Suchergebnisse

/ Table of Contents -- I Zur Theorie der Religion / Sociological Theories of Religion -- Ursprung, Funktion und Gehalt der Religion -- Asceticism and Mysticism. A Contribution towards the Sociology of Faith -- Systemanalyse und »Religiöse Bedürfnisse« -- Ursachen der Bewahrung der Religiosität des Kolchose-Bauern -- Religious Motives in Religious Movements -- II Religion und Sprache / Religion and Language -- In the Beginning was the Word. The Relationship of Language to Social Organization in Spiritualist Churches -- Some Forms of Religious Discourse -- The Function of Dialects in the Religious Life of the Bornholm Inhabitants -- Protestant Preachers in the Prophetic Line.

The scientific study of religions began with M. Muller's investigation of mythology, which accounted for them as due originally to linguistic confusion in the description of natural processes. This was challenged by alternative hypotheses tracing the origins of religion to the animist belief that all objects have souls, or to various preanimistic sources. Gradually, the importance of materials from historical ethnology came to be recognized. By the end of the nineteenth century, three fields had emerged as sources of studies in this field, all focused on the relation beween myth & ritual: classical studies, anthropology, & Old Testament studies. Psychoanalysis contributed to the study of religion in particular by its stress of unconscious meanings of actions & symbols. Sociological, ethnological, & interdisciplinary approaches have also been important. It is now generally recognized that it is impossible to define the origin of religion, & that the results of such varied disciplines as history, sociology, psychology, & phenomenology must be synthesized to understand religious forms. W. H. Stoddard

Both the critical & the systemic perspectives that currently inform the sociology of religion deal with the connection between myth & reality in contemporary society, but neither is sufficiently forceful to sway scientific opinion. The critical view, as articulated by Roland Robertson (Meaning and Change. Explorations in the Cultural Sociology of Modern Societies, New York: New York U Press, 1978), argues that present-day reality has little to do with myth, even in fragmented form; although it holds that as individuals mature, they may be attracted to various mythic presentations. A systemic orientation, as held by Sabino Acquaviva (The Decline of the Sacred in Industrial Society, Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell, 1979) maintains that sacred beliefs can be integrated into secular society through institutions (eg, the U & the law). Another distinction is observed in priestly & prophetic methodological approaches (eg, to language). Sociologists, who use a combination of theoretical & methodological approaches, need to be aware of the persistence of myth in nonscientific social reality. D. Dunseath.