The era of trade liberalisation for the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) began in December 2015 and brought about economic liberalisation in the Southeast Asian region. This era is competitive and the ASEAN member states (AMSs) almost do not have full power of sovereignty to govern their own economic national matters. In this globalised dependence era, the majority of states in the world have to adjust and adopt as well as adapt their national laws to internationalised rules of law. This trade liberation era also has forced companies and other business entities, including Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and Cooperatives in Indonesia to compete with each other in order to tap the benefits of international trade liberalisation. In this context, SMEs and Cooperatives in Indonesia need some kind of protection from the government that does not oppose international regulations on trade. While the number of SMEs and Cooperatives is 98 per cent, their contribution to Indonesian export is small, at only 19 per cent. They are weak in terms of capacity building and access to capital, information technology, global markets as well as integration with regional and global market chains. This research paper evaluates SMEs and Cooperatives in Indonesia in terms of facing AEC trade liberalisation, i.e., what has done and should be done by the authority is to give proper protection to the SMEs in Indonesia by focusing on the manufacturing SMEs as this sector has the best chance of boosting SMEs' export capacity and building the competitiveness of Indonesian SMEs in order to be equal with other SMEs in the ASEAN region.
The government of the South Kalimantan Province moved the provincial capital from Banjarmasin to Banjarbaru at the end of 2011. However, there has not been a clear decision as to what the government's old building will be used for. One thing is clear, the utilization has to be optimized by considering the local government regulations. The aim of the research is to examine the highest and the best alternatives of utilization that can be adopted for such an asset. Non-probability sampling method was used in the research to find the alternatives. The alternatives were analyzed by using the highest and the best use analysis as the relevance test instrument for each of them. After analyzing the alternatives, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) analysis was conducted to analyze the alternatives prior to determining their feasibility. Legal analysis, physical analysis, financial analysis, and the maximum productivity analysis were the stages conducted on the research based on highest and best use analysis. Based on the result of the research, the alternative which is feasible to do is that the building is used for other governmental or public purposes. Through the analysis, the alternative meets the criteria of the analysis as mentioned before with NPV Rp. 747,439,143 and BCR 1.024. Furthermore, according to 42.5 percent of the respondents, the building is best used for UPT offices and other institutions.
From various surveys on the quality of public services shows that low public services in Indonesia, more affected due to poor quality of human resources officers. Therefore it is necessary to reform human resources through capacity building apparatus. With reference to the experience of three countries (Britain, Australia, New Zealand), then capacity building in Indonesia should be taken seriously by political commitment at both the macro and micro: (1) change in mindset of officials, (2) Capacity building of intellectual capital, ( 3) Capacity building of intellectual capital, (4) Capacity building of intellectual capital. Besides the focus on human resources, Capacity building also should be coupled with capacity building institutions
This paper describes the ineffectiveness of South Korea's confidence-building measures towards North Korea during the reign of Kim Dae Jung and Roh Moo Hyun through the sunshine policy. The previous studies on the sunshine policy only discussed the efforts made by the South Korean government through the sunshine policy and America's influence on the implementation in general. The studies are divided into three major categories namely: domestic politics, political economy, and regional studies, but none has discussed the causes of the ineffectiveness of the sunshine policy. By using confidence-building measures as an analytical framework, this paper will explain the variables in confidence-building measures that cause sunshine policies to be ineffective. The main argument of this paper is that there are 2 factors that cause the sunshine policy to be ineffective, namely the influence of America and the absence of political will from North Korea to achieve the goal of confidence-building measures through sunshine policy.
SME has a very important role to boost economic growth in Indonesia. The Indonesian government through the enterprises owned by government (BUMN) create a partnership program to support SME growth through capital assistance and also training regularly. However, the growth of SME is not optimal yet. One importance factor that determines the success of SME is the role of leadership, such as framing the challenge, absorbing uncertainty, building commitment, specifying limit and path clearing, such roles are importance factors in determining successful of the business and also support the sustainable value creation of business. This research using quantitative approach, include 119 SMEs owner as research sample. Data analyses by Partial Least Square (PLS). Result of the research, indicate that four components of entrepreneurial leadership, framing the challenge, absorbing uncertainty, building commitment and specifying limit, have a significantly influencing sustainable value creation, and one component call path clearing, indicate insignificant in affecting value creation. The result of this research realize that its very importance for the owner and also a manager of the SME have a good entrepreneurial leadership, specially framing the challenge, absorbing uncertainty, building commitment, specifying limit and path clearing components as a role to increase the success of the business through value creation as well.
The vibrations which is caused by road traffic activities have been monitored along several main streets in Jakarta, i.e Jalan MH. Thamrin, Jalan Merdeka Barat (around Taman Monas) and Hayam Wuruk Street (Gajah Mada Plaza and Glodok). Where in the near future, the Indonesian Government has planed to construct a new large scale project so called Mass Rapid Transport (MRT) along these roads. The purpose of this works was to study the existing vibrations radiated by the road traffic activities impacting to the buildings adjacent to the road. Furthermore, these vibrations data can also be used as supporting data in the realization of MRT project. From observation results showed that the amount of traffic volume along MH. Thamrin Street, Merdeka Barat Street and Hayam Wuruk Street, happened in the afternoon time, i.e. from 14.00 p.m. to 17.00 p.m. Where in this range time the large vehicles such as busses or trucks were frequently passing on these roads, and they generated the maximum vibration levels on the surface of ground with the levels of 0.315 mm/sec up to 0.332 mm/sec, and these maximum vibrations occurred at the frequency of 4 Hz. Refer to BAPEDAL Standard, the limit of buildings vibration at frequency 4 Hz must be less than 2 mm/s. Thus, the measured vibration levels were very low compared to the standard, therefore it would not damage to the structures of buildings adjacent to the road.
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are business activities that are able to expand employment opportunities and can play a role to improve equity and income of people. Therefore, the development of MSMEs still faces various constraints that need attention from various parties, especially the government, both central and local one. This research aims to find out the capacity of local government in empowering MSMEs during COVID-19 pandemic in Sukabumi City. The capacity of local government is based on three levels, namely system level, organizational/institutional level, and individual/human resource level. Method of this research is descriptive-qualitative method by maximizing primary and secondary data. Collection of primary data uses interview and observation, meanwhile secondary data are collected by documentation. The collected data are qualitatively described. Results of this research indicate that the capacity of local government based on system level, organizational/institutional level, and individual/human resource level is needed in empowering MSMEs during COVID-19 pandemic in Sukabumi City. The capacity building of local government of Sukabumi City has been conducted but it is not optimal yet and therefore the capacity building of local government is needed to improve the contribution of MSMEs on the local economy. Key words: COVID-19 Pandemic, Empowerment, Local Government Capacity, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. ; Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are business activities that are able to expand employment opportunities and can play a role to improve equity and income of people. Therefore, the development of MSMEs still faces various constraints that need attention from various parties, especially the government, both central and local one. This research aims to find out the capacity of local government in empowering MSMEs during COVID-19 pandemic in Sukabumi City. The capacity of local government is based on three levels, namely system level, organizational/institutional level, and individual/human resource level. Method of this research is descriptive-qualitative method by maximizing primary and secondary data. Collection of primary data uses interview and observation, meanwhile secondary data are collected by documentation. The collected data are qualitatively described. Results of this research indicate that the capacity of local government based on system level, organizational/institutional level, and individual/human resource level is needed in empowering MSMEs during COVID-19 pandemic in Sukabumi City. The capacity building of local government of Sukabumi City has been conducted but it is not optimal yet and therefore the capacity building of local government is needed to improve the contribution of MSMEs on the local economy.
The purpose of this study are to examine the influence of the attitudes, awareness and knowledge of taxpayer compliance in paying land and building tax. In this study uses three independent variables, is the attitude of the taxpayer, the taxpayer awareness and knowledge of the taxpayer, and the dependent variable is the taxpayer compliance. This study uses primary data, by distributing questionnaires to the respondents. The object of this study is mandatory taxes and buildings in Padang City, the population in this study is a registered taxpayer of Finance and Asset Management District in Padang City, with samples are registered taxpayers pay property tax in 2014. This study used proportional sampling technique sampling method, using the formula Slovin with the samples were obtained as many as 400. The study uses multiple regression analysis. The result of the analysis of the results of the study hypothesis that there is a significant positive influence the attitude of taxpayer on tax compliance and significant positive influence the taxpayer awareness on tax compliance, and knowledge of the taxpayer does not have a significant effect on tax complianceKeyword : Attitudes Taxpayers, Taxpayer Awareness, Knowledge of Taxation, and Tax Compliance
One of the goals of the state is to provide welfare for the people through the administration of a state that is free from corruption, collusion and nepotism. Corruption is a crime with a crime rate classified as serious crime because this action is detrimental to the state, corruption itself is an activity where the perpetrator takes state funds for personal gain. To run a government that is clean from KKN at the village government level, it is necessary to pay attention to Law no. 28 of 1999 concerning the Implementation of a Clean and Free State from Corruption, Collusion and Nepotism and also Law no. 6 of 2014 concerning Village Government. The village government as the part that is most closely related to the community, the village government has an important role in aspects of national development in order to create a prosperous, just and prosperous society in accordance with the constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Regarding the concept of clean government in Garanta Village, Kec. Ujungloe Kab. Bulukumba, the village government in this case as the village head of Garanta explained that the concept of clean government is to prioritize the principles of transparency and accountability in order to inform the public of the activities and developments that are planned. To encourage good government implementation, the village government also seeks to develop its village community to be more advanced and increase human resources in the Garanta village. The intended guidance is community development in the health sector and in other fields there is also youth development. Regarding the Garanta Village development plan that has been discussed with the village community, namely by building in each hamlet a Qur'an Education Park, building a Tugu or Village Triangle Park, as well as improving drainage and irrigation. The researcher was involved in assisting the process of implementing the selection of new village officials, taking into account the entire selection process. It can be concluded that the entire ...
The preference of states to use public diplomacy strategy to support the realization of their national interests has become an international phenomenon nowadays. Public diplomacy in the modern era of International Relations turns out to be an instrument for states to exercise their soft power, as well as to convey specific messages intended for the international public. Thus, public diplomacy could be an alternative way for states that had serious barriers in practicing formal diplomacy in conventional ways. Palestine, as an entity whose legal status remains debatable, also utilizes public diplomacy as its strategy to gain support and recognition from the international community. This paper would aim to answer the research question on how Palestine exercises its public diplomacy, particularly digital diplomacy and citizen diplomacy, to gain international recognition for its statehood. By means of the use of social media and the exposure on Palestine's internationally well-known figure, Palestine is building a perception that Palestine itself is a state with no difference with the other states — therefore deserves independence and total sovereignty over its territory. ; The preference of states to use public diplomacy strategy to support the realization of their national interests has become an international phenomenon nowadays. Public diplomacy in the modern era of International Relations turns out to be an instrument for states to exercise their soft power, as well as to convey specific messages intended for the international public. Thus, public diplomacy could be an alternative way for states that had serious barriers in practicing formal diplomacy in conventional ways. Palestine, as an entity whose legal status remains debatable, also utilizes public diplomacy as its strategy to gain support and recognition from the international community. This paper would aim to answer the research question on how Palestine exercises its public diplomacy, particularly digital diplomacy and citizen diplomacy, to gain international recognition for its statehood. By means of the use of social media and the exposure on Palestine's internationally well-known figure, Palestine is building a perception that Palestine itself is a state with no difference with the other states — therefore deserves independence and total sovereignty over its territory
ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan di Hutan Jaya Lestari koperasi di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan di lihat sukses untuk memotivasi masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi dalam develoment masyarakat hutan. Ini berhasil ditunjukkan dengan tingginya minat masyarakat untuk mengasosiasikan dengan KHJL. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi bentuk bangunan masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Koperasi Hutan Jaya Lestari kepada masyarakat, untuk memahami tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengembangan hutan rakyat, dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan, pendapatan, motivasi, kepemimpinan, dan bimbingan, menuju Tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengembangan hutan rakyat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kombinasi kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan survei menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara intensif, observating, dan membuat dokumentasi. Keputusan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik proporsional random sampling, dengan 113 jumlah rumah tangga sampel. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik penilaian, dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara variabel dengan menggunakan Pearson Product Moment uji korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program pembangunan masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Koperasi Hutan Jaya Lestari yang menganugerahkan bantuan benih sebagai stimulus, konseling, pelatihan, pemantauan lokasi hutan kemasyarakatan, dan membantu para petani untuk berhubungan dengan benih penyedia dan instansi pemerintah. Tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengembangan hutan rakyat pada tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan pemeliharaan diklasifikasikan menengah. Pendidikan dan pendapatan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengembangan hutan rakyat, sedangkan motivasi, kepemimpinan, dan konstruksi menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan. Yang paling berpengaruh faktor untuk tingkat partisipasi masyarakat adalah motivasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penulis menyarankan bahwa pemerintah daerah Konawe Selatan melakukan pembangunan masyarakat dan memberikan kesempatan kepada masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi untuk pembangunan hutan. ABSTRACT This research was conducted at Hutan Jaya Lestari cooperative in South Konawe regency viewed succesful to motivate the society to participated in develoment of forest community. This succeed is shown with the high interest of the society to associate with KHJL. The research aims to evaluate the forms of community building done by Hutan Jaya Lestari Cooperative to society, to understand the society's participation level in development of community forest, and to know the effect of education, income, motivation, leadership, and guidance, toward the society's participation level in development of community forest.The method used in this study is the combination of quantitative and qualitative. The data were collected with survey using a questionnaire, interviewing intensively , observating, and making documentation. The samples decision was done by proportional random sampling technique, with 113 number of sample households. The analysis of data was conducted with scoring techniques, and to know the influence between variables by using Pearson Product Moment correlation test. The result of research shows that the community building program done by Hutan Jaya Lestari Cooperative are bestowing of seed aid as a stimulus, counseling, training, monitoring the location of community forest, and helping the farmers to relate to seed providers and government institution. The level of society's participation in development of community forest at the stage of planning, implementation, and maintenance classified medium. Education and income do not influence significantly to the level of society's participation in development of community forest, whereas the motivation, leadership, and construction indicate significant influence. The most influence factor to the level of society's participation is motivation. Based on the result of the research, the authors suggested that the regional government of South Konawe conduct community building and provide opportunities to communities for participate to forest development.
Burundi is one of the poorest countries in the world that suffered from prolonged ethnic conflict. Conflict between Hutu and Tutsi has brought this country into genocide on 1972 and 1993 that led into 12 years of civil war. Peacemaking effort to end violent conflict in Burundi has gone through three main phases involving regional and international organisations. As result of this peace process, the parties have signed Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement on 28 August 2000. This agreement directly addressed the issue of ethnicity in Burundi and devised a power- sharing arrangement. However, peace is a fragile thing so it's important to build strong foundation for ensuring its sustainability. Peacebuilding efforts are necessary to bring post-conflict recovery and prevent the outbreak of civil war in the future. The role of international community is also needed to support post-conflict peace-building in Burundi.
After the stipulation of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in the 4th Amendment, the Indonesian state has declared itself to be consistent in implementing the presidential system of government as the basis for the implementation of its government. The presidential system of government or also known as the congressional system is a system of government in a country in the form of a republic in which executive power is elected through general elections and is separated from legislative power. With the complexity of this system, not many countries that implement it fail to pass the test of democratic stability. It can be stated that only the United States of America is capable of becoming the best practice of implementing a successful, effective and efficient presidential system. Therefore, many other countries use the United States as a role model in building an effective and efficient form of presidentialism system as has been done by Indonesia.
Russia's engagement in Eurasian integration highlights the challenges that Russia faces in Asia. Russia needs to re-establish political and economic influence in the region to maintain her eastward-focused integration drive, including building a southeastwards bridge to China and Asia Pacific. In this context, the cooperative nature of Russian policies is the conditio sine qua non for the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union in 2015. This article examines Russia's integration policy in relation to Central Asia and beyond, towards Asia as a continent. Regional integration is very much a popular idea, with the potential for economic benefits and increased international influence. Significant steps were taken towards the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union. However, to implement its regional initiatives and to become a more visible player in the regional multilateral institutions, Russia will have to overcome both domestic and international limitations it faces. Russia's current alienation from the West and its growing dependency on China may push the country to actively seek better ways to accomplish this mission. ; Russia's engagement in Eurasian integration highlights the challenges that Russia faces in Asia. Russia needs to re-establish political and economic influence in the region to maintain her eastward-focused integration drive, including building a southeastwards bridge to China and Asia Pacific. In this context, the cooperative nature of Russian policies is the conditio sine qua non for the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union in 2015. This article examines Russia's integration policy in relation to Central Asia and beyond, towards Asia as a continent. Regional integration is very much a popular idea, with the potential for economic benefits and increased international influence. Significant steps were taken towards the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union. However, to implement its regional initiatives and to become a more visible player in the regional multilateral institutions, Russia will have to overcome both domestic and international limitations it faces. Russia's current alienation from the West and its growing dependency on China may push the country to actively seek better ways to accomplish this mission.
The existence of ASEAN trully did not comes apart from concerns about the South East Asian Nations which has conflicted, for example like the confrontation between Indonesia and Malaysia, territorial demand between Phillipine and Malaysia on Sabah, also the separation of Singapore from the Malaysian Federation. From those backgrounds, the South East Asian Nations especially Indonesia and Malaysia which recently conflicted, realizes the needs to form a cooperation to reduce tension, to construct confidence building and pushing regional cooperation growth which felt have no progress after each nations receive its independence. 8 August 1967 is the first ASEAN formation spearheaded by five Ministers of Foreign Affair from Indonesia, Phillipine, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, which resulted in the signation of ASEAN Declaration or known as The Bangkok Declaration and it also means ASEAN is formally created. One of the ASEAN's aim is "to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural growth in South East Asia Nations." Nevertheless, in actualizing ASEAN's growth it is not as easy as turning the palm of a hand, various national interest affected ASEAN's policy. Resulted to outdraw the main aim that have been agreed by the Nations, informal or formal conflict always happened in the middle of goverments effort in reducing conflict. For example, the arrest of KPLP Indonesian Officer by the Malaysian Royal Police, the accusation of Thailand to Malaysia in helping separatism of South Thailand, the dispute of Angkor Temple between Cambodia and Vietnam constituted on how the implementation of ASEAN's agreements are hard to happened. Although, the interesting parts are eventhough conflicts still exist between each Nations but open war which can cause many victims never happens. One of the secret why ASEAN Nations stays solid is the tolerance and togetherness underlied the brotherhood of South East Asia Nations. Which nowadays had been used as a strong reason to build trush building between each member for the advancement of ASEAN nations in the future. Social and cultural approaches through public diplomation, reconsiliation and bridging of kinship always be a reference in problem solutions, relativeness in ASEAN's history had always be an important point for ASEAN's progress until nowadays. Keywords : Cooperation, Kinship And Prospective
