced wastewater -- Multicriteria evaluation of novel technologies for organic micropollutants removal in advanced water reclamation schemes for indirect potable reuse -- Environmental or economic considerations in photo-Fenton processes: what choice has the most notable benefits for large scale applications? -- Optimization of energy consumption in activated sludge process using deep learning selective modeling -- Electrochemical sensors for emerging contaminants: diclofenac preconcentration and detection on paper-based electrodes -- Optimization of the wastewater treatment plant: from energy saving to environmental impact mitigation -- Influence of microalgae-bacteria consortium on the pathogens removal (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) in domestic wastewater -- Fuzzy-assisted ultrafiltration of wastewater from milk industries -- Performance of Electro-Fenton water treatment technology in decreasing zebrafish embryotoxicity elicited by a mixture of organic contaminants -- "An overview of photocatalytic drinking water treatment" -- Solar Light Initiated Photoinactivation of E.coli: Influence of Natural Organic Matter -- Molecular size distribution profiles of organic matrix in reverse osmosis concentrate under oxidative and non-oxidative conditions -- Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of Humic Acids using Copper Doped TiO2 -- Hyperspectral Monitoring of a Constructed Wetland as a Tertiary Treatment in a Wastewater Treatment Plant for Domestic Sewage -- Applicability of WQI and scientific communication for conservation of River Ganga System in India -- Techno-economic feasibility of membrane bioreactor (MBR) -- Electrochemical wastewater treatment with SnO2-based electrodes: a review -- Statistical analysis of the quality indicators of the Danube River water (in Romania) -- Statistical analysis of the water quality of the major rivers in India -- Methane and hydrogen production from cotton wastes in dark fermentation process under anaerobic and microaerobic conditions -- Microalgae production coupled with simulated black water treatment -- Waterborne diseases in Sebou watershed -- Chances and barriers of wastewater heat recovery from a multidisciplinary perspective -- Mine water in the closure of a coal basin: From waste to potential resources -- Water Pollution by Polyclorinated Biphenyls from the Energy Sector of Armenia -- Semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of orange peel waste: preliminary results -- Nonwoven wet wipes can be hazardous substances in wastewater systems – evidences from a field measurement campaign in Berlin, Germany -- Wastewater to energy: Relating granule size and biogas production of UASB reactors treating municipal wastewater -- CO2 bio-fixation by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using different periodic CO2 dosing strategies -- A suggestion on nutrient removal/recovery from source separated human urine using clinoptilolite combined with anaerobic processing -- Niches for Bioelectrochemical systems in wastewater treatment plants -- Degradation of Gaseous VOCs by Ultrasonication: Effect of Water Recirculation and Ozone Addition -- Optimal Chlorination Station Scheduling in an Operating Water Distribution Network Using GANetXL -- Utilization of microalgae cultivated in municipal wastewater for CO2 fixation from power plant flue gas and lipid production -- Techno-economic Assessment of Combined Heat and Power Units Fueled by Waste Vegetable Oil for Wastewater Treatment Plants: a Real Case Study -- Eco-LCA of Biological Wastewater Treatments Focused on Energy Recovery -- Optimization of nutrient recovery from synthetic swine wastewater using Response Surface Methodology -- Enzymatic pre-treatment of chicken manure for improved biogas yield -- Integration of liquid-liquid membrane contactors and electrodialysis for ammonia recovery from urban wastewaters -- Remediation of water contaminated by Pb(II) using virgin coniferous wood biochar as adsorbent -- A simplified model to simulate a bioaugmented anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass -- Dissolved oxygen perturbations: a new strategy to enhance the removal of organic micropollutants in activated sludge process -- PFOA and PFOS removal processes in activated sludge reactor at laboratory scale -- Selectrodialysis and ion-exchange resins as integration processes for copper and zinc recovery from metallurgical streams containing arsenic -- Microalgae cultivation for pretreatemnt of pharmaceutical wastewater associated with microbial fuel cell and Biomass feed stock production -- Embryotoxicity and molecular alterations of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in early zebrafish larvae -- Biological Treatment of Municipal Wastewater Using Green Microalgae and Activated Sludge as Combined Culture -- Fouling morphologies on the ion-exchange membranes in reverse electridialysis with effluent from sewage treatment plant -- Co-composting Biosolids and Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste or C

Inhaltsangabe: Academics, students, the media and the public have been increasingly drawn to China and India in recent years. Both countries were considered sleeping giants and are now turning into the motors of global economic growth. China and India are both ancient civilizations with a rich history and were among the largest economic powers until European colonization in the 19th century. After Indian independence in 1947 and the establishment of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949 both countries shared the view that economic development should be achieved through a self-sustaining economy led and controlled by the government. In the following decades the share of Chinese and Indian global trade decreased significantly. Economic reform in China and India in 1978 and 1991 respectively resulted in an increasing integration into global markets and triggered large economic growth. However China and India differ in many ways. On the one hand China started its reforms 13 years earlier than India. Due to early establishment of Special Economic Zones (SEZ), strong connections with oversea Chinese in Taiwan and the abundance of cheap labor China was able to position itself as the manufacturing center of the world. India on the other side still lacks the degree of integration in global markets, and the structure of labor and bankruptcy laws, red-tape and poor infrastructure are just some obstacles for further Indian development. In addition, India and China are built on different approaches of governance. India is a democracy which makes it more difficult to introduce pragmatic laws, yet easier to absorb exogenous shocks. China on the other side is solely ruled by the Communist Party of China. As a result it is easier to adopt new policies, but on the other side legitimization to govern is limited and connected to economic growth. A closer analysis of China reveals the existence of several influential interest groups and lobbyists which makes governing China a balancing act in itself yet this will not be subject of this study. China and India both face serious principal-agent problems when it comes to enforcing laws and due to large heterogeneous populations, governing each country is a complex challenge. Today, according to GDP in PPP data China and India rank 2nd and 4th respectively globally. Their share is likely to improve and they are expected to become the world's biggest energy importers and CO2 emitters. The rise of the two nations can be interpreted as a shift of power from the Western Hemisphere towards Asia resulting in major challenges for the international community but also in a regional Asian context. It is very important to note that although China and India are both rising at the same point of time, they are rising in a different pace. China outperforms India in almost every indicator of economic development. It is the key aim of this study to point out this asymmetry between China and India. Another question is, if India is capable of catching up with China in the future and its effects to Sino-Indian relations. In that context noting the mutual perception of India and China is important. To some extent, China dealt with India only as a regional issue, having delegates of provincial governments meet with Indian federal counterparts. On the other side India and China cooperated in international forums, most recently during the Copenhagen summit in 2009, which is an indicator for equal perception. On the other side signs for future tensions can be derived from military modernization programs and competition over natural resources. Analyzing the bilateral trade between China and India serves to increase the understanding of the nature of Sino-Indian relations. It is important to note that the economic structure of India and China differs significantly. Economic aspects are also just one facet of Sino-Indian relations. However heterogeneity is always a common element in every study and although abstraction leads to a loss of information it is a necessary tool to understand Sino-Indian relations. Analyzing bilateral commodity trade provides insight in the intensity of bilateral trade, and intra-industry indices and relative comparative advantage indices provide insight in the complementary and competitive element of bilateral trade relations. Another important aspect is the role of China and India in third markets. India and China are major trade nations, yet the latter outperforms the former significantly. Nevertheless third-market trade reveals possible areas of competition and cooperation. Matching trade baskets are indicators for competitive third-market trade. A dynamic analysis provides insight if the possibility of competition in third markets is increasing and predictions can be derived from it. However it is important to note that commodity trade data are imperfect and the presented results must be regarded critically since they are only an approximation of real international trade. The share of informal economic activities is very high, and differences between international databases are also remarkable. It is important to note that databases receive their information from the very country, and regarding India and China it is particularly in question if they are able or willing to generate and provide accurate data. In addition remittances and triangular trade is not captured by commodity trade databases which are particularly high in the case of India. Hongkong also appears as a separate unit in the trade data. Although it is legally part of China and serves as a major trade hub it will not be recognized in this study. Although China regards Taiwan as a Chinese province it will be analyzed as an independent country. Due to poor availability of bilateral service data, it will not be recognized to the extent as desired. The hypothesis of this study is that there exists a substantial asymmetric component in Sino-Indian relations favoring China. In the long run more symmetric relations are possible to emerge, and India is already catching up yet policy changes could increase this process significantly. Defining India and China as competitors or partners presupposes equality to a certain extend. The last section of this study discusses this question and provides a brief outlook of possible areas of competition and partnership. However it has to be kept in mind that Indian-Chinese relations are a complex matter and providing a simple yes or no answer is not aim of this study.Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: I.Introduction II.Historical Overview II.Comparing India and China IV.Chinese-Indian Bilateral Trade Relations V.China and India in Third Markets VI.ConclusionTextprobe:Text Sample: Latin America: Chinese and Indian trade with Brazil reveals that Chinese exports were 6.8 times larger than India's in 2004. However the gap decreased to a ratio of 5.7:1 in 2008. Both countries have shown large growth rates in their exports in this time period accounting 49.2%(China) and 53.5%(India) respectively. Brazil is not a major import partner for India. Chinas imports from Brazil increased significantly faster than India's. In 2004 Chinese imports were 13 times larger than Indian but the ratio increased to 25.7 in 2008. Chinas average import growth rate (32.9%) also exceeded India's (10.2%). With respect to possible areas of competition, 28 (Metalliferous Ore, Scarp) and 67 (Iron and Steel) are both major import goods for the two countries.28 (Metalliferous Ore, Scarp) accounts for 47.7 % of Chinese and 20.1% of India's imports from Brazil. On the export side, India and China are likely to face competition in the area of 65 (Textile Yarn, Fabric,ect). However China was able sign major deals with Brazil in 2010 and is expected to continue its relative dominance in Brazil. India's main export good to Brazil is 33 (Petroleum, Petrol.Product) accounting 49.1% of total exports. Chinas main export good to Brazil is 76 (Telecomm. Sound Equip ect), accounting 16.7%. Chinas exports to Argentina exceeded India's by the factor 8.1 in 2004 and increased further to 13.2 in 2008. On the import side China also gained relatively to India, increasing the China-India ratio from 6.5 in 2004 to 15.8 in 2008. Regarding import trends it is noteworthy that India's imports from Argentina have been decreasing between 18-25% during 2006-2008 while Chinas imports increased ranging from 48% to 78%. Analyzing the trade baskets reveals that competition in 42 (Fixed Veg. Fats and Oils) and 61 (Leather, Leather Goods) is likely to occur regarding imports. On the export side 51 (Organic Chemicals), which is the main export article for both countries accounting 15.3% of Chinas exports and 16% of India's exports is a potential area of competition. Chinas exports to Chile were 16.1 times larger than India's in 2004 and 14.9 times larger in 2008. China's imports exceeded India's by the factor of 11.9 in 2004 and by 6.4 in 2008. Regarding imports, China increased its imports from Chile by 24% annually on average, while India's imports were quite volatile. Between 2005 and 2006 India's imports increased by 300%. This can be traced back to trade agreements between India and Chile, since imports stayed on the level. However growth rates slowed down to 22% the following year and decreased by 7% between 2007 and 2008. Analyzing the trade baskets of China and India reveals 68 (Non-Ferrous Metals), 28 (Metalliferous Ore, Scarp) and 52 (Inorganic Chemicals) as possible fields of import competition. On the export side, 84 (Clothing and Assessories) and 65 (Textile Yarn, Fabric,ect ) are possible areas of competition. Therefore in Latin America, there is also a large gap between the involvement of India and China. Only in Chile indicators reveal relative increases of Indian importance as a trade partner. On the other side several areas of possible competition can be identified including 28 (Metalliferous Ore, Scarp), 52 (Inorganic Chemicals), 67 (Iron and Steel), 68 (Non-Ferrous Metals), 74 (General Industl. Mach. Nes), 79 (Other Transport Equipment) and 87 (Scientific Equipment nes) on the import side and 51 (Organic Chemicals), 65 (Textile Yarn, Fabric,ect), 84 (Clothing and Assessories ) and 89 (Misc Manufactured Goods, nes ) on the export side . EU27: The European Union is the largest trade partner of China and also one of the largest partners of India.Chinas exports to EU27 were 7.9 times larger than India's in 2004. The gap increased slightly to 8.4 in 2008. Chinese imports outperformed India's by the factor of 2.8 in 2004 and decreased the factor 2.5 in 2008. Analyzing the trade baskets reveals that both countries list 74(General Industl. Mach. Nes), 77 (Elec Mch Appar,Parts, nes), 72(Special. Indust. Machinery) and 79 (Other Transport Equipment) as their major import goods from Europe. On the export side, 84 (Clothing and Assessories) is a possible area of competition, since it is India's first and China's third largest export commodity to Europe. Africa: Chinas exports to Nigeria exceeds India's by the factor of 3.18 in 2004 and by 4.9 in 2008. Regarding imports a major shift occurred during the time of analyzis. In 2004 Chinese imports exceeded India's by the factor 8.7. However since 2006 Indian imports started to surge (increased by 900% in one year, because of a major contract regarding oil drilling rights) and in 2008 Indian imports from Nigeria were 19.1 times larger than China's. The import trade baskets reveal that India and China import mostly 33 (Petroleum, Petrol. Product) from Nigeria. Petroleum and petroleum products account for 96.4% and 81.8% of exports respectively. However given the large demand of oil by China this indicates, that Nigeria is not a major supplier of 33 (Petroleum, Petrol. Product) to China. Regarding exports both countries are likely to engage in competition in 78 (Roads Vehicles). Regarding Sudan, the picture is quite different. In Sudan, Chinas exports exceeded India's by the factor 3.3 in 2004 and by 4.6 in 2008. Chinese imports from Sudan were 74,7 times larger than India's in 2004 and the ratio dropped to 11.6 in 2008. Both countries increased their exports to Sudan on a double digit percentage level while data from 2008 shows India's increase (31.1%) ahead of China's (20.5%). Regarding import growth, China's largest increase occurred in 2007. It is noteworthy that China is a major investor in order to obtain Sudanese oil. India's imports from Sudan increased significantly in 2006 (+253%).