Suchergebnisse

This book is the compendium of 10 white papers on human rights issued by the State Council Information Office from 2016 to 2019, which comprehensively reflects China's progress in human rights in the judicial, poverty eradication, health, religion, protection of the rights and interests of the disabled, women's cause and other fields. It also attibutes to the domestic and international community to correctly understand the situation of China's human rights.本书收录了国务院新闻办公室2016-2019年发布的10本人权白皮书,涉及减贫、宗教信仰自由、残疾人权益保障、人权法治化等多个领域,体现了中国人权事业自新中国成立的70多年来,特别是改革开放40多年来取得的巨大进步。.

本研究針對中國城市教會信徒年輕化的現象,以北京一三自教會為個案分析,了解「八零後」的中國基督徒如何理解和實踐基督信仰,並探討這個群體的崛起如何改造城市基督教的面貌。八零後的中國基督徒在信徒身份建構上所強調的是理性學習及積極入世的。他們在對信仰的理解和實踐的過程中塑造了一種中產價值。這種中產價值不單體現在「高學歷」、「城市」、「創新」等文化資本上,更重視回歸到傳統的家庭價值和對社會的正面價值。本文也反映了基督教與國家權力之間的互動,指出兩者相互依存和調適,但教會仍受制於政府主導的宗教政策。教會在限制中調動信徒的力量發掘空間,實踐他們的信仰理念。 ; Christianity in China has been traditionally attracted socially disadvantaged groups; however, this has recently changed with the rising number of young and educated worshipers in China's urban churches, especially in metropolitan cities. This study examines a group of Post-80s Chinese Christians at a Three-Self church in Beijing by looking at (1) How these young followers understand and practice religion in their everyday lives? (2) And how their everyday practice and understanding of religion shape and change the image of urban Christianity? The Post-80s Chinese Christians place the importance of rational study and social engagement in constructing religious identity. The ways they interpret their faith reflect the middle class values by emphasizing family values and favoring economic and political stability. The study also shows that the state-church relation is mutually dependent and adaptive but the religious matters are still largely controlled by the political authority. Subject to the limitations imposed by the government, the church has managed to find room by making use of the creativity of the Christians to actualize their faith. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; 陳丹. ; Parallel title from English abstract. ; Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-139). ; Abstracts in Chinese and English. ; Chen Dan.

Wang Yu. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-111). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i ; Acknowledgements --- p.iii ; Table of Contents --- p.iv ; Tables and Notes --- p.v ; Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Scope of Study --- p.2 ; The Development of Naxi Studies --- p.6 ; Theoretical Framework --- p.11 ; Methodologies --- p.22 ; Structure of Thesis --- p.27 ; Chapter 2 --- Background to Tourism Development in Lijiang --- p.30 ; Naxi Culture and Dongba Religion --- p.30 ; Naxi's Family and House --- p.32 ; Economy in Lijiang --- p.35 ; Tourism Development in Lijiang --- p.38 ; Tourism-related Impacts on Lijiang Old Town --- p.41 ; Homestay Guesthouse in Lijiang Old Town --- p.44 ; Chapter 3 --- Encounter with Homestay Tourism --- p.47 ; Hosts and Guests --- p.47 ; Guesthouses and Local Hotels --- p.52 ; Hosts and Migrants --- p.55 ; Hosts and the Local Government --- p.59 ; Conclusion --- p.63 ; Chapter 4 --- """World Heritage"" Discourse and Homestay Tourism" --- p.64 ; Preparation for the Inscription --- p.64 ; UNESCO and World Heritage --- p.66 ; Scholars and Heritage Preservation --- p.71 ; UNESCO Conference and Problems --- p.74 ; Conclusion --- p.78 ; Chapter 5 --- """Authenticity"" within Homestay tourism" --- p.80 ; Constructing Naxi Ethnicity --- p.80 ; Constructing Home --- p.85 ; Constructing Heritage --- p.92 ; Conclusion --- p.99 ; Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.101 ; Bibliography --- p.106

Lau Chui-shan. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-122). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i-iii ; Acknowledgements --- p.iv ; Table of Contents --- p.v ; List of Illustrations --- p.vi ; Notes on Romanization --- p.vii ; Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Reviews of Existing Literature ; Chapter 1.2 --- Review of Materials used for this research topic ; Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of the thesis ; Chapter 2. --- Power Structure of the Old Market Town: The Build Up of Lineage Power- --- p.18 ; Chapter 2.1 --- The Development of the Tang Lineage in the Yuen Long Area ; Chapter 2.2 --- The Establishment of Yuen Long Market Town ; Chapter 2.3 --- Sphere of Influence ; Chapter 2.4 --- The Operational Period of the Old Yuen Long Market Town ; Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusion ; Chapter 3. --- Imposition of an Alien Administration --- p.36 ; Chapter 3.1 --- The Early Period of British Leased New Territories ; Chapter 3.2 --- The Opposition from the Local Powers of the New Territories ; Chapter 3.3 --- The Administrative Policy of the British Hong Kong Government in the New Territories ; Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusion ; Chapter 4. --- Emergence of the New Market Town --- p.58 ; Chapter 4.1 --- The Formation of a New Alliance ; Chapter 4.2 --- The Establishment and Development of the New Yuen Long Market Town ; Chapter 4.3 --- The Function of the Hop Yik Company ; Chapter 5. --- Adjustments in Town Management --- p.78 ; Chapter 5.1 --- The Improvement in Transportation and Communication and its influence on the area ; Chapter 5.2 --- The Development of Hop Yik Company ; Chapter 5.3 --- The Establishment of Heung Yee Kuk ; Chapter 6. --- Religion as Control --- p.91 ; Chapter 6.1 --- The Building of Market Temple ; Chapter 6.2 --- Tai Ping Qing Jiao ; Chapter 6.3 --- The Changing ritual organizer in Yuen Long ; Chapter 7. --- Conclusion: Redefining a Village Community --- p.101 ; Appendices --- p.108 ; Alphabetical ...

本文主要針對清代杭州城一棟性質在天后宮與天主堂之間多次轉化的宗教建築,探討其對清代杭州城社會生活與公共空間的影響。 ; 除緒論、結論外,全文共包括四章。緒論介紹論文結構,並簡單梳理近來中國城市史研究的進展和相關議題。另外,在緒論中特別提到了韓書瑞(SusanNaquin)關於廟宇與明清北京城市歷史與生活的專著。此書透過宗教建築的變遷和作為城市公共場所的功能來看其對城市歷史的反映以及對城市生活的影響,對本文的研究視角和取徑產生了重要的指導作用。 ; 第一章介紹清代杭州城內政治、經濟與宗教文化等不同區位的形成以及城市管理概況,以說明數座天后宮在杭州城內原本坐落的不同位置以及其後的主要變化。第二章以明末清初到雍正八年之間天主教在杭州的發展歷史為線索,介紹杭州天主堂的建立以及之後因為禁教而改做武林門天后宮的背景,藉以分梳政府宗教政策以及地方宗教管理實務之間的複雜互動。第三章探究武林門天后宮在雍正八年以後的發展,並特別著重討論官員、文人與紳商家族的各種互動關係。第四章討論由鴉片戰爭到太平天國軍隊撤離杭州的道光、咸豐、同治期間,武林門天后宮如何又在戰爭與外交局勢變動過程中而再回天后宮改為天主堂的歷史。結論強調:基於宗教建築不斷變化其性質、功能、以及在城市公共生活中扮演的不同角色,人們可以從中了解國家的對內與對外政策以及地方行政管理如何實際影響著城市的面貌,而變化的城市面貌,又將影響城市的歷史與公共生活。 ; This thesis examines the urban history of Qing dynasty Hangzhou by closely analyzing the religious architecture of one Tianhou temple and one Catholic Church. This examination summarizes the evolution of these features and offers some thoughts on the influence that those changes made to social life and public spaces in Hangzhou. ; Apart from the introduction and conclusion, this thesis consists of four chapters. The introduction briefly reviews works Chinese urban history by scholars from Hong Kong, Taiwan, Mainland China and abroad. It then surveys the types of historical material used in the project. In particular, it reviews the contributions in Susan Naquin's work on Beijing'stemples in Ming and Qing China as a major source of inspiration for the perspective taken in this work, as it draws upon Naquin's perspective on religious architecture as a part of a city's public space in order to combine an analysis on social life and urban history. ; The first chapter discusses the history of Hangzhou's administration and its political, economic, cultural and religious development in the Qing Dynasty. It then outlines the history of the locations and major changes to the Tianhou temples dedicated to the goddess Mazu throughout the city. ; The second chapter begins at the end of Ming Dynasty and ends in 1730. Over this period of time, Catholicism became more popular in Hangzhou, and people built a glamorous Catholic ...

秦漢時代的國家制度和意識形態對後世影響深遠,而祭祀制度是國家制度的重要組成部份,也代表了國家所倡導的思想規範。地方祭祀包括地方政府主導的官方祭祀和民衆自發的信仰活動,是國家禮儀制度和社會風俗信仰的交叉地帶。秦漢的國家祭祀體系隨著統一的深入發生了從覆蓋全國的神祠到集中於南北郊的改革,儒家思想確立為主流意識形態;地方祠祀在此過程中的地位升降和面貌變化成為國家禮制和意識形態變動、確立的一個標誌。 ; 以天地日月、社稷五穀、自然現象、物怪神怪等為對象的地方祠祀與山川祭祀、人神祭祀共同構成了地方祭祀的圖景。山川神具有求雨、保護神、個人禱祀等不同面向的作用;地方官員對山川祭祀的參與、利用與反對,則是政治需求與社會實際的影響。人神祭祀的信仰對象包括先王仁人、地方名人、神仙和厲鬼等,人神祭祀的性質多存在轉換,官方祭祀與民間信仰互相吸收和借鑑;地方官員鼓勵地方賢人祭祀,反對妖巫祭祀,作為實施教化的手段。 ; 地方政府的祭祀是國家制度的一部分,中央機關也對地方政府的祠祀有監管作用。隨著國家祭祀的成立與變革,地方祭祀在國家祭祀中的地位先升後降,官方祭祀和民間信仰在地方祠祀處交會,東漢時期的地方祭祀有許多呈現官方和民間相結合的特徵。儒家式國家禮制的成立使得祀典與淫祀有了明確的邊界,但是這一界線受到經濟、社會等多種因素的影響,存在著相當的彈性。「禮俗合一」是儒家式的社會理想,士人試圖通過對地方祭祀的管理實施教化,移風易俗;但是祭祀活動的實踐與諸多現實因素有關,還有個人與偶然因素的作用,社會信仰始終包含多重屬性,以「禮俗合一」為理想,卻始終多種社會意識並存,成為中國古代社會的重要特徵。 ; As the beginning of a united empire, Qin and Han Dynasties had established the elementary state institution for dynasties hereafter. Qin and Han Dynasties absorbed and reconciled various religious traditions, including religions of all social classes and different regions in their efforts to set up a sacrificial system; and then turned to a Confucian-oriented sacrificial system with the reverence for Confucianism. Local cults, containing popular beliefs and sacrificial practice of local governments, stood in the overlapped place of state sacrificial system and popular beliefs, therefore the shifts of status and sacrificial practice of local cults can be a representative of the settlement of official ritual system. ; Miscellaneous Gods were worshiped throughout the empire. The groundwork of this research is to investigate the existence of different kinds of local cults and the sacrificial practices. Worship to mountains and rivers were indispensable in both official religion and popular belief, and all levels of sacrifices had multiple functions in local society. The approval or opposition of sacrificial ceremonies by local officials mostly depended on social reality. Human gods accounted for a large part in local cults, who were worshiped in different motivation and social surroundings. The proportion of respectable officials and ...

Prehistory to Unification -- The Qin/Han era -- The Tang dynasty -- The Song dynasty -- The Yuan dynasty -- The Ming dynasty -- The high Qing dynasty -- The late Qing dynasty -- The first decades of the Republic -- The war years -- The early PRC, 1949-1965 -- The Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976 -- The PRC reform era, 1978 to the present -- Global China -- Special categories of migrant