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During the last century, airbases were attacked at least 26 times in an effort to destroy the enemy at its base. Attacks on military airbases impose prohibitive losses to critical infrastructure, which in turn impacts the maintenance of air power projection. The primary enemy threat facing critical infrastructure today is the use of ballistic and land-attack cruise missiles to disrupt an airbase's ability to launch and recover aircraft. Over the last decade, ballistic and cruise missile technology has grown to allow the world's most powerful countries to achieve a nascent threat to forward operating bases used in theater security campaigns worldwide. Planners can reduce the impact of ballistic and cruise missile attacks on aircraft projection platforms by incorporating a number of resiliency measures, including dispersal of critical infrastructure assets, such as aircraft fuel containment and conveyance equipment. The integration of resiliency measures increases construction costs; therefore, planners need to identify an optimum balance between maximizing airbase resiliency and minimizing site costs. This research presents an airbase resiliency assessment capable of quantifying facility dispersal and risk tolerance levels in an environment threatened by missile attack. Model performance was evaluated using a case study from Osan AB, Republic of Korea. The model's distinctive capabilities are expected to support planners in the critical task of analyzing and selecting the design strategy that maximizes airbase resiliency against the threat of ballistic and cruise missile attack.

Leaders, military and civilian, have the responsibility to manage effects of catastrophic events and their associated costs for response and recovery which is highlighted by the vulnerability of interdependent infrastructures to natural and technological disasters. With the scarcity of resources, infrastructures must be re-engineered to be more resilient and sustainable over the long term. Therefore, assessments are conducted to increase sustainability. The literature presents different perspectives of sustainability and resiliency and measurement of sustainability with resiliency as the premier state variable which has not been adequately addressed. The purpose of this research is to develop and deploy a systems-based model that quantifies sustainability to an intelligence infrastructure. This research defines intelligence infrastructure sustainability (IIS) as a measure within the context of the resources needed to build and maintain it, at its present state and in the future. IIS is measured by resilient systems': robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness, and rapidity capabilities. An index model was used as the construct for quantifying sustainability. To establish the shape of index functions and importance in the model subject matter experts were queried. Additionally the experts were queried to assess a notional multinational intelligence disciplinary system with emphasizes to each resilient measure. This was accomplished by performing two simulations in the model. The first aggregates the experts' assessments into one assessment. These results became inputs into the sustainability index portion of the model for use in the second simulation, where sustainability is quantified. The results demonstrate sustainability can be quantified and that the results are useful to decision-makers who prefer a quantitative treatment of sustainability for assessing the allocation of resources. This research is a novel contribution to the body of knowledge by providing a method to quantify sustainability to intelligence infrastructure; introducing the theory of sustainability; and specifying the theoretical relationship between resiliency and sustainability. The experts surmise there is applicability in the approach presented in this body of research as it is applied to a multinational intelligence discipline system. Therefore, this body of research may be germane in other infrastructures. The research closes with recommendations for further research.

WHY THIS SUBJECT? I resonated the most with the topic of feminism. In addition to recent events (Brock Turner trial and the confirmation of Amy Coney Barrett) I have also been on the receiving end of cat calls, stereotypes etc. I really wanted to show the power of women, and everything we have gone through to get where we are today. I also live in Michigan, and during the pandemic there have been some hurtful sayings/actions done against our Governor, Gretchen Whitmer. She was a big inspiration for this poster because through it all, she does what's best for our state and citizens. Another inspiration was Ruth Bader Ginsburg. I took a lot of government classes back in high school and I learned so much about her and what she's done in the Supreme Court. Her recent passing was really painful for many reasons. Besides being a wonderful human overall, her successor Amy Coney Barrett is an instant threat to all human rights we have established. Overall, I wanted to illustrate how powerful, beautiful, and strong women are. WHAT SHOULD WE KNOW ABOUT THE WORK? My stylistic inspiration was art during the Third-wave Feminism. I really like the layered and multi-textured look, so I tried to make a modern version of that! Making art is not my strong suit since I'm a Music Business major, but I'm really pleased with how my poster turned out. WHAT WAS YOUR PROCESS? This was all done digitally, but I really wanted to include different textures and filters. I first took images off of Google that I liked, and erased the background. From there, I added in any edits I felt fit the theme of my piece. To put it all together, I turned to the app Procreate. I layered the icons and added in my own doodles/sketches to finish off the poster. ; https://digitalcommons.colum.edu/capturingprotest/1015/thumbnail.jpg

Forest-dependent communities in British Columbia are facing a crisis brought about by uncertainty surrounding their future economic viability. For over 45 years, the provincial government has successfully applied the same forest sector model, but it has shown signs of faltering in the last 15 years due to changes involving policies, investors in forest companies, and constraints imposed through the Canada-US Softwood Lumber Agreement. The combination of these influences has resulted in serious deterioration of the connection between the forest companies and forest-dependent communities, thereby affecting the sustainability of these communities. The resiliency of forest-dependent communities (Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal) is critical in this province and depends on a holistic application of environmental, healthand wellness, economic, and human capital within the community to create wealth and productivity. The evolving forest sector must contribute to achieving this goal.As a community struggles with an uncertain future and tough economic times, it requires deployment of its resources in an efficient and effective manner. This is best realized through a strategic approach that begins with identifying a vision and goals for community resiliency. Once this groundwork is established, a strategic plan will help to focus available resources on appropriate actions to achieve resiliency.

[Introduction] House Bill 2187i, introduced by Delegate Keith Hodges in the 2021 session of the Virginia General Assembly, directed the Commonwealth Center for Recurrent Flooding Resiliency (CCRFR), a partnership between Old Dominion University, the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) and the William & Mary Law School's Virginia Coastal Policy Center (VCPC) established by Virginia Chapter 440 of the 2016 Acts of Assembly (HB 903), to evaluate the development of a Flood Resiliency Clearinghouse Program (henceforth Clearinghouse). The bill stipulated that the Center should work with the Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) to evaluate solutions that manage both water quality and flooding and emphasize naturebased solutions. Further, it states that the CCRFR and DCR shall evaluate solutions that include both "approved and not-yet-approved stormwater best management practices". The intent of HB 2187 to provide an easily accessible resource to aid policymakers, state agencies, localities, businesses, and the public in implementing flood protection practices that are protective of water quality is clear. Less clear is the geographic and the programmatic/jurisdictional scope of the best management practices (BMPs) to be considered and the specific roles that the Clearinghouse would play beyond being a repository for information on existing BMPs ranging from shoreline erosion control to stormwater management. This report takes the approach of assuming that the intent of the bill is for the Clearinghouse to be a statewide resource, but much of the analysis is focused on the coastal zone where jurisdictional and regulatory structures include additional levels of complexity. While there are currently best management practices (BMPs) approved in the Commonwealth for the management of stormwater quantity and quality, these practices were not designed to withstand flooding impacts and have not been evaluated for flood control in the riparian and littoral zones. There is a need in Virginia for innovative shoreline strategies that manage water quality and flooding and protect the coastline from erosion related to rising sea levels and storm surge. A Flood Resiliency Clearinghouse could be a resource to promote resilient shoreline solutions and could provide the cross-agency collaboration needed to evaluate and approve solutions that manage both water quality and flooding. The Clearinghouse could fill the need in the Commonwealth for a one-stop location to identify BMPs for a particular activity intended to provide flood protection while being protective of water quality.

Foster youth are generally associated, within research conventions, as negative outcomes. Foster youth are children, teens, and young adults who are placed in varying institutions due to lack of parental neglect, mental, or physical abuse. The most prevalent cause of their displacement into government provided institutions, is neglect. Foster youth have encountered differing forms of adversities that affect their daily life. The abuse these children and youth encounter is often times traumatic. Some of the trauma can be a combination of: mental abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and much more. As such, their lives are altered and therefore affect their long-term functioning domains. They often have difficulty in demonstrating emotional connections or expression of them. The research that will be discussed is are the factors that influence a positive outcome on the prevalence of resiliency among foster youth. Some of the factors discussed will be external and internal factors that are included but not limited to: behavioral, social, and cognitive developments as well as, social relationships and external institutional support. Therefore, the addressed research question will be a literature review on: What factors lead to resiliency?

Forest-dependent communities in British Columbia are facing a crisis brought about by uncertainty surrounding their future economic viability. For over 45 years, the provincial government has successfully applied the same forest sector model, but it has shown signs of faltering in the last 15 years due to changes involving policies, investors in forest companies, and constraints imposed through the Canada-US Softwood Lumber Agreement. The combination of these influences has resulted in serious deterioration of the connection between the forest companies and forest-dependent communities, thereby affecting the sustainability of these communities. The resiliency of forest-dependent communities (Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal) is critical in this province and depends on a holistic application of environmental, health and wellness, economic, and human capital within the community to create wealth and productivity. The evolving forest sector must contribute to achieving this goal. As a community struggles with an uncertain future and tough economic times, it requires deployment of its resources in an efficient and effective manner. This is best realized through a strategic approach that begins with identifying a vision and goals for community resiliency. Once this groundwork is established, a strategic plan will help to focus available resources on appropriate actions to achieve resiliency.

Investigating the performance and productivity level of different energy consuming sectors in all countries is an inevitable action. This procedure will be conducted by comparing the energy input and the output of the system which is vital to ensure that the system is used properly. The proper utilization of systems will lead to more efficiency in the energy consumption section. One of the most important tasks in this type of study is the analysis of uncertainty indicators. The analysis and evaluation of uncertainty indices in energy consumption system is a tool that prioritizes the indicators in terms of importance and impact on each of the consumption targets. These consumption goals include energy, environmental, technical, economical, and social objectives. Ultimately, the output data of the uncertainty analysis will be very helpful for making the system more reliable and usable. In this study, we first introduced different sectors of the energy consumption system in Finland and examined each of these sectors in terms of physical and environmental goals. Then the uncertainty indexes in different sectors are extracted, evaluated qualitatively and quantified using the fuzzy logic method. Finally, indicators are prioritized based on the level of effectiveness and uncertainty. According to the results of this research, among 44 considered indices, the security of energy supply, carbon emission, equivalent annual cost, reliability, and political acceptability are respectively the most important indices for energy, environmental, economic, technical and social goals. ; fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed|

46 pages ; In the fall of 2019, the Oregon Policy Lab and the Wayne Morse Center (both part of the University of Oregon) worked with the Lane County government to plan and facilitate two meetings to discuss the need for resiliency and collaboration across Lane County. These meetings brought together stakeholders from a range of local, state and federal governments, utilities, hospitals, and others operating in the county to collaborate on developing a local collaborative to foster resilience. At these workshop-style meetings, attendees learned from the expertise of Dr. Lucy Jones, a USGS seismologist and founder/chief scientist at the Dr. Lucy Jones Center for Science and Society. The outcomes of these meetings functioned as a foundation for the MPA Capstone team project—the development of a framework for the Lane Regional Resilience Collaborative (LRRC). This process spanned from January to mid-June 2020, and resulted in the creation of this report. The research team worked closely with a "Core Team" of stakeholder-advisors from Lane County, the Lane Council of Governments (LCOG), the Eugene Water and Electric Board (EWEB), the Cities of Eugene and Veneta, and the US Forest Service to design an operational framework for the Lane Regional Resilience Collaborative. The team conducted a literature review, case studies of similar organizations, and interviews with personnel affiliated with those organizations. Throughout this process the team sought advice from a larger Steering Committee and the Full Group of currently-engaged and future members of the LRRC (full list in appendix). This work resulted in the framework and next steps presented in this report. The Lane Regional Resiliency Collaborative (LRRC), a regional cross-agency, cross-jurisdictional collaborative is focused on pre-event hazard mitigation and risk reduction. We have conducted research to help tailor this regional partnership to the unique strengths, assets, and threats in Lane County. This report outlines our recommendations for what we believe is the best option for the Lane Regional Resiliency Collaborative to be successful. The comprehensive, evidence-based research presented in this report can be used to adjust the proposed framework as necessary. While the proposed framework in this report is what we believe is the most preferable, some of the finer details are flexible and could be slightly adjusted. ; Lane County

There is growing evidence to support the relationship between levels of gender inequality in a society and its potential for conflict. Positive attitudes to gender equality in and through education strengthen social cohesion ; consequently, there is a need for gender-transformative education for peacebuilding. Drawing on the 4Rs (representation, redistribution, recognition, and reconciliation) framework in conjunction with the idea of incremental transformation with a focus on resilience, this study examines how eleven ethnic minority high school girls from Sri Lanka understand the transformative role of education in their lives as it relates to peace and gender equality. Education was a source of hope for the participants of this study and thus contributed to their resilience. However, rather than fostering and capitalizing on this resilience to build social cohesion and peace, education and the school systems are silencing them. This silencing is evident in the acceptance and normalization of militarization in their communities, daily experiences of gender-based violence (GBV), and the message, through the formal and informal curriculum, that gender equality has been achieved in Sri Lanka.

Zimbabwe has been experiencing one of the worst economic and humanitarian crises in modern times, after its people have suffered from horrific episodes of political violence. An approach to healing and reconciliation in Zimbabwe aimed at developing transpersonal resiliency, called Lament, Welcome, and Celebration (LAWECE), was designed to be culturally appropriate through involving two distinct versions of psychological and spiritual intervention, one appropriate for traditional Shona values and one for Christian values. LAWECE involves a sequence of activities focused on both individual and community healing, starting with a lamentation process acknowledging the atrocities, followed by a welcoming process that invites all to participate (including perpetrators of the violence), and culminates with a celebratory process to consolidate the healing. Throughout there is a respect for diversity of religious and secular perspectives, congruent with its transpersonal perspective.

Resilience constructs and measures in the military context are of particular interest because of their association with general performance and mental health outcomes. However, in spite of the reported advantages, the use of resilience assessment models faces two challenges: firstly, measurement and, secondly, operational application within the military environment. This article aimed to provide preliminary validation for a Brief Sailor Resiliency Scale (BSRS) for use in the South African Navy (SAN) in order to discuss its operational application for individuals and groups. The study used a sample of active-duty SAN sailors, distributed throughout the fleet. Participants (N = 1312) completed the BSRS, together with established measures of resiliency and emotional regulation, and also provided socio-demographic information. The psychometric structure of the scale was examined, firstly, through confirmatory factor analysis within structural equation modelling, and secondly sociodemographic effects and construct validity were also explored. The model yielded acceptable fit and high internal consistency. Furthermore, the results support the construct validity of the scale. The data appear to support the contention that comprehensive resilience screening measures, while still brief and time-effective, could be employed to the benefit of navy personnel. This would facilitate a 'screen-and-stream' approach which allows military mental health practitioners (1) to screen military personnel comprehensively and (2) to identify and stream quickly those whose resilience appears to be compromised for further assessment and targeted intervention by appropriate support providers. ; http://www.ajopa.org ; am2020 ; Psychology

Constant typhoons and floods have exposed the vulnerability of the disaster risk and reduction management of local government units and such untold miseries are an inescapable effect of ill-preparedness. While disaster cannot be prevented, measures can be taken to reduce the possibility of trouble. Data from the Office of the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) revealed that in 2014, the Municipality of Compostela has been awarded the "Seal of Disaster Preparedness" (SDP) on flood. Thus, this captures the interest of the researcher to determine indicators of the local government unit's disaster preparedness that predict disaster resiliency to the major natural disasters occurring in the Municipality of Compostela for the last five years which include flooding and typhoon. This study employed the descriptive correlation design as the overall scheme in the conduct of the study. Specifically, Regression Analysis was utilized using disaster resiliency as the outcome variable and disaster preparedness in terms of technical competency, community awareness, and contingency planning as predictors. Results reveal that technical competency and community awareness significantly influence LGU's resiliency towards flooding while technical competency, community awareness, and contingency planning significantly influence LGU's resiliency towards typhoon.

Tracks: General Topics and Government and Economic Resiliency and Accountability Sections

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record ; This study aims to describe and explain disaster-related resiliency from the perspective of older adult survivors through the grounded theory approach. A total of 14 older adults who survived Typhoon Haiyan participated in the study. These participants were chosen through purposive sampling, followed by theoretical sampling, to attain conceptual and theoretical saturation. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, which took place in temporary shelter homes. Grounded disaster-related resiliency theory was generated on the basis of the subcategories and categories that were developed. The post-disaster recovery path can be conceptualized into three categories: (1) participants' perception of strength, (2) self-regulating behavior, and (3) maintaining a positive attitude. These categories provide coping mechanisms that are important in building resiliency following a natural disaster. The results of this study may provide a theoretical framework for the design and implementation of disaster risk protection strategies and policies for local governments at the international level. ; Majmaah University