Suchergebnisse

This article is devoted to systemizing the stages of online research development in Germany, based on analyzing the reports of the main German-language conference on online research (General online Research Conference). The article focuses on the thematic and methodical evolution of online research since 1995 till the present day, emphasizing the most popular methods and areas of science where using this type of research is widespread. The author describes the history of online research and identifies four stages of online research development in Germany: online research as a method (Stage 1); atomization of subject areas (Stage 2); technological development and methodological improvement (Stage 3); distribution of Big Data (Stage 4). The stages are arranged by year, with systemization based on the thematic and methodical orientation during a particular period. The author analyzes the features of each of the stages in terms of technological innovation. The transformation of traditional offline methods in web space is also considered in the article. Particular attention is paid to the fact that both Russian and German languages have no single conceptual apparatus, and use a very broad list of terms in their specialized literature. This was the motivation behind compiling a terminological thesaurus within this work.

Semantic maintenance of the concept "globalization" is examined, its wide and
narrow interpretations. It becomes firmly established that global integration is the
quantitative state of globalization, indicative on the scale of what be going on in society changes, and universalization is the description of the high-quality state of globalization. Processes of modernisation, internationalization, transnatonalization and
liberalization are methods, relations, structures and principles which accompany the
process of rapprochement of societies in global unit. Modern globalization on the
stage of technogenesis presents not simply socio-economic and socio-biospheric
process, and more vast is a technogenic socio-biospheric process of co-operation of
technogenic society, its technosphere and transformed biosphere.

The article analyzes the scientific potential of the study of such an important phenomenon for the modern world as archaization, on the basis of which the author's methodological and conceptual space for the socio-philosophical study of the archaization of Russian society is formed. The concept of the plurality of modernity, and therefore the alternatives to national modernization, is recognized as a conceptual position. In the framework of the proposed concept, archaization, traditionalization and modernization are considered as modes of tradition - a substance of the sociocultural system that ensures reproduction and preservation of the society's culture. Under the influence of socio-cultural transformation, the tradition can take the form of these processes, depending on the degree of destruction of traditional foundations and bases of society's life and the adequacy of the implemented innovations, their organic socio-cultural roots. Archaization as a modus of tradition, in turn, under the influence of sociocultural transformation, can develop in the format (modus) of rearchaization and neoarchaization as a result of interaction with the processes of traditionalization and modernization. At the intersection of the development trajectories of modernization and traditionalization processes, a modus of development called neotraditionalization is formed. The modes of archaization (neoarchaization and rearchization) affect the development of social processes in different ways, and therefore archaization is not considered as a uniquely regressive process.

The study of sex characteristics in characterological types distribution of
pubertal and adolescent population showed that histeroid character traits (42,4 %)
and psychastenic character traits (20,7 %) which form a character type or a mixture
occur more often in a female sampling group; schizoid (28,8 %), epileptoid (44,7 %)
and unstable character (15,2%) traits are common for a male sampling group.
However epileptoid character traits manifestation in a population can be transient.
In general, selected groups are mainly represented by epileptoid (39%), histeroid
(34,7%) and schizoid (23,2%) character traits.

During the 1990's and 2000's audience research departments at broadcasting companies and advertising agencies played a serious role in the development of Russian sociology of media. One such subsidiary is VGTRK's Audience Research Agency, founded by media manager and journalist A.G. Bystritsky, and which for a long time was run by sociologist A.V. Sharikov. The tasks of the Agency have repeatedly changed for 12 incomplete years of its work. They included secondary analysis of the results of TV audience measurement, expert surveys, audience qualitative studies, research expeditions to the Russian regions, etc. A special place among the Agency projects is held by the first exit poll in the history of Russian sociology (1993). Examined are the main periods and lines of activity of this subsidiary, its projects and the publications based upon them. Information is provided about the leading experts who participated in the agency's activities throughout the years of its existence.

The article deals with theoretical and methodological aspects of the study of youth volunteering or volunteerism in modern sociological literature. The author comes to the conclusion that the study of youth volunteering can be carried out on the basis of a synthesis of institutional and activity approaches, allowing to transfer the research perspective from studying the institutional structure of volunteerism to the activities of the volunteer movement participants themselves.

The article analyzes the phenomenon of marital violence. The empirical object of the study is the population of the Republic of Mordovia. The purpose of the study is to assess the current situation and identify the main factors and causes of domestic violence against spouses.
The authors consider the types and forms of marital violence, the level and frequency of abuse, and the determinants of family violence.
As part of the sociological research, a survey of residents aged 18 and older was conducted. The sample size was 384 people, the representative features were gender, age, place of residence. The gender and age structure of the respondents corresponds to the structure of the region's population. A quantitative method was used as a tool for collecting primary information — an individual
face-to-face interview at the respondent's place of residence using a paper questionnaire (PAPI) and a CAWI survey using an interactive questionnaire in the proportion of 30 to 70 %, respectively.
It was revealed that more than half of the residents have not experienced domestic violence and categorically deny spousal violence, considering it unacceptable and unacceptable.
It is determined marital violence in most cases manifests itself in various forms of mental violence: withholding, verbal aggression, aggressive dominant behavior, manifested in a ban on communication with friends or girlfriends. Economic abuse manifests itself in the infringement of the opportunity to purchase clothes, food and have personal running expenses. Physical and sexual violence is less common between spouses and partners.
Based on the study, it was found that marital violence is caused by subjective factors (family interaction practices, financial status, and alcohol consumption) that contribute to the reproduction and spread of abuse

The purpose of the article is to construct an up-to-date research methodology which will allow to examine territories within the context of sustainable development issues. Sustainable development of socio-economic and natural systems in its entirety is impossible without a comprehensive consideration of key factors and conditions that affect the state and prospects for their development, and without a targeted impact on these factors and conditions. The main result of the study is the adaptation of the methodology to the study of sustainable development of territories with different economic specialization and growth potential. A successful solution to this task is impossible without the development and consistent application of the research methodology, adequate to the goals and tasks set, to the current situation and the long-term trends in the development of nature and society. The results of our research suggest the solution of applied socio-economic tasks for the development of territories (subjects of the Russian Federation, small and medium-sized cities) to improve the quality of life and sustainable economic growth.

The sociological study of volunteerism typically uses a definition which includes all possible types of free, unpaid activities which benefit other people. Such an approach transforms the very phenomenon of volunteerism into an analytical tool for studying various fields of economic and social life: degrees of development of civil society, employment structure, features of a certain economic mode. Regardless, the use of such a definition when researching volunteer movements presents certain problems. Multiple critics point out that such an approach towards understanding volunteerism, on one hand, leads to various types of volunteer activity being excluded from the scope of research, namely those which do not fully comply with the aforementioned criteria of free choice and gratuitousness; on the other hand, it waters down the concept of volunteerism, by merging it with other forms of civil action, such as political activism. Furthermore, most studies exhibit a tendency towards highlighting volunteerism as a special type of action, which possesses persistent intrinsic characteristics regardless of the field in which it is being undertaken. Such an approach results in a complete lack of care for certain essential features of various types of those productive activities which volunteers can partake in. It's also worth noting that research doesn't tend to include practices of volunteerism when the main focus of analysis shifts towards studying the socio-demographic characteristics of participants, as well as issues concerning their motivation. Based on analyzing Russian and foreign sources, the article presents an overview of the issues associated with defining the boundaries of the field in question, while discussing the main difficulties when it comes to constructing a general theory of volunteerism, and analyzing the separation of various forms of civil activity which is typically present in foreign literature: volunteerism, grassroots political involvement, civil activism. The article brings forth arguments for limiting the subject of research and for analytical separation between various forms of civil activity.

As a language phenomenon, literature resists being described in terms of linguistic units and structures. Of key importance is the aesthetic experience of language and its uses in context. The experience is particularly dependent on the changing formats of communication, the development of the technologies of production and distribution of texts. This dependency, in turn, creates fresh stimuli for creative experimental work with word and letter. The nature of these processes being largely pre-reflexive invites and presupposes the effort of reflection. The potential for 'self-problematization' contained in a literary text is a crucially important but yet largely unexplored aspect of its meaning and form. It invites a philologist to try out new analytic techniques. Perspectives of present day developments in cognitive literary studies are closely related to the so called 'material turn' and 'experiential turn' in the humanities. The means of poetic expressivity are transformed in the changing media field providing for the increasingly multisensorial experience of writing and reading. The alliance of literary scholarship with cognitive research in embodied and situated knowledge is promising of new fruit.

Report about the book «Russian abroad: sources of historical researches, their evolution»

The article considers the review of village evolution research tendencies. The analysis of research devoted to villagers' psychology study, integrated psychological characteristics of villagers and the factors which influence upon transformation mechanisms of "villagers' consciousness" are presented.

In December 2016, the Economic faculty of Lomonosov MSU celebrates its 75th anniversary. The diversity of research areas of the faculty, a considerable number of eminent scholars, the development of the University scientific schools — all this allows to speak about the significant contribution of the faculty to the development of economic science.

The article presents an analysis of scientific performance of research and development organizations, which was conducted on the basis of a Database containing information about the performance of scientific organizations that perform research, development and technological work for civil purposes. The results of the analysis of performance indicators of scientific activities of organizations based on data for 2018 in research areas, in particular, the indicators of WoS publications, as well as the results of intellectual activity created and used by organizations, are presented.

В статье рассматриваются различные периоды в исследовании творчества С. Есенина китайскими литературоведами и лингвистами. Стихотворения великого русского поэта широко известны не только в России, но и в других странах, включая Китай. Лирика С. Есенина была признана символом свободы и бунта, что предопределило рост интереса к ней в Китае в 20–30-е годы XX столетия. В китайском есениноведении доцент Цю Цзинцзюань различает два периода [4]. Однако для более детального воссоздания истории исследовательских обращений к стихам поэта представляется необходимым выделить четыре этапа: изучение творчества С. Есенина в китайской среде началось с 1921 года (1 этап), в 1950–1970-е гг. наметилась стагнация научного интереса к наследию поэта (2 этап), который снова усилился в 1980-е годы (3 этап) и продолжил укрепляться с 1990-х годов по настоящее время (4 этап). Материалом исследования послужили научные работы китайских филологов, занимающихся изучением творчества С. Есенина. В работе нашли применение методы систематизации, обобщения, языкового анализа, описания, сопоставления, критического анализа. Установлено, что на современном этапе китайские исследователи высоко оценивают творчество С. Есенина. В целом в Китае довольно много научных работ, посвященных С. Есенину и его творчеству, что свидетельствует о значительной популярности его поэзии и его влиянии на китайскую культуру и литературу. Данная тенденция продолжает развиваться. Лирика С. Есенина вдохновляет новое поколение китайских поэтов.
The article examines various periods in the research of S. Yesenin's creativity by Chinese literary scholars and linguists. The poems of the great Russian poet are widely known not only in Russia, but also in other countries, including China. S. Yesenin's poetry was recognized as a symbol of freedom and rebellion, which predetermined the growth of interest to it in China in 1920-1930. Associate Professor Qiu Jingjuan distinguishes two periods in Chinese Esenin studies [4]. However, for a more detailed reconstruction of the history of research references to the poet's poems it seems necessary to distinguish four stages: the study of S. Esenin's work in the Chinese environment began in 1921 (stage 1), in the 1950s-1970s there was a stagnation of scientific interest in the poet's heritage (stage 2), which again intensified in the 1980s (stage 3) and continued to strengthen from the 1990s to the present (stage 4). The research material was the scientific works of Chinese philologists engaged in the study of S. Yesenin's creative work. The following methods were used in the work: systematization, generalization, language analysis, description, comparison, critical analysis. It has been established that at the present stage Chinese researchers highly appreciate the work of S. Yesenin. In general, in China there are a lot of scientific works devoted to S. Yesenin and his work, which indicates the significant popularity of his poetry and his influence on Chinese culture and literature. This trend continues to develop. The lyrics of S. Yesenin inspire a new generation of Chinese poets.