Suchergebnisse

Los reyes y emperadores de la Casa de Austria fueron durante siglos los defensores de la religión católica y la Iglesia de Roma. Los monarcas españoles pertenecientes a este linaje hicieron de la defensa de la Fe cristiana un eje esencial de su práctica política, estableciendo un pacto con Dios con un objetivo confeso: una realeza legítima para un planeta católico. Esta alianza será representada en las artes propagandísticamente en las numerosas recreaciones pintadas de la batalla naval de Lepanto, que muestran a Dios, la Virgen y los santos tomando parte en el combate y decidiendo su suerte. Varios cuadros de la Corte de Felipe II dejan entrever las complejas claves dinásticas, espirituales y simbólicas de un momento crucial de la monarquía hispánica. ; For centuries, the Habsburg kings and emperors were defenders of the Catholic religion and the Church of Rome. The Spanish monarchs belonging to this lineage made the defence of the Christian faith a fundamental core of their political practice, establishing a pact with God with a declared objective: legitimate royalty for a Catholic planet. This alliance would be represented as propaganda in the arts in the many painted recreations of the naval battle of Lepanto, showing God, the Virgin and the saints taking part in the combat and deciding its destiny. Various paintings from the Court of Philip II reveal the complex dynastic, spiritual and symbolic keys to a crucial moment for the Hispanic monarchy.

El presente trabajo trata de demostrar que el pronunciamiento en la Galia del césar Juliano contra el emperador legítimo, su primo Constancio II, hijo de Constantino, fue la culminación de un proyecto soñado desde que de niño vivió en directo el asesinato de la mayoría de los miembros de su familia paterna, incluido su padre, en una revuelta de soldados que estaba inspirada por el propio emperador. La amargura de su niñez y juventud, apartado de la corte y en el exilio, sin familiares ni amigos, fue un campo abonado para quienes defendían en distintas ciudades del Imperio y desde puestos de poder los intereses de su familia desaparecida. Entre ellos se encontraba una buena parte de los fi lósofos neoplatónicos y rétores paganos que veían con acritud la persecución de las religiones tradicionales por un emperador cristiano e intolerante. La conjunción de una serie de circunstancias, ajenas en gran parte al propio Juliano, permitió que éste contase con el apoyo militar y político para poder llevar a cabo, una vez enviado a la Galia como césar para defender sus fronteras, el motín que le convirtió primero en Augusto de Occidente y poco después de todo el Imperio. ; Th is work attempts to show that the rebellion in Gaul of the Caesar Julian against the legitimate emperor, his cousin Constantius II, son of Constantine, was the culmination of a project he had dreamed of ever since, as a child, he had witnessed the murders of most members of his father's family, including his father himself, in a revolt by soldiers inspired by the Emperor himself. Th e bitterness of his childhood and youth, kept away from the court and in exile, without family or friends,was fertile ground for those who, in diff erent cities of the Empire and in positions of power, upheld the interests of his dead family. Among these were a good proportion of Neo-Platonic philosophers and pagan rhetoricians who watched bitterly as the traditional religions were persecuted by an intolerant Christian Emperor. Th e conjunction of a series of circumstances, largely beyond the control of Julian himself, meant he received the military and political support so that, once he had been sent to Gaul as Caesar to defend its frontiers, he could carry out the rebellion that made him Emperor, fi rst of the West, and then of the whole Empire.

Brick-and-mortar (B&M) retailers in India are constantly devoting their time, effort, energy, and money in discovering and adopting retailing theories, models, and frameworks that are practiced by the B&M retailers in the developed countries that have matured markets and consumers. This is a clear example of a serious timing issue. We believe the Indian market and consumers are moving towards the same maturity levels, but it is still a long way to go as the Indian consumers belong to the widest variety of religions, regions, languages, cultures, sub-cultures, ethnicities, and socioeconomic backgrounds with divergent needs. In addition to expecting world-class overall store-image, they yet require retailers to facilitate honest and authentic human-led engagement. This means, thoughtful and logical integration of existing theories aligned to, the Indian market; consumer's maturity level; divergent consumer needs are crucial, and this is the core of our theory. The ToR-b adopts elements of retailing theories that are known and suitable for retailing in the Indian context, in addition to identifying (i) new elements influencing honest and authentic humanled engagement; higher consumer-level customization; higher levels of consumer-orientation, (ii) significance of their association and determination with return on investment, (iii) their role in influencing the long-term sustainability of a retailer, and most importantly (iv) their ability to enhance interest among existing and potential employees, investors, and consumer's minds with a particular retailer. Insights from multiple empirical and qualitative studies, field experiments, and evaluation of consumer-level transactions involved in building this theory made us strongly believe that the overall phenomenon of B&M retailing in India is truly complex and complexity is necessary to an adequate description of a phenomenon. We hope that in addition to laying a foundation for new directions to guide future research on Indian retailing, our theory will ...