Suchergebnisse

It is traditionally assumed that the US long ago established a zone of influence in the Western hemisphere where its hegemony goes unchallenged. Thus, global organizations such as the UN & regional organization such as the Organization of American States (OAS) should be ineffective bodies in mediating conflicts in this US sphere of influence. In this study, however, we find that Latin American international crises since 1947 have been characterized by a greater incidence of global organization activity than one would expect, although UN intervention was not as important in abating conflict levels as the OAS & the US. How can one explain this important global organization activity in light of the alleged US hegemony over the area, & what factors influence the effectiveness of its mediation in Latin America? What lessons can be learned from these findings that can be applied to other conflict areas & for the future? These findings may serve as a lesson for other regional organizations. 5 Tables, 1 Figure, 2 Appendixes. Adapted from the source document.

Territories are nowadays at the center of economic development strategies and is the object of political actions which often confuses territorial actors with the economic interests of the territories they represent and defend (Hatem, 2004a). The competitiveness is characterized by flexibility, diversity, quality and innovation rather than costs. The importance of resources and activities can be adapted to local conditions by transforming them into competitive advantages. The attractiveness of a territory is generally viewed as its capacity to attract and retain mobile factors of production and / or populations. In the sense of regional economy, the territory is a city, a region, a country or an economic zone. The study of territorial attractiveness consists in determining whether a territory can be chosen by an actor as a site (temporary or sustainable) for all or part of its activities. It is in this context that this article will shed light on the concept of the Territory in order to investigate its structure, organization, definition and history, as well as determining the factors that promote competitiveness and territorial attractiveness, with the aim of understanding what makes one territory more attractive than another when it comes to investments. ; Aujourd'hui, les territoires sont au centre des stratégies de développement économique et font l'objet d'actions politiques, de sorte que les acteurs territoriaux sont souvent confondus avec les intérêts économiques des territoires qu'ils représentent et défendent (Hatem, 2004a). La concurrence se caractérise par la flexibilité, la diversité, la qualité et l'innovation plutôt que par les coûts, l'importance des ressources et des activités peuvent être adaptées aux conditions locales en les transformant en avantages concurrentiels. L'attractivité d'un territoire est généralement considérée comme sa capacité d'attirer et de retenir des facteurs de production mobiles et/ou des populations. Dans le sens de l'économie régionale, le territoire est une ville, une région, un pays ou une zone économique. L'étude de l'attractivité territoriale consiste à déterminer si un territoire peut être choisi par un acteur comme site (temporaire ou durable) pour tout ou partie de ses activités. C'est dans ce cadre que cet article va mettre en lumière le concept du Territoire afin de mieux comprendre sa structure et son organisation, comprendre sa définition et son historique, et déterminer les facteurs qui favorisent la compétitivité et l'attractivité territoriale, afin de mieux comprendre ce qui rend un territoire attractif plus qu'un autre face aux investissements.

Summary in English. Collection of articles dealing with economic and political trends in Central and South America and with interamerican relations. Includes discussion of military government and insurgency; impact of multinational corporations, churches, and trade unions on politics; import substitution; external debts; regional conflicts; and regional organizations (Andean Group, CARICOM, etc.).

Von den Veränderungen der politischen und strategischen Weltlage in der jüngeren Vergangenheit ausgehend, untersucht der Artikel die Probleme und Perspektiven der nuklearen Abrüstung in Afrika. Dabei wird das Thema historisch aufgerollt, seine juristischen, strategischen und politischen Aspekte werden behandelt. (DÜI-Sbd)

The fall of the USSR restored Central Asia's strategic importance: poorly structured area between Russia & China, home to a growing Islamic threat, energy sources & American power -- since September 11th & the war in Afghanistan. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization was set up to address just these issues. The organization's future, however, depends on the new balance of regional powers & on the solidity of the rapprochement between Russia & China. Adapted from the source document.

Explores change in the Lake Chad basin of sub-Saharan Central Africa, comprising Chad, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon, and the Central African Republic; topics include the Lake Chad Basin Commission (CBLT), trans-Saharan migratory flows into Libya, the Chadian petroleum industry, and trans-border banditry in the region; 4 articles. Based on papers presented at a conference held at the Max Planck Institute of Social Anthropology, Halle, Germany, Sept. 29-30, 2003. Summaries in English p. 211. Contents: Coopération internationale et transformation du bassin du lac Tchad, by Martin Zachary Njeuma; Le bassin du lac Tchad, un espace migratoire polarisé par la Libye? by Olivier Pliez; Le bassin tchadien à l'épreuve de l'or noir: réflexions sur la "nouvelle donne pétro-politique" en Afrique centrale, by Simon Tulipe; L'embuscade sur les routes des abords sud du lac Tchad, by Saïbou Issa.

Evaluation programs of research institutions began to be established in Europe in the late 70's, concerning the assessment of science and technology activity. In the geoscientific world this enterprise took place in the 1990's, with the implementation of evaluation processes in some national geological surveys (Australian Geological Survey Organization, Geological Survey of Canada, Council for Geoscience - South Africa, Geological Survey of Finland). Among the results of these evaluation/review processes it has been common to recommend the establishment or strengthening of Advisory Councils or Advisory Committees, made up of representatives from industry, academia and governmental agencies. On the trail of the Geological Surveys evaluation process, partnership national geological mapping programs with regional geological surveys, having customers, universities and industry representatives as advisory has also been stimulated. The National Geoscience Mapping Accord in Australia (1990), the National Geoscience Mapping Program in Canada (1991), and National Cooperative Geological Mapping Program in United States (1992) are examples of the government policies in wake of evaluation process. Nevertheless, it is important to say that institutional staff has not accepted evaluation with tranquillity or understood it as an instrument of management. This recent trend of management - making a connection to the customers/users/stakeholders - has been introduced into the Geological Surveys by initiative of government or agencies at high level hierarchy, i. e., from top to bottom, from outside to inside the corporation. ; Evaluation programs of research institutions began to be established in Europe in the late 70's, concerning the assessment of science and technology activity. In the geoscientific world this enterprise took place in the 1990's, with the implementation of evaluation processes in some national geological surveys (Australian Geological Survey Organization, Geological Survey of Canada, Council for Geoscience - South Africa, Geological Survey of Finland). Among the results of these evaluation/review processes it has been common to recommend the establishment or strengthening of Advisory Councils or Advisory Committees, made up of representatives from industry, academia and governmental agencies. On the trail of the Geological Surveys evaluation process, partnership national geological mapping programs with regional geological surveys, having customers, universities and industry representatives as advisory has also been stimulated. The National Geoscience Mapping Accord in Australia (1990), the National Geoscience Mapping Program in Canada (1991), and National Cooperative Geological Mapping Program in United States (1992) are examples of the government policies in wake of evaluation process. Nevertheless, it is important to say that institutional staff has not accepted evaluation with tranquillity or understood it as an instrument of management. This recent trend of management - making a connection to the customers/users/stakeholders - has been introduced into the Geological Surveys by initiative of government or agencies at high level hierarchy, i. e., from top to bottom, from outside to inside the corporation.