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In the early 21st century, intellectual property has become the most crucial intangible asset. In the digital economy and Industry 4.0, the key drivers of intellectual property law will shift from classical institutions to new legal systems. Related rights are perhaps the most fast-paced new institution of intellectual property law. The purpose of this paper is to determine the role that related rights play in the digital economy. Related rights are a flexible and convenient mechanism protecting intangible property included in the digital economy through organizational and financial investments. In the digital economy, the development of related rights is focused within the framework of the so-called new production rights. We believe that such rights are: 1) the right to investment databases; 2) the right of media publishers to use their publications by online news aggregators; 3) the right to inform about sports events (especially in the digital media).

615Rivers — Boundary rivers — Navigation — San Juan River forming boundary between Costa Rica and Nicaragua — 1858 Treaty between Costa Rica and Nicaragua — International border fixed on the Costa Rican bank of the river — Entire territory of the river within the sovereignty of Nicaragua — Right of navigation "con objetos de comercio" granted to Costa Rican vessels — Interpretation of treaty — Whether extending to carriage of passengers, including tourists — Navigation by members of Costa Rican riparian communities for purpose of everyday needs — Use of river by Costa Rican official vessels — Regulatory powers of NicaraguaTreaties — Interpretation — Principles of interpretation — Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969 — Whether terms in treaty of long duration to be given an evolving meaning — Treaty imposing restriction on sovereignty of State within its own territory — Whether justifying restrictive interpretation — 1858 Treaty between Costa Rica and Nicaragua regarding sovereignty over, and navigation on, the San Juan RiverSources of international law — Customary international law — Customary practices by riparian communities along border river — Whether capable of giving rise to customary law rights regarding navigation and subsistence fishingInternational Court of Justice — Remedies — Presumption that State will comply with judgment of the Court — Whether appropriate to order future compliance

The article is devoted to the characteristics of the object of related rights of a broadcasting organization. The subject matter of the study is the legal regulation of this object in the Laws of Ukraine "On Television and Radio Broadcasting", "On Copyright and Related Rights" of 1993, and the Civil Code of Ukraine whose provisions contained conflicts for a long time, and the Law of Ukraine "On Copyright and Related Rights" of 2022. The purpose of the article is to provide a comprehensive characterization of the broadcasting organization program as an object of related rights and to determine its relationship with the separate show of the broadcasting organization. The study was conducted using historical, comparative legal, formal legal, dialectical and logical methods. It is substantiated that a separate show, in case of a creative contribution to its creation, is an oral work (radio show) or an audiovisual work (television show) capable of copyright protection. Related rights of broadcasting organizations extend to a set of shows and other materials combined in the program but not to individual components of this program. This approach is also reflected in the provisions of the new Law of Ukraine "On Copyright and Related Rights" of 2022. It is determined that the program of broadcasting organization is not identical to a composite work since its legal protection covers the result of not creative selection and arrangement of certain materials but organizational and technical efforts to compose certain objects into a complete program.

AbstractThe subject of this paper is the interpretation of the definition of a "press publication" contained in the new Directive 2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market. The precise examination of particular aspects of this definition is important because the entities issuing publications defined as "press publications" obtain a new related right under the Directive. Thus, the definition constitutes the basis for constructing a monopoly of press publishers in relation to such forms of exploitation of press publications in the digital environment as reproduction and making available to the public. Therefore, this analysis assesses various problems arising from the interpretation of the above-mentioned definition, which indicates that this definition is far from unambivalent. It should also be emphasized that definitions of both the press and press publications as applied in various national legal systems for the purposes of administrative, civil or criminal law overlap, including in areas that are beyond the sphere of EU coordination. Hence, numerous interpretative issues, both in the EU legal system and in the systems of individual Member States, may be expected to arise in the future.