Suchergebnisse

Few functions of the American Federal system seem less suited physically to state boundaries than the management of our water resources. The reason is readily apparent. Water flows according to drainage districts and not the riverbounded or rectilinear areas of the American states. Nevertheless, it takes more than topography to delineate the states or provinces of a nation; there are historical and constitutional factors to consider. Once provincial areas are established as states under a national constitution, and, such functions as water supply are assigned to these states, it is not only difficult but it may also be disruptive to withdraw such a function from them, even though physical facts and technological changes cry for this solution.

The political events of the interval between the war and the im pending political changes have given new urgency to the critical analysis of the industrial ambitions of undeveloped regions. The older industrial regions face readjustments of substantial magnitude. Every feature of the world economy is distressingly unstable. Cultural and institutional factors will be of importance in determining the rapidity of change and the degree of efficiency achieved in the management of resources, but the direction of change and the magnitudes, of the changes will be conditioned by the basic resources of the various regions. Resource analysis can furnish a concrete background for the various policy problems of the older and newer centers of industrialization.

Urbanization alters the soc org of human communities not only in size but in their very nature. The urbanization of a society means not only an increase in the scale of its soc org, but also an alteration in the spatial org of its activities, with a concentration of the functions of co-ordination & control in cities, & the development of a whole network of Ur sites. These latter 2 factors in the process of urbanization produce systems of differentiation, which in turn provide channels for distributing goods & services. To understand the allocation of resources, it is useful to examine 3 differentiation systems: (1) the occup'al, (2) the ethnic & migrant, & (3) the familial or life-style system of differentiation. Allocation of resources through each of these systems has consequences ranging from a tendency to perpetuate or ascribe positions in an Ur society to an encouragement & acceptance of heterogeneity in cultural values & HB. AA.

Urbanization alters the social organization of human communities not only in size but in their very nature. The urbanization of a society, then, means not only an increase in the scale of its social organization but also an alteration in the spatial organization of its activities, with a concentration of the functions of co-ordination and control in cities, and the development of a whole network of urban sites. These latter two factors in the process of urbanization produce systems of differentiation, which in turn provide channels for distributing goods and services. To understand the allocation of resources, it is useful, then, to examine three differentiation systems: the occupational, the ethnic and migrant, and the familial or life- style system of differentiation. Allocation of resources through each of these systems has consequences ranging from a tendency to perpetuate or ascribe positions in an urban society to an encouragement and acceptance of heterogeneity in cultural values and human behavior.

Thinking on balance of payments matters has been dominated for so many years by particular day-to-day problems that a reconsideration of longer-run factors seems clearly to be a timely topic for discussion. Admittedly, in times like these, this type of study has severe limitations: of necessity it has to be largely speculative, and one can certainly not expect it to yield a blueprint for the future. Nevertheless, it is the aim of this paper to suggest that a careful study of current and prospective developments is more rewarding than might appear at first sight; that it discloses or emphasizes a number of important enduring tendencies that are bound to have a decisive influence on our balance of payments for a long while to come; and that a realization of them will provide some bearings in a realm which nowadays involves all too large an element of dead reckoning. Needless to say, owing to reasons of space it will not be possible to do more than sketch the principal changes and suggest some tentative conclusions.The first of these trends, and perhaps the most important so far as the domestic economy is concerned, is the rebirth of natural resource development. Such development was, for many years, the main dynamic behind Canada's growth; however, it was in large measure inhibited for the better part of a generation except for a few specialized instances, first by the depression and later by the war. In spite of several recent spectacular discoveries, it is doubtful whether the full potential impact of these developments on our future balance of payments is adequately appreciated. Possibly the long interval of stagnation and reverses has tended to make Canadians rather cynical about favourable reports even when well substantiated. Admittedly nothing is easier than to be dazzled by thoughts of future riches; at the same time, however, a balanced appraisal of future prospects involves a realization of potential strengths as well as calculable risks. A good many of the projects referred to below are in their early stages and fall in the realm of the engineer and the geologist. But a general pattern of their magnitude and significance is beginning to emerge that merits the economist's attention.

Frontmatter -- PREFACE -- CONTENTS -- TABLES -- CHARTS -- I. Statement of the Problem -- II. Basic Legislation and Operating Experience -- III/ Characteristics of Insured Mortgages in Force -- IV. The FHA Method of Calculating Required Reserves -- V. Evaluation of FHA Method: External Factors -- VI. Evaluation of FHA Method: Internal Factors -- VII. Effect on Reserves of Varying Principal Assumptions -- VIII. Summary and Recommendations -- APPENDIX