Suchergebnisse

Abstract: The study has attempted to explain several issues, namely, the causes of religious and ethnic conflicts that occurred in Indonesia, the history of the success of Islam in decreasing conflict by developing tasamuh and various social-religious approaches that can be used as an effort to resolve religious conflicts. This research was library research by interpreting several references for collecting information related to the background of the conflict in Indonesia. The findings showed that There are several pint which worth noting. Firstly, that religious conflict in Indonesia is triggered by social, economic and political problems. Secondly, the presence of religious texts that tends to produce radical meaning, such as the interpretation of jihad and infidels. Thirdly, the existence of religious teaching integration into the culture. This study offers three forms of conflict resolution: The first resolution is that create religion as a form of reconciliation as it was the practice of tasamuh at the time of the Prophet Muhammad. Secondly: develop the theology of religious pluralism. The last is that understand religious reality with a multi-method approach including the history of religion, anthropology, sociology, philosophy and psychology.الملخص: تشرح هذه الدراسة عدة مواضيع هامة بما في ذلك الأسباب المختلفة للصراعات الدينية والعرقية التي حدثت في إندونيسيا. ثانيا: شرح تاريخ نجاح الإسلام في الحد من الصراع بتطوير التسامح الإسلامي. ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎً: ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻨﻬﺞ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ - اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﻨﺰاﻋﺎت اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ. تستخدم هذه الدراسة طريقتان وهما دراسة مكتبية وتاريخية فالأولى تستخدم في بيان شكل عدة الصراعات التي وقعت في إندونيسيا. ودراسة تاريخية تستخدم لتحليل معلومات حول خلفية النزاع في إندونيسيا. بعض النتائج التي توصلت إليها هذه الدراسة هي: أولا ، أن الصراع الديني في إندونيسيا ناجم عن مشاكل اجتماعية واقتصادية وسياسية. ثانياً: معنى النصوص الدينية التي تميل إلى أن تكون جذرية ، مثل معنى الجهاد ، ومعنى الكفار وما إلى ذلك. ثالثًا: إضفاء الطابع الرسمي على التعاليم الدينية في الثقافة. ومن أجل التغلب على أنواع الصراعات المختلفة ، يقدم هذا البحث ثلاثة أشكال لحل النزاعات ، وهي أولاً: جعل الدين شكلاً من أشكال السلام ، كما كان ممارسة تساموه في زمن النبي محمد. ثانيًا: تطوير علم اللاهوت للتعددية الدينية. ثالثًا: فهم الواقع الديني بمقاربة متعددة الاتجاهات بما في ذلك تاريخ الدين والأنثروبولوجيا وعلم الاجتماع والفلسفة وعلم النفس.Abstrak: Kajian ini menjelaskan beberapa topik penting di antaranya, yaitu pertama berbagai macam penyebab konflik agama dan etnik yang pernah terjadi di Indonesia. Kedua, menjelaskan sejarah keberhasilan Islam dalam meredam konflik dengan mengembangkan tasamuh Islam. Ketiga, berbagai pendekatan-pendekatan sosial keagamaan yang dapat dijadikan sebagai upaya dalam menyelesaikan konflik agama. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kepustakaan berupa beberapa referensi tentang konflik yang pernah terjadi di Indonesia. Referensi tersebut digunakan untuk menggali informasi tentang latarbelakang terjadinya konflik di Indonesia. Beberapa temuan penelitian ini adalah: pertama, konflik agama di Indonesia disebabkan oleh masalah sosial, ekonomi dan politik. Kedua: Pemaknaan atas teks-teks agama yang cenderung radikal, seperti makna jihad, makna kafir dan sebagainya. Ketiga: formalisasi ajaran agama kedalam budaya. Maka untuk mengatasi berbagai macam konflik tersebut, penelitian ini menawarkan tiga bentuk penyelesaian konflik, yaitu pertama: menjadikan agama sebagai bina damai, sebagaimana praktek tasamuh pada masa Nabi Muhammad Saw. Kedua: Mengembangkan teologi pluralism agama. Ketiga: Memahami realitas keagamaan dengan pendekatan multimetodik diantaranya sejarah agama, antropologi, sosiologi, filsafat, psikologi.

This study examines the debate over the meaning and place of democracy in Arab and Muslim-majority societies as interpreted by Islamist–Salafi vs. liberal/progressive perspectives. We explore the epistemological and political tenets of both ideologies and emphasize the possible educational implications of liberal/progressive Islam in the transitional societies of the Middle East. We propose the teaching of Islam through phenomenological and cultural studies pedagogies so that students exercise their capacities of inclusive and equal citizenship, religious reasoning, reflective identities and the pursuit of the common good.

Issues in the church debate included the history of episcopal government of the church and whether it could be traced to the apostolic age or whether presbyterian government was ancient in the church, the ecclesiastical sovereignty of the king in Parliament, whether kneeling at communion was authorized by ancient and scriptural example, whether the church was both a spiritual and a political association, the relationship between the English and Scottish churches, and the historical pedigree for the English church's doctrine and discipline. Conformists strove to create a viable account of the mingling of sacred and human history and authority in the church while reformists grounded their arguments on the principle that the liturgy, rites, and governance of the church had to derive from the divine authority of Scripture and be confirmed by the sound and uncorrupted testimony of ecclesiastical historians, fathers, and contemporary reformed divines.

Eric R. Schlereth places religious conflicts between deists and their opponents at the center of early American public life. This history recasts the origins of cultural politics in the United States by exploring how everyday Americans navigated questions of religious truth and difference in an age of emerging religious liberty.

The 1902 Education Act was the centrepiece of a series of reforms to popular education which began with the return of the Unionist Government to office in 1895 and ended with the Secondary School Regulations of 1904-5. The Act provided the framework for popular education until the implementation of the 1944 Butler Act after World War II. This thesis discusses the educational changes made by the Unionists, and concludes that while administratively satisfactory, there were deficiencies. The opportunities available to children of the working class to obtain a suitable secondary or technical education were sharply reduced: in part because of the inadequate provision of scholarships and maintenance allowances, and in part because of the political decision to end the further development of the higher grade schools, which had been established by the large urban school boards.Dept. of History, Philosophy, and Political Science. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1994 .D52. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 33-04, page: 1131. Adviser: K. E. McCrone. Thesis (M.A.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1994.

The novel "Miudnibon lawno damihim fi kaffi " explores an important historical stage in the contemporary path of Algeria. The novel talks about a victim of terrorist groups who found himself without a family, as the latter was subjected to comprehensive annihilation by the extremist group "Lahwel", so he decided The young man took revenge on his own, rejecting all the solutions offered. Because of the game imagined, the novel embodied the tragedy of a people, a generation, or a clash of a number of generations, as it dealt with the events of a unique stage in the contemporary history of Algeria. The hidden struggle between history and extremism.