Suchergebnisse

Argues that international and regional organizations must be reformed and strengthened in order to regulate globalization and that the European Union must give foremost attention to achieving political federation.

The purpose of this article is to open up a series of theoretical perspectives on the study of contemporary international organizations (IOs) & regionalism & to highlight the close connections that exist between the analysis of contemporary IOs, regionalism & the major theoretical debates in the academic study of International Relations. This article focuses on the various theoretical approaches to the study of IOs & regionalism. The ways analysts have studied those issues have changed dramatically over the last 50 or more years. It does not press the theoretical strengths of anyone school, but rather tries to give an idea of what the theoretical landscape looks like. Adapted from the source document.

The article focuses on the region with the lowest level of regional integration: South Asia. Firstly, it describes the role played by the central intergovernmental organization in South Asia: the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. Secondly, it outlines the key obstacles for integration in the region. Thirdly, it describes how the main regional actors -- SAARC, Member states, academia & civil society, & the European Union assess regional integration in South Asia. Finally, the article suggests possible scenarios for the region. Adapted from the source document.

Identifies national foreign policy goals, including NATO membership to guarantee national security, European Union membership to secure economic progress, stabilization of the region, and deepening relations with neighboring states; Poland. Summary in English p. 231-232.

Both NATO & Turkey are going through considerable changes regarding their place in the world. The former is in the process of defining a New Strategic Concept, whilst undertaking its most demanding military operation to date, in Afghanistan. The latter is redrawing its map of alliances, strategic partnerships & overall foreign policy priorities, in both its neighborhood & among the new international emerging powers. It is under this context of mutual changes that this article proposes to analyze the relationship between NATO & Turkey. Adapted from the source document.

The first biannual Ministerial Meeting of the World Trade Organization took place in Singapore at the end of 1996. The meeting was the focus of widespread expectation, because a lack of success might have damaged the credibility of this new international body. However, the Ministerial Declaration issued at the end of the meeting gave clear signs that the WTO had consolidated its position as an important forum for issues related to the multilateral system of trade. From the Brazilian perspective the results were satisfactory. Brazil's interests were largely safeguarded in issues such as the social clause and the formation of regional blocks and investments, although less so in the discussion of the built-in agricultural agenda. (Polit Externa/DÜI)

Argues that given the presence of NATO and the development of a European defense policy, the Azores should avoid division into pro-European and pro-American security areas by politically and administratively strengthening the Azores autonomous region. Summary in English p. 255-6.

Since the resurgence of Russia under Putin's leadership the recurring contestation of NATO's legitimacy has evolved from the rhetoric level to a greater oppositional capacity. The features of the New Strategic Concept of the Atlantic Alliance, being outlined by a group of experts, & the new Russian doctrines guiding its external actions that have been approved in the last two years, do not indicate political convergences. The forthcoming NATO Lisbon summit of November 2010 will have to manage a balance between its legitimacy issues towards the Kremlin that have crystallized in Europe, & the need to cooperate with the Russian giant in the global strategic environment. Adapted from the source document.

Examines differences in defense policies of Spain and Portugal, relations between the two countries, with the Western European Union, with the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union, and with NATO during and after the cold war.

Discusses NATO's unique role in maintaining security and stability during the Cold War. and argues that the peace mission in Bosnia-Herzegovina represents a turning point in NATO's mission and a change in Portugal's position within NATO. Included in a collection of articles under the overall title "Os 50 anos da Aliança Atlântica". Summaries in English and French p. 253 and 255.

The Greater Middle East is simultaneous a key-region to NATO security interests as well as one of its great challenges. From the AfPak to the Maghreb, from Iran to Palestine, there are too many issues for the Alliance to stand aside. This article defends a strengthening of NATO's strategic focus on the Greater Middle East, but points out some shortcomings in the approach of the report Albright. The inevitability of this strategic region for Euro-Atlantic area needs to be addressed by the uncertainty of Turkish foreign policy, not only as a relevant NATO member, but also as a preeminent & determinant regional power. Adapted from the source document.