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Russian poet Irina Ratushinskaya's poetic output was presented in the article by paying attention to two aspects in her creativeness. The subject of the past is connected with Polish roots, Polish subject matter, religion and faith. Elements of contemporaneousness аre found in works about constraint, persecution, the fight for democracy and freedom, and describing the lack of agreement to restrict an individual`s freedom. ; Russian poet Irina Ratushinskaya's poetic output was presented in the article by paying attention to two aspects in her creativeness. The subject of the past is connected with Polish roots, Polish subject matter, religion and faith. Elements of contemporaneousness аre found in works about constraint, persecution, the fight for democracy and freedom, and describing the lack of agreement to restrict an individual`s freedom. ; Russian poet Irina Ratushinskaya's poetic output was presented in the article by paying attention to two aspects in her creativeness. The subject of the past is connected with Polish roots, Polish subject matter, religion and faith. Elements of contemporaneousness аre found in works about constraint, persecution, the fight for democracy and freedom, and describing the lack of agreement to restrict an individual`s freedom.

В данном исследовании показана трансформация советского законодательства в отношении религии, что позволяет изучить исторический контекст проблемы и выявить основные этапы в принятии новых законов советским обществом на пути становления светского государства. Изучение проблематики вопроса о свободе совести и вероисповедания с юридической точки зрения позволяет вывести историческое исследование на междисциплинарный уровень и выявить особый дискурс в отношениях между властью и обществом, религией и атеизмом, законом и повседневной жизнью. Сложный процесс по трансформации человеческой личности в новых условиях коммунистической парадигмы, стремление сделать государство светским и свободным от религиозных традиций с помощью законодательства и аппарата принуждения, шло в разрез с реальной народной религиозностью, сложными противоречиями внутри каждого конкретного человека и повседневными привычками. Ввиду этого, исследование способствует тому, чтобы поэтапно проследить изменение законодательства в советской России и выявить свои особенности для каждого исторического периода, с тем, чтобы понять, как происходило становление светского государства в СССР. ; This article is motivated to analyze the transformation of Soviet legislation in relation to religion, which allows us to study the historical context of the problem and identify the main stages in the adoption of new laws by Soviet society on the way to the formation of a secular state. The study of the issues of freedom of conscience and religion from a legal point of view allows us to bring historical research to an interdisciplinary level and to identify a special discourse in the relations between the government and society, religion and atheism, the law and everyday life. The findings of the research illustrate the complex process of transforming the human personality in the new conditions of the communist paradigm, the desire to make the state secular and free from religious traditions with the help of legislation and the apparatus of coercion. It went against the real popular religiosity, complex contradictions within each individual person and everyday habits. The researches underlines the importance of this problems. Undoubtedly, the gradual change of legislation in Soviet Russia and the identification of its own characteristics for each historical period will allow us to understand how the formation of a secular state in the USSR took place.

The role of religion as a factor in a modern political situation is given analysis to. = Раскрывается содержание проблем роли религиозного фактора в современной политической ситуации.

Migration crisis that shook the European countries in 2015, seriously affected the development of political processes in the EU. However, to recognize the movement of large masses of people to Europe from Syria and neighboring areas, as only consequences of the "Arab Spring", acts of ISIL or search for better life, seem to be in correct. Those events were provoked by the revitalization processes in Islam and the attempts of the traditional oriental society to respond to external challenges. The author, basing his ideal on opinions of the Constructivists about the importance of identity's indicators (largely based on religion) to all social and political institutions and processes, believes that such a large-scale migration has become possible due to the overlapping of two civilizational paradigms: search by Muslims of their identity and the identity crisis in the modern European society.

M.D. Priselkovʺ ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- H.lit.p. 332 t-114/116

In the article the questions of interaction of Religion and Politics in Ukraine and the USA (offline and online) are considered. The investigation of Multimedia factor in Ukraine and the USA in real and virtual spheres is developed. The main tendencies of Religious life in the modern world are characterized.Sufficient parts of events which take places in the investigated sphere of Religious-Political relations are reflected in Global Web. Enhancement of the role of WWW and intensification of its usage including in the Religious-Political life in the USA and Ukraine, updates the question regarding the possibility to investigate its online dimension and to subject to Philosophic analyses. Internet becomes a significant factor both in Religious life (inter-religious dialogue, virtual activity of offline and especially online cultic institutions, worship modification) and Political one (PR, imageology, branding, informational-psychological and hacking wars).During last centuries the USA appears as power center and pole of struggles between international religious and geopolitical relations: messianic and geopolitical claims of this power state is settled down by the references to Holy Bible, religious and political mythology, national historiography and historiosophia. The American Presidents quotes the Bible directly, based on its authority in political questions.Cyberspace has developing Religious segment: nearly all Religions, confessions, communities and denominations existing offline can be found there. Virtualization of Religion represents a new type of Religion existing; Religious and Political Internet becomes more popular, taking into account the meta-denominative, exterritorial, and supranational character of Global Web. Informational futurology becomes an integral companion of Religious and Political life. Flashmob is accepted as a factor of Virtualization of Religious and Political segment in the social life.Virtualization of the Religion, as well as a Social reflection of this process in the Political sphere, is accepted rather ambivalent: from hopes for global democratic Internet-revolution and Religious liberty achieved due to Political media and technologies up to computer escapism, technological totalitarianism of "united religion". Religious and Political IT conceptualization, liberal and conservative discourse of alibization and stigmatization of high-tech is taken place.The undertaken study shows the possibility to enter the virtual reality in the sphere of theological investigation, showing the necessity of analytical research in this field. Religion and Politic finds their implementation in cyberspace. Online segment influences more remarkable on Religious and Political reality in offline due to which Philosophy as well as many other sciences obtains besides offline measurement also online one.It is necessary to fulfill monitoring of cyberspace for preventative measures of inter-religious and interfaith oppositions and conflicts, because religious, political and other phenomena at the present stage often have cyber-component. Digitalization of Religious and Political life can conduce providing of civil, Religious and Political liberties, changes in the sphere of freedom of conscience protection and informative right of human being, beginning of Internet democracy. ; В данной статье рассматриваются мульмедиа в религиозных и политических отношениях в Украине и США. Характеризуется социальный феномен виртуализации как конвергентный процесс современной религиозной жизни. Осуществляется концептуализация социальных взаимоотношений религии и политики в реальной и виртуальной сферах, исследуется фактор мультимедиатизации. ; У даній статті розглядаються мультимедіа у релігійних і політичних відносинах в Україні та США. Характеризується соціальний феномен віртуалізації як конвергентний процес сучасного релігійного життя. Здійснюється концептуалізація соціальних взаємин релігії і політики у реальній і віртуальній сферах, досліджується чинник мультимедіатизації.

Critical discourse analysis was used as a methodological and theoretical framework for studying materials. As a result, we have identified three dichotomies in the criticism of European values: (1) religion vs secularism, (2) collectivism (sobornost') vs individualism, (3) collective morality vs liberal moral pluralism. Within the period of 2006-2012, the Orthodox discourse has been appropriated in domestic agenda

This article analyzes the transformation of gender discourse within contemporary Catholicism after Vatican II Council. The author shows how numerous discussions among Catholic intellectuals and ordinary Catholics on gender equality, women's role in the church tradition, respect to sexual minorities and other out-groups historically discriminated within the traditionalist conservative approach are being actualized at the current stage of development of Catholic thought. Particular attention is paid to the comparative analysis of the gender concept interpretation on the part of secular and religious theorists. The transformation of gender discourse in Catholic thought is profound in nature and is related both to the development of scientific knowledge and the change in value orientations. That reflects the qualitative changes of religious and political identity. Carrying out the detailed analysis of current debate in the Catholic community linked with the Catholic complementarity theory, which shows the traditional understanding of gender, the author focuses on its critical reflection from the perspective of the later gender theories, in particular those proposed by Judith Butler. The author attempts to point out the interrelation between changes in the perception of gender issues among Catholics and the democratization process. Results of the Global Survey of Catholics' values are cited to confirm this thesis. Finally, the author carries out a comparative analysis of debates on the gender concept between so-called "conservative" and so-called "liberal" Catholic thinkers. The article notes the specific role of the French and American Catholic thought in the implementation of the gender mainstreaming. © 2018 Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. All rights reserved.

Анализируется роль политики и религии в развитии общества, рассматриваются основные формы их взаимодействия в современных условиях ; The article is devoted to the analysis of the role of politics and religion in social development, it considers the main forms of their interaction in present conditions.

National audience ; In this scientific article there are legal fundamentals of the religious tolerance notion and categories of the secular state in the Russian Federation. The subject, the object and the purpose of the study have been defined. The reasons for religious intolerance appearance as the contrast to the tolerance have been mentioned. The conceptual construct has been designed, which is related to the notions of the religious tolerance and the secular state. The principles of the secular state as one of the Russian Federation constitutional system fundamentals have been studied;. The major legislation contradictions to the stated problem have been demonstrated. ; В данной научной статье рассмотрены правовые основы понятия религиозной толерантности и категории светского государства в РФ; был определен предмет, объект и цель исследования; указаны основные причины возникновения религиозной нетерпимости как противоположности толерантности; синтезирован понятийный аппарат, связанный с понятиями религиозной толерантности и светского государства; рассмотрены принципы светского государства как одного из основ конституционного строя РФ; показаны основные противоречия в законодательстве относительно поставленной проблеме.

The article is devoted to the study of the sociocultural phenomenon of the mosque by considering it as a place of prayer and also as a center of social life of the Muslim Ummah. The article describes the historical development of mosques as a sort of political centre for the Islamic community, as well as the transformation of the role of mosques in the life of nowadays Muslims. The authors give a brief description of the largest mosques that are located within the Middle East, the European Union and the Russian Federation, who claim the role of the center of social life of Muslims. On the example of the Volga Federal district and its capital city of Nizhny Novgorod, the authors analyzed the contribution of mosques in social and political life of the Muslim Ummah, and also gave some recommendations to solve the existing problems of mosques that interfere with the normal development and functioning of the Muslim Ummah in the region. ; Статья посвящена исследованию социокультурного феномена мечети посредством рассмотрения ее не только как места совершения молитвы, но и как центра общественной жизни уммы. В статье изложено историческое становление мечетей как своего рода политического центра для исламской общины, а также показана трансформация роли мечетей в жизни современного мусульманина. Дана краткая характеристика крупнейших мечетей, располагающихся на территории Ближнего Востока, Евросоюза, а также Российской Федерации, которые претендуют на роль центров общественной жизни мусульман. На примере Приволжского федерального округа и его столицы — Нижнего Новгорода — авторы проанализировали вклад мечетей в общественно-политическую жизнь уммы, а также дали некоторые рекомендации для решения существующих проблем мечетей, которые препятствуют нормальному развитию и функционированию мусульманской общины региона.

В статье рассматривается трансформация классической рациональности в направлении диверсификации позитивной науки и иных форм освоения мира, таких как идеология и метафизика. Особое внимание уделяется исследованию противостояния позитивной науки и идеологии. Идеология рассматривается как духовно-практический феномен, не укладывающийся в каноны классической рациональности. Новый этап в развитии позитивной науке наступает с появлением учения о ценностях. Модель ценностно-рационального действия дает возможность позитивной науке исследовать массовые политические акции, не обращаясь к категории "идеология". ; In the article, the transformation of classic rationality is examined in the direction of positive science diversification and other forms of mastering the world, such as ideology and metaphysics. The special attention is paid to the research of opposition between positive science and ideology. Ideology is examined as the spiritually-practical phenomenon that goes beyond the limit of the classic rationality canons. The new stage in development of positive science comes with appearance of studies about values. The model of valued-rational action gives positive science an opportunity to investigate mass political actions, without using the category of "ideology". Development of conceptual ideology model within the framework of methodological paradigm of positivism could be examined as the changes in the regularly recommencing attempts to clean positive knowledge from metaphysical, ideological and valued influences, saving its objective content.

The article considers some religious ideas of Thomas Jefferson in connection with his social and political activities which also include the struggle for the freedom of religion in Virginia. = Рассматриваются религиозные представления Томаса Джефферсона в связи с его общественно-политической деятельностью, включавшей также борьбу за установление свободы вероисповедания в Виргинии.

Extension of the theory of politics to include sociocultural meanings in its explanatory scheme reflects the current uncertainty of its theoretical and methodological foundations, politico-institutional references, political and ideological implications. Fluctuation of the contours of the "familiar world" corresponds to rising distrust in the existing institutions and actors, suggesting a crisis of their legitimacy and effectiveness. A qualitatively new nature of conflict in society, archaization of political ideologies and practices, transformation of the structures of social and power configurations indicate a change in the reference values of load-bearing structures of political life, reflexive schemes and ideological intentions. Redefinition of the standard linear epistemes and ideological discourses of modernity is accompanied by incorporation of socio-cultural referents and new references of modernity into the theoretical constructs. Religion ceases to be just a private affair of a particular person, and returns to the public space in various forms, reflecting the diversification and diversity of the semantic and practical presence in the theoretical schemes and political practices. Many political issues acquire social resonance only because they are given a religious meaning, whereas religious intentions are in demand primarily in the political space. The religious reference is perceived differently in the modern world, causing controversy and debate about the prospects for human development, actualizing new methodological and ideological constructions.

Ausgehend von der revisionistischen Forschung zur "Säkularisierung", welche den Schwerpunkt vom Nichtglauben auf die Entkirchlichung verlagert hat, analysiert die Studie den Prozess der "Entkirchlichung" in Russland zwischen 1860 und 1940. Der Fokus liegt auf den Kirchengemeinden und deren Mitgliedern, nicht auf der institutionalisierten Kirche und den Geistlichen. Im Beitrag wird betont, dass die Religion in Russland nicht wie in Westeuropa an Bedeutung verlor, sondern eine Bewegung der Kirchengemeinden hervorbrachte, die aufgrund des Angriffs der Bolschewiki auf Kirche und Geistlichkeit in den 1920er Jahren ihren Höhepunkt erreichte. Das wiederum löste die "große Wende" in der Religionspolitik aus: die systematische Schließung von Kirchengemeinden und Repressionen nicht nur der Geistlichkeit, sonder auch der Laienaktivisten während des Großen Terrors.