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This pilot project explored the utility of a mobile health and wellness app to older adults interested in using low impact exercise as a protective factor against memory and mood loss. While it is known that exercise is a protective factor in preventing further cognitive regression, it is shown that adults 55 and older spend ten hours or more each day sitting or lying down, leaving the latter group even more compromised (Cavill, 2013). The piloting of a health and wellness self management tool through a mobile app featuring the Chinese exercise of Qi Gong represents an innovative, visual and accessible tool that supports daily physical activity while fostering a sense of personal empowerment and enhancing the quality of life.

The resiliency of the contemporary welfare states is investigated. An overview of comparative approaches to studying the welfare state is provided, emphasizing such thoughts as the association of the welfare state with a social democratic government system. G. Esping-Andersen's (1990, 1999) theory of the welfare state is subsequently used to determine whether the welfare state is truly resistant & durable over time. In addition, Pierson's (1994) contention that the welfare state has proved relatively stable despite pressures for retrenchment is also discussed. After considering how social security systems diversified in contemporary democracies, the systemic differences between multiple Western welfare states are highlighted. It is subsequently asserted that welfare systems in these countries must address the financial burdens created by an aging population & growing unemployment rates. Future recommendations for comparative studies of the welfare state are offered. 2 Tables. J. W. Parker

Intermittent anthropological fieldwork since 1964 underpins a look at the world of meninos de rua (street kids) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, focusing on hostility toward them. Brazil's street children are viewed in light of the larger context of a failed economic development model that has placed a large portion of the population in abject poverty. The opportunities & dangers of life as street kids are described, noting their continuing attachment to mothers who abandoned them & the resiliency that allows them to survive through begging, petty thievery, or sexual exchanges. These children have become a visible presence & social embarrassment to well-off citizens, & virulent discourses/practices are endangering the youngsters & preventing the exercise of newly established constitutional & legal rights. The emergence of a social movement on behalf of children's rights is examined, along with its prospects for success. 40 References. J. Lindroth

It is asserted that the Danish child care system has historically been characterized by continuity rather than reform; an explanation for this trend is offered. An overview of Danish society is presented, illustrating its social democratic ideological orientation; in addition, it is noted that the Danish welfare state is based on a weak-breadwinner model. Factors responsible for the highly institutionalized approach to child care policy are reviewed, eg, the establishment of pedagogical organizations & their alignment with the Social Democratic party. The formation of a universalist child care policy during the 1960s, the subsequent attempt at retrenching the child care system during the 1970s, & the partial decentralization of social services in the 1980s are addressed. It is noted that the Social Democratic government increased families' capacity to choose between public & private child care during the 1990s. A rationale for the Danish program's resiliency despite such political change throughout the late 20th century is then presented; the system's ramifications for achieving gender equality & potential problems that may damage Danish child care policy are also considered. 41 References. J. W. Parker

It is asserted that the Danish child care system has historically been characterized by continuity rather than reform; an explanation for this trend is offered. An overview of Danish society is presented, illustrating its social democratic ideological orientation; in addition, it is noted that the Danish welfare state is based on a weak-breadwinner model. Factors responsible for the highly institutionalized approach to child care policy are reviewed, eg, the establishment of pedagogical organizations & their alignment with the Social Democratic party. The formation of a universalist child care policy during the 1960s, the subsequent attempt at retrenching the child care system during the 1970s, & the partial decentralization of social services in the 1980s are addressed. It is noted that the Social Democratic government increased families' capacity to choose between public & private child care during the 1990s. A rationale for the Danish program's resiliency despite such political change throughout the late 20th century is then presented; the system's ramifications for achieving gender equality & potential problems that may damage Danish child care policy are also considered. 41 References. J. W. Parker