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This paper is to be read in context with the paper of Uli Herres (next paper in thisjournal), since the two explain the handling of specific forms of knowledge in theMaster of Arts in Architecture course at the Lucerne University of Applied Sciencesand Arts and in the related Research Group Material Structure Energy in Architecture.Research by Design is established in the curricula of teaching as well as in research ondifferent levels from regular teaching in architecture to the PhD program. Theinteraction is a two directional, meaning that teaching influences research as researchinfluences teaching. The concept of combining theory and practice in the Master ofArts in Architecture course at the HSLU – T&A forms the basis of the concept ofresearch by design as applied by the Research Group Material Structure Energy inArchitecture.The Master course in architecture is directly linked to the work of the Research Group,a request that has been stated by the governmental guidelines for the introduction ofa master program in architecture at the universities of applied sciences inSwitzerland.The University of Applied sciences and Arts Lucerne took this opportunity to establisha model that introduces the interaction of design methods with scientific methods inthree steps. The basis is set with a distinct content linked to the credo "building as system" of the Department Technique and Architecture. This meant a clear focusingon issues directly linked to the design of buildings.Keywords: architecture, research, spatial knowledge, design teaching

The paper draws on a case study of Australian social and policy research in HIV and hepatitis C. With reference to philosophical and functional considerations, it presents a research infrastructure project designed to support a national problem-based research program comprising partners and stakeholders from various health and social science disciplines, government and community-based organisations, and affected communities.

In this paper, the perspectives of (Critical) Migration Research and (Critical) Peace and Conflict Research on migration are discussed, compared and combined with the goal of proposing a "Peace Logical Migration Research" ("Friedenslogische Migrationsforschung").

Concern, expressed by government and other funding agencies and consumers of research, about the quality and relevance of research in the field of education affects not only the kind of research is conducted but also the way in which we educate researchers. The economic imperative for ?value for money? from research and researchers has, for instance, led to the education of research students to be seen increasingly in terms of training in a range of generic skills that can be applied to the investigation of a range of forms of research problem in a variety of contexts. Whilst breadth in the education of researchers has clear advantages, both for the careers of individual researchers and the wider research community, there is some tension between this approach and the more established view of a research degree as an induction into a narrow domain of knowledge and the production of a highly specialised academic identity. There are further developments that erode this notion of specialisation, for instance the growth of mixed method research, which has the potential to challenge the polarisation of qualitative and quantitative research, and shifts in the sites and agents of educational research signified by the growth of professional doctorates, which could further challenge the university as a dominant institution in the production of educational knowledge. In this paper I will explore what these developments mean for the teaching of research and consider how we can work collaboratively to develop both professional researchers and researching professionals, and reconcile the acquisition of skills with induction into specialised knowledge domains. This will involve exploration of both an overarching framework for thinking about the processes of doing research and specific examples of practice. Underlying the approach taken is a general commitment to research education, rather than to training and the teaching of methods, and the desire to ensure dynamism and diversity in educational research, in terms of approach, substantive focus and theoretical orientation, and of sites, practices and agents of knowledge production.

The Sami are recognized as an Indigenous people and a national minority in both Norway and Sweden, and their involvement in any planning concerning their traditional territories is required. The aim of this article is to examine how Sami interests are secured and institutionalized in municipal comprehensive planning (MCP). We use two case study areas: Sortland municipality in Norway and Vilhelmina municipality in Sweden. Analysis of various qualitative materials indicates that, despite contextual and institutional differences, the planning processes in the case study areas have similar outcomes. We conclude that formal rights of the Sami are not always acknowledged by the politicians who make the final decision. Rather, the Sami depend on the politicians' willingness to consider their needs. acceptedVersion acceptedVersion publishedVersion

In this essay, I explore the ways in which an 'I' – as a researcher, as an academic, as a feminist – have been constituted through my research practices, and consider also the ways in which this 'I' is disciplined: what are the dimensions of silence around the constitution of my self and how do these silences reveal the significance of making such reflective accounts, within a feminist research ethic? I propose that my self-hood is woven through my research practices, as I account for the choices that I make and explain how and why I came to the decisions that I did during the conduct of research. I am implicated in, and produced through, my research practices. I think that the political purchase of elaborating on research as a gendered intervention is to show the illusion of certainty, of wholeness and stability, for the chimera that it is. This small act of resistance is in service of the transformation of the academy into a space of humility, uncertainty, and hope. There is little hope to be found when all questions have been answered and all possibilities exhausted. Identifying the performative practices through which I am constituted and exploring these practices as a narrative account of my self contributes to a vision of the social world that is not fixed and closed, but in the process of becoming, where possibility is very much alive.

Since the 1990s, many education researchers and policy makers worldwide have reviewed education research to attempt to provide strategies to improve the quality of such research in their countries. Taiwan's government has launched policies and funded support to set the benchmark for Taiwan's leading universities in international academic competition. The external environment of global competition based on research policy influences the ecosystem of social science research production. To assure the quality of education policy, peer review from within the education community is one approach to supplementing the government's governance, including the establishment of research institutes, promotion, rewards, and research value. This study tracked the mode of academic research and provides an overview of the status of academic education research in Taiwan. Because education research is part of the humanities and social sciences fields, this study identified the challenges in educational research by examining the trend of social science research and by analyzing research organizations, policy, and the evaluation of research performance. Due to the environment of education research in Taiwan is not friendly to education researcher to accumulate papers in SSCI or international journal, additional concerns entail how education research communities can develop and agree on its quality.

Closed access. ; For the past 20 years, I have conducted research with various participant groups, including children and young people and people with learning difficulties and mental health problems. There are a number of challenges of working with these groups of research participants, often defined as 'vulnerable'. One challenge, which has been contentious in academic discourses and research practice, is the issue, and definition, of vulnerability. Another challenge is identifying and adopting research methods that are appropriate and effective for research participants who are vulnerable in some way. This case study explores these issues drawing on my own research. I focus on two participatory visual projects I have been involved with that involve young carers and people with learning difficulties. When working with vulnerable or marginalised research participants, it is important that the chosen methods allow for their 'voices' and perspectives to be heard and are beneficial to them personally and/or within community settings so that personal, social or political transformations can be realised. In my experience, participatory research methods are essential in facilitating such transformations, as well as in enhancing and advancing the nature and effectiveness of relationships, and understanding, between researcher and research participant.

We develop a model to rationalize and examine so-called "research bubbles", i.e. research activities based on overoptimistic beliefs about the impact of this research on the economy. Research bubbles occur when researchers selfselect into research activities and the government aggregates the assessment of active researchers on the way advances in research may spur innovation and growth. In an overlapping generations framework, we study the occurrence of research bubbles and show that they tend to be welfare-improving. Particular forms can even implement the socially optimal solution. However, research bubbles can collapse, and we discuss institutional devices and the role of debt financing that ensure the sustainability of such bubbles. Finally, we demonstrate that research bubbles emerge in various extensions of our baseline model.

All development and progress in the society is the outcome of Management Research work. The development of logical thinking is promoted by conduct of quality Management Research Activities. Management Research has special importance in Relation to solving various problems of business and industries. Market Management Research, operation Management Research and motivation Management Research are conducted in the business for various requirements. The importance of Management Research can also be ascertained through its application in socio political sector in order to find out solution to social and political problem of society. In the existing stage of business competition where problems are becoming more complex, Management Research is becoming more relevant than before. Management Research establishes the relationship between variables and functional areas; it is effective tool for forecasting. It also provides necessary help for the optimum utilization of the available resources. The formulation and implementation of policies and strategies will be more effective when they are based on Management Research studies. The present paper will highlight the importance and application of quality Management Research in management aspect.

The increasing use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to help facilitate neuroscience adds a new level of complexity to the question of how ethical issues of such research can be identified and addressed. Current research ethics practice, based on ethics reviews by institutional review boards (IRB) and underpinned by ethical principlism, has been widely criticized. In this article, we develop an alternative way of approaching ethics in neuro-ICT research, based on discourse ethics, which implements Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) through dialogues. We draw on our work in Ethics Support, using the Human Brain Project (HBP) as empirical evidence of the viability of this approach. ; Author Contributions: BS led the development of the ethics support work package and processes, wrote the first draft of the article and coordinated the contributions. SA worked on legal review and data protection and was part of the ethics check process. BF led the data governance and was involved in compliance management. MG led the ethics rapporteur programme and the PORE process. WK led the ethics compliance process. IU led the ethics awareness work. All authors worked closely together on the work described in the article. All have contributed to the text related to their area of expertise and contributed to the overall article, including through reviews and revision of earlier drafts. Funding: This project/research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation under the Specific Grant Agreement No. 720270 (HBP SGA1); No. 785907 (Human Brain Project SGA2) and under the Framework Partnership Agreement No. 650003 (HBP FPA). ; Human Brain Project

Research ethics is closely related to the ethical principles of social responsibility. This research covers a wide context of working with people, so the researchers raised a task not only to gain confidence in the respondents' eyes, to receive reliable data, but also to ensure the transparency of the science. This chapter discusses the theoretical and practical topics of research, after evaluation of which ethical principles of organization and conducting the research are presented. There is a detailed description of how and what ethical principles were followed on the different stages of the research.

The exploratory research examined the reliability of the research instrument and suitability for further research. When organizing the testing of the instrument, 159 employees of one organization were interviewed, when the necessary sample size is 155 employees with 95% probability and 5% variance. The obtained high values of Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown coefficient indicate that the items of the scales of the management culture and social responsibility included in the instrument are closely interrelated. In addition, it was found that most correlation relationships of criteria of the management culture and social responsibility are also closely related, which shows the reliability of the instrument. On the one hand, the exploratory research revealed the specific problems of management culture and corporate social responsibility, and on the other hand, it showed that there is a reliable, direct, and strong relationship between the management culture and corporate social responsibility, and the designed instrument can be used for further research.

Seria: Multi-Annual Programme 2005-2009. The economic and social conditions of the development of the Polish food economy following Poland's accession to the European Union, no 56.1 ; Przedstawiono wyniki badań z 2006 r. prowadzonych w ramach wieloletniego programu badawczego "Ekonomiczne i społeczne uwarunkowania rozwoju polskiej gospodarki żywnościowej po wstąpieniu Polski do Unii Europejskiej". Synteza dotyczy 7 zadań badawczych wchodzących w skład programu. ; Kamila Sobiecka

Seria: Multi-Annual Programme 2005-2009. The economic and social conditions of the development of the Polish food economy following Poland's accession to the European Union, no 23.1 ; Polska gospodarka żywnościowa w pierwszym roku członkostwa w UE. Wpływ funduszy strukturalnych UE na rozwój obszarów wiejskich w pierwszym roku członkostwa. Generalna koncepcja rozwoju wsi wspieranego przez fundusze strukturalne i fundusz kohezji w latach 2007-2013. Monitorowanie i analiza zmian polskiego rolnictwa na globalnym rynku rolnym. Polskie przedsiębiorstwa rolnicze w pierwszym roku członkostwa. Regionalne zróżnicowanie rozwoju rolnictwa i jego wpływ na ekonomiczno-społeczne problemy obszarów wiejskich. Standardowa nadwyżka bezpośrednia dla wybranych produktów rolniczych i klasyfikacja gospodarstw rolniczych wg wymagań UE. ; Kamila Sobiecka