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Social scientists of the urban condition have long been interested in the causes and consequences of the phenomena that shape the growth and decline of cities and their suburbs. Such interests have become increasingly relevant in light of the Covid-19 pandemic. Over the course of the pandemic, many academic and popular analyses have confronted two essential questions: How has the pandemic changed the city? And given these changes, are they permanent? This current scholarly and popular dialogue generally lacks comparative analysis. In this article, we attempt to further the analysis and discussion about the pandemic and the city by reframing the debate through three comparative lenses: temporal, scalar, and dimensional. Drawing on the debate and experience of urban areas in the United States, we present an analytical framework to apply a comparative analytical approach. Three temporal analytical matrices are presented: (a) pre-pandemic, (b) current-pandemic, and (c) post-pandemic. These matrices articulate the relationships between a city's developmental patterns and their related dimensions of urbanization. We pay special attention to the nature of scale within and among the cities and suburbs of regions. Each matrix is tested and contextualized using relevant narratives from cities in the United States before, during, and after the pandemic on various issues, including housing, transportation, and economic development. This framework will serve as an analytical tool for future research on the pandemic and how cities can become more resilient to such shocks.

Purpose of this study: In accordance with the current world economy, building climate sustainability resiliency is very important under the physical risk and transitional risk mitigation. This classification of climate risks could have an enormous positive impact focusing on ESG (Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance) goal achievement during the post-COVID pandemic situation focusing on climate risk issues. The European Green Deal has also increased the EU's climate ambitions. In addition, global cooperation on sustainable finance has increased and the international context has changed. The financial sector will play a critical role in our transition to sustainability.The strategy of this study aims to support the European Green Deal aims, as well as an inclusive and sustainable recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic consequences. Methodology: In this study, the relative carbon risk and absolute carbon risk is shown based on the dynamic common factor model. The graphical representation of absolute versus relative carbon risk is measured in this time series data based research on the ten years timeline of 2010 to 2019. Main findings: The study shows the graphical figure regardingregion-wise dynamics of the relative and absolute carbon emissions risk in an average by adopting the dynamic common factor model throughout the global level by obtaining the Kalman filtering tool. Research limitations/Implications: Lack of resources of primary data is the main creating hindering effect that is faced in this study. This article portrays the increase in CO2 emissions leading to consequences of climate risk also accelerating these problems within the regions and countries mentioned in this research. Novelty/Originality: Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the developed nations, as well as emerging economies, are facing vulnerability in the area of financial, governmental, environmental to be sustainably resilient. This is the high time of detecting these problems and taking precautionary measures by the policymakers and ...

Building community resiliency requires input on community development initiatives from a variety of functional units of a local government. There is little evidence, however, of whether the types of agencies that are responsible for disaster planning and mitigation are involved in community development activities for the purpose of improving community resiliency. This exploratory study examines agency involvement in community development subfields, designing community development tools, and participation in community planning processes for the purposes of building community resiliency. The results of mean-t tests, based on data collected from an original survey of Central Florida (USA) county governments, provides preliminary evidence of differences between planning agencies and agencies that are focused on operations and logistics. The findings suggest local governments should consider roles and integration mechanisms to ensure participation of agencies in community development efforts to improve disaster resiliency.

Governments and their multilateral partners are increasingly recognizing the importance of incorporating climate and disaster resilience considerations into infrastructure development plans as well as the related construction and financing decisions. The potential medium- and long-term benefits of increased resilience must be considered alongside short-term costs of resilient design and implementation. The objective of this paper to estimate the resiliency benefits, in terms of key socioeconomic outcomes, under several road upgradation options and rainfall scenarios. The estimated benefits are compared against the related lifecycle costs to inform investment decisions. The analysis is based on the methodology developed by the World Bank and Kyoto University to operationalize and measure key infrastructure resilience concepts at the project level. The East Road in Malaita in the Solomon Islands is used to pilot the this methodology and examine its applicability. The parameters selected to measure resiliency are based on the key benefits the road provides to the people living around it: economic benefits proxied by travel time, access to hospitals, and access to markets. Due to data constraints in Malaita, the report is based primarily on expert inputs and geo-spatial data. It considers mainly technical improvements to road upgradation that might impact resiliency.

Pacific DMCs share many sustainable development challenges. Their small size, isolation, narrow economic bases, limited resources, and dependence on trade make them highly vulnerable to climate change and natural disasters. With the exception of Papua New Guinea, Pacific DMCs are small island developing states (SIDS), and seven are fragile and conflict-affected situation (FCAS) countries. Extreme events, such as strong tropical cyclones, can push governments into debt distress, businesses into insolvency, and individuals into extreme hardship. Vulnerability is greatest for the poorest populations, who live in small communities on remote outer islands. Women rely more on natural resources for their sustenance and livelihood, which makes them particularly vulnerable to climate extremes.

This article discusses research conducted with Mexican American female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) and explores the survivors' capacity for resiliency and the nature of their social networks. The study used a nonprobability convenience sample of survivors of IPV living in shelters in two southwestern border cities and asked these questions: How much is resiliency affected by mood? What parts of the IPV survivors' social networks are most supportive? Dependent sample t tests demonstrated that increased resiliency is associated with decreased mood disturbance. Ordinary least squares regression indicated that perception of social support is directly related to number of friends/neighbors and size of formal network. Implications for practice are discussed.