Suchergebnisse

In the Master's Thesis, there is analyzed the renewal policy for Lithuanian car fleet under ecological approach. There are set renewal issues of Lithuanian car fleet and delivered proposals for the solution of the following issues. In the theoretical part under theoretical aspect there is researched the renewal necessity for the car fleet through the review of scientific literature and legal acts of the European Union and Lithuania, which regulate the implementation of environmental protection programmes in the field of transport. There are analyzed the most significant data related to the following transport sector and assessed the renewal situation of the car fleet in Lithuania under ecological approach and its comparison with the EU countries. In the third part there is carried out statistical analysis of data and comparative analysis of the situation, and analyzed experts' approach towards the renewal policy of the car fleet in Lithuania and the EU countries.

In the Master's Thesis, there is analyzed the renewal policy for Lithuanian car fleet under ecological approach. There are set renewal issues of Lithuanian car fleet and delivered proposals for the solution of the following issues. In the theoretical part under theoretical aspect there is researched the renewal necessity for the car fleet through the review of scientific literature and legal acts of the European Union and Lithuania, which regulate the implementation of environmental protection programmes in the field of transport. There are analyzed the most significant data related to the following transport sector and assessed the renewal situation of the car fleet in Lithuania under ecological approach and its comparison with the EU countries. In the third part there is carried out statistical analysis of data and comparative analysis of the situation, and analyzed experts' approach towards the renewal policy of the car fleet in Lithuania and the EU countries.

The Human Rights Committee39 is a body created under Article 28 of the UN International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights entrusted with the specific purpose – to monitor its implementation. Article 2 of the mentioned Covenant defines the scope of the legal obligations undertaken by States Parties to the Covenant – to respect the Covenant rights and to ensure them. It is a direct obligation, which has immediate effect for all States Parties. Article 2 requires also that States Parties adopt legislative, judicial, administrative, educative and other appropriate measures in order to fulfil their legal obligations40. A failure to comply with this international obligation imposed on the States Parties under Article 2 of the Covenant – to respect and implement effectively the Covenant rights in their domestic legal systems – cannot be justified by reference to political, social, financial or other considerations within the State. Therefore, the possibility to reopen the administrative proceedings, which was granted by the newly adopted Law No. XIII-3221 on 30 June 2020 by the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania under Article 156 part 2 sub-paragraph 1) of the Law on Administrative Proceedings, when the UN Human Rights Committee finds a violation (-s) of the rights guaranteed by the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, can be assessed as an effective legal remedy for individuals to protect more efficiently their Covenant rights in the Lithuanian legal order, and, also, as a tool for Lithuania as the State Party to the Covenant to implement more effectively the rights of the Covenant at national level, inter alia to execute Recommendations adopted by the Human Rights Committee in the cases against Lithuania in order "to make full reparation".

The Human Rights Committee39 is a body created under Article 28 of the UN International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights entrusted with the specific purpose – to monitor its implementation. Article 2 of the mentioned Covenant defines the scope of the legal obligations undertaken by States Parties to the Covenant – to respect the Covenant rights and to ensure them. It is a direct obligation, which has immediate effect for all States Parties. Article 2 requires also that States Parties adopt legislative, judicial, administrative, educative and other appropriate measures in order to fulfil their legal obligations40. A failure to comply with this international obligation imposed on the States Parties under Article 2 of the Covenant – to respect and implement effectively the Covenant rights in their domestic legal systems – cannot be justified by reference to political, social, financial or other considerations within the State. Therefore, the possibility to reopen the administrative proceedings, which was granted by the newly adopted Law No. XIII-3221 on 30 June 2020 by the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania under Article 156 part 2 sub-paragraph 1) of the Law on Administrative Proceedings, when the UN Human Rights Committee finds a violation (-s) of the rights guaranteed by the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, can be assessed as an effective legal remedy for individuals to protect more efficiently their Covenant rights in the Lithuanian legal order, and, also, as a tool for Lithuania as the State Party to the Covenant to implement more effectively the rights of the Covenant at national level, inter alia to execute Recommendations adopted by the Human Rights Committee in the cases against Lithuania in order "to make full reparation".

The paper's selected topic is relevant to everyone of us as one of the elements of the human rights protection mechanism. Procedural renewal is an exceptional form in the control of the legality and legitimacy of the res judicata decisions and rulings of the courts. By fortifying the institution of procedural renewal the same goal is sought, like in the stepped control of the legitimacy of the decisions and rulings of the courts, to ensure that justice be done. Procedural renewal creates an opportunity to correct legal mistakes and in this way to also defend the private interests of the parties to the dispute and the public interest. Due to these reasons the topic is relevant as an object of practical knowledge. This paper examines the institution of civil procedure renewal due to newly emerged crucial circumstances and seeks, as far as possible, to thoroughly, comprehensively, and in a reasoned manner survey the practice of Lithuania's courts in applying the provisions of the institution of procedural renewal due to newly emerged circumstances. The paper's aim is, in analysing the practice of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, to reveal the essence of the institution of civil procedure renewal as well as the practical problems and tendencies in its application. In light of this, the conception and development of this institution in Lithuania's legal system are examined and the conception of newly emerged circumstances, the conditions, established by the legislature, for the recognition of circumstances as newly emerged, and their naming in court practice are analysed. The significance of these circumstances in defending the public interest is also analysed. The last part of the paper examines the consequences and problems of procedural renewal in court practice. In writing this paper theoretical scientific literature and specific examples from court practice, the clarifications of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, and constitutional doctrine were used.

The paper's selected topic is relevant to everyone of us as one of the elements of the human rights protection mechanism. Procedural renewal is an exceptional form in the control of the legality and legitimacy of the res judicata decisions and rulings of the courts. By fortifying the institution of procedural renewal the same goal is sought, like in the stepped control of the legitimacy of the decisions and rulings of the courts, to ensure that justice be done. Procedural renewal creates an opportunity to correct legal mistakes and in this way to also defend the private interests of the parties to the dispute and the public interest. Due to these reasons the topic is relevant as an object of practical knowledge. This paper examines the institution of civil procedure renewal due to newly emerged crucial circumstances and seeks, as far as possible, to thoroughly, comprehensively, and in a reasoned manner survey the practice of Lithuania's courts in applying the provisions of the institution of procedural renewal due to newly emerged circumstances. The paper's aim is, in analysing the practice of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, to reveal the essence of the institution of civil procedure renewal as well as the practical problems and tendencies in its application. In light of this, the conception and development of this institution in Lithuania's legal system are examined and the conception of newly emerged circumstances, the conditions, established by the legislature, for the recognition of circumstances as newly emerged, and their naming in court practice are analysed. The significance of these circumstances in defending the public interest is also analysed. The last part of the paper examines the consequences and problems of procedural renewal in court practice. In writing this paper theoretical scientific literature and specific examples from court practice, the clarifications of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, and constitutional doctrine were used.

The paper's selected topic is relevant to everyone of us as one of the elements of the human rights protection mechanism. Procedural renewal is an exceptional form in the control of the legality and legitimacy of the res judicata decisions and rulings of the courts. By fortifying the institution of procedural renewal the same goal is sought, like in the stepped control of the legitimacy of the decisions and rulings of the courts, to ensure that justice be done. Procedural renewal creates an opportunity to correct legal mistakes and in this way to also defend the private interests of the parties to the dispute and the public interest. Due to these reasons the topic is relevant as an object of practical knowledge. This paper examines the institution of civil procedure renewal due to newly emerged crucial circumstances and seeks, as far as possible, to thoroughly, comprehensively, and in a reasoned manner survey the practice of Lithuania's courts in applying the provisions of the institution of procedural renewal due to newly emerged circumstances. The paper's aim is, in analysing the practice of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, to reveal the essence of the institution of civil procedure renewal as well as the practical problems and tendencies in its application. In light of this, the conception and development of this institution in Lithuania's legal system are examined and the conception of newly emerged circumstances, the conditions, established by the legislature, for the recognition of circumstances as newly emerged, and their naming in court practice are analysed. The significance of these circumstances in defending the public interest is also analysed. The last part of the paper examines the consequences and problems of procedural renewal in court practice. In writing this paper theoretical scientific literature and specific examples from court practice, the clarifications of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, and constitutional doctrine were used.

The paper's selected topic is relevant to everyone of us as one of the elements of the human rights protection mechanism. Procedural renewal is an exceptional form in the control of the legality and legitimacy of the res judicata decisions and rulings of the courts. By fortifying the institution of procedural renewal the same goal is sought, like in the stepped control of the legitimacy of the decisions and rulings of the courts, to ensure that justice be done. Procedural renewal creates an opportunity to correct legal mistakes and in this way to also defend the private interests of the parties to the dispute and the public interest. Due to these reasons the topic is relevant as an object of practical knowledge. This paper examines the institution of civil procedure renewal due to newly emerged crucial circumstances and seeks, as far as possible, to thoroughly, comprehensively, and in a reasoned manner survey the practice of Lithuania's courts in applying the provisions of the institution of procedural renewal due to newly emerged circumstances. The paper's aim is, in analysing the practice of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, to reveal the essence of the institution of civil procedure renewal as well as the practical problems and tendencies in its application. In light of this, the conception and development of this institution in Lithuania's legal system are examined and the conception of newly emerged circumstances, the conditions, established by the legislature, for the recognition of circumstances as newly emerged, and their naming in court practice are analysed. The significance of these circumstances in defending the public interest is also analysed. The last part of the paper examines the consequences and problems of procedural renewal in court practice. In writing this paper theoretical scientific literature and specific examples from court practice, the clarifications of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, and constitutional doctrine were used.

This work analyzes the possibility and necessity to think critically in the condition of disciplinary government. The object of this kind of government is living in society, it's population, bodies of people are understood as valuable resources. The aim of disciplinary government is to force society grow in certain direction, to classify and categorize individuals in such form, which can ensure renewal of regular resources. When we understand population as resources - human resources, renewal of resources – it is necessary supervise that these resources wouldn't vanish. Intellectual's function in these processes is to recognize and confront to these processes of power, to damage it's bonds. Foucault understands the manifestations of modern disciplines in terms of power-knowledge relationship. These relationships of power are inevitable and designates intellectual's attitude as strong pessimistic activism. Resistance is significant as the way of critical questioning, which opens perception, that we can't treat society only in definitions of technical power. The ongoing confrontation is the only path that remains to the true intellectual.

This work analyzes the possibility and necessity to think critically in the condition of disciplinary government. The object of this kind of government is living in society, it's population, bodies of people are understood as valuable resources. The aim of disciplinary government is to force society grow in certain direction, to classify and categorize individuals in such form, which can ensure renewal of regular resources. When we understand population as resources - human resources, renewal of resources – it is necessary supervise that these resources wouldn't vanish. Intellectual's function in these processes is to recognize and confront to these processes of power, to damage it's bonds. Foucault understands the manifestations of modern disciplines in terms of power-knowledge relationship. These relationships of power are inevitable and designates intellectual's attitude as strong pessimistic activism. Resistance is significant as the way of critical questioning, which opens perception, that we can't treat society only in definitions of technical power. The ongoing confrontation is the only path that remains to the true intellectual.

When Western liberalism won the battle over fascism and communism, it declared 'the end of history'. The fall of the Berlin Wall and WTC towers has shaken this illusion to the ground. Carl Schmitt treated WWII as the beginning of the fall of Westphalian system. For this reason Schmitt proclaimed political theology as the means for Western identity's renewal. This notion coined by the Stoic Panaetius referred to the essential dependence of political and cultural phenomena on religion. Schmitt's version of political theology showed a way out of crisis and was at the same time incompatible with liberal dogmas of tolerance, political correctness and multiculturalism.

When Western liberalism won the battle over fascism and communism, it declared 'the end of history'. The fall of the Berlin Wall and WTC towers has shaken this illusion to the ground. Carl Schmitt treated WWII as the beginning of the fall of Westphalian system. For this reason Schmitt proclaimed political theology as the means for Western identity's renewal. This notion coined by the Stoic Panaetius referred to the essential dependence of political and cultural phenomena on religion. Schmitt's version of political theology showed a way out of crisis and was at the same time incompatible with liberal dogmas of tolerance, political correctness and multiculturalism.

The development of heating systems in private households as well as implementation of progressive energy saving technologies could be defined as an event that does not have enough market self-regulation mechanism therefore the interference of government can be defensible. This paper examines a possible impact of financial support schemes on investments for RES heating technologies to the development of heating systems of individual houses in Lithuania. Several patterns of financial incentives for renewal of dwelling-house heating systems are discussed in this article. After analysis of measures implemented in Western Europe a conclusion was made that the most socially acceptable form of maintenance for the devellers are renewing heating systems, would be direct financial support.

The development of heating systems in private households as well as implementation of progressive energy saving technologies could be defined as an event that does not have enough market self-regulation mechanism therefore the interference of government can be defensible. This paper examines a possible impact of financial support schemes on investments for RES heating technologies to the development of heating systems of individual houses in Lithuania. Several patterns of financial incentives for renewal of dwelling-house heating systems are discussed in this article. After analysis of measures implemented in Western Europe a conclusion was made that the most socially acceptable form of maintenance for the devellers are renewing heating systems, would be direct financial support.

Politicians of education of Lithuania emphasise the necessity to raise the prestige of the pedagogue's work; therefore, pedagogues' competence and qualification become particularly significant. This requires constant improvement and renewal; thus, learning of specialists of pre-school education becomes an integral part of their professional activity. Pedagogues' learning combines three ways: formal, non-formal and informal learning. Having carried out the analysis of scientific, methodical literature, it was noticed that currently pre-school education specialists are improving their professional competence combining all three ways of learning but there is no official or legitimated national or institutional model acknowledging knowledge acquired in the informal way. This creates a possibility for designing a new model for improving competencies of pre-school education pedagogues.