ABSTRACTIn this paper, the author suggests a methodology for facilitating interactive decision making in a decentralized organization by providing information which may result in the transfer of divisional resources. The resource‐transfer information is generated at the beginning of the planning period so that the organization's production control and evaluation systems may be formalized.
Abstract Despite significant investment in anticorruption instruments in the past decades, confusion about their effectiveness remains. While a growing body of scholarship claims that anticorruption reforms have generally failed, other scholars have shown that particular anticorruption tools may actually work. A likely explanation for these puzzling outcomes is that public administration research holds a mistaken view of corruption, and improperly selected anticorruption strategies often target the wrong type of corruption. To overcome this problem, this article proposes a four‐cell typology of corruption, reflecting two critical dimensions along which most corrupt behaviors occur: the resource transfer and the primary beneficiary. Synthesizing recent research developments, this article introduces a new conceptualization of corruption that integrates perspectives from several disciplines. It also offers a series of propositions concerning how each corruption type could be fought. The article concludes with implications for research and practice.
Due to their lack of financial resources, poor residents of deprived neighbourhoods are very much reliant on support and assistance from their personal networks. Studies refer to the key importance of neighbourhood contacts transcending social boundaries to promote upward social mobility. Based on a mix of quantitative and qualitative findings, this paper looks at the importance of social mix within a person's neighbourhood and immediate surroundings for transferring different kinds of resources. The results show that even residents of deprived neighbourhoods can call on a well-developed support network to deal with everyday problems. The contribution also shows that network contacts to people endowed with more resources are no guarantee for the upward social mobility of the less well endowed. Indeed, it would seem that 'getting-ahead' resources are also accessible via their homogeneous networks. Much more to the point, the immediate surroundings turn out to be an important spatial context for contacts and resource transfers, especially for families with children.
This article examines how resources were allocated from the central government to rural households through China's targeted poverty alleviation program. The fieldwork in different regions from 2015 to 2019 revealed that local social rules and structures distorted the allocation of anti-poverty resources. In 'solidarity' villages, resources targeted disadvantaged groups recognized by local but not official rules. In 'individualized' villages without strong local rules, resources were given to 'troublemakers.' In 'factional' villages, a scramble for resources occurred. The anti-poverty resources activated the rural social structures and rules, which finally diversified the outcomes of resource flows. This study suggests that a deep understanding of local traditions is needed in policy design and implementation to tackle the existing social rules and achieve the original policy target. (J Contemp China/GIGA)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In line with the decentralization policy, in 2009, the central government of Burkina Faso issued a decree to transfer health resources to local governments for fulfilling their new responsibilities in health care provision. The first stage of this health care decentralization process involved the basic health care facilities, composed of primary health care facilities, maternities, dispensaries, maternal and child health centers, and essential drugs depots. This study seeks to explore the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) associated with the health resources transfer in Burkina Faso, from the perspective of decision makers. METHODS: We used a qualitative research approach. We conducted 17 semistructured interviews with 17 representatives of key decision‐making groups, in August to December 2017 in Burkina Faso. The participants included mayors of municipalities, health district managers, policy decision makers, and donors/partners. The data collected were subjected to a directed qualitative content analysis, and the SWOT framework was used to select themes and codes for the analysis. RESULTS: The most cited strength was the improvement of local governance, which also creates the opportunity for an enhanced partnership and decentralized cooperation. As expected, however, the limited financial capacity of local governments is an important weakness. Furthermore, misuse of financial resources threatens the resources transfer. Recommendations to improve decentralization and health resources transfer included effective enforcement of decentralization's laws and policies, strengthening local governments' capacities, adequate funding, and evaluation of the resources transfer process. CONCLUSIONS: An analysis of the preconditions for a successful resources transfer is needed to provide guidance to policy.
"Public Law 110-429." ; "122 Stat. 4842." ; "Oct. 15, 2008 (H.R. 7177)." ; Title from title screen (viewed on Jan. 27, 2009). ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Mode of access: Internet from the GPO Access web site. Addresses as of 1/27/09: http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=110%5Fcong%5Fpublic%5Flaws&docid=f:publ429.110 (text version), http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=110%5Fcong%5Fpublic%5Flaws&docid=f:publ429.110.pdf (PDF version) ; current access is available via PURLs.
Cover page -- Halftitle page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- CONTENTS -- TABLES -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- Part I RECONCEPTUALIZING DEVELOPMENT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1 THE FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPMENT -- THE CONCEPTUALIZATION PROBLEM -- THE CONCEPTUAL SHIFTS -- CONCEPTUAL REDIAGNOSIS -- THE FRAMEWORK FOR RECONCEPTUALIZATION -- CONCEPTUALIZING THE PROCESS -- 2 THE COST OF MISCONCEPTIONS -- FLAWED PRESCRIPTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT -- THE CRISIS OF INSTITUTIONS -- PUTTING THE PACIFIC RIM IN CONTEXT -- 3 SELF-RELIANCE AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT -- REDEFINING DEPENDENCY -- SELF-RELIANCE, INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY -- THE CASE FOR RECONCEPTUALIZING DEVELOPMENT STUDIES -- 4 AN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT-BASED APPROACH TO TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER -- INTRODUCTION -- CHANGES IN THE INTERNATIONA L SCENE -- INFORMATION AND ECONOMICS -- INFORMATION AND ORGANIZATIONS -- INFORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT -- INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY -- INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER -- 5 USING THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF INFORMATION SCIENCE -- THE INFORMATON SCIENCE FRAMEWORK -- NATIONAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT -- INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITY AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT -- KNOWLEDGE DEPENDENCY AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT -- REDEFINING TECHNOLOGY AND THE TRANSFER PROCESS -- INFORMATION, INSTITUTIONS, AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER -- CONCLUSIONS -- Part II STRATEGIC NATIONAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT -- 6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY CONSIDERATIONS -- INTRODUCTION -- FOCUS OF RESEARCH -- THE ASSUMPTIONS -- OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY -- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY -- CRITERIA FOR CASE SELECTION -- THE NATIONAL POWER ALCOHOL PROGRAMME -- THE NATIONAL CAR PROJECT -- LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH -- 7 THE KENYAN NATIONAL POWER ALCOHOL PROGRAMME -- PREAMBLE -- INTRODUCTION -- THE ETHANOL TECHNOLOGY PROCESS
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AbstractIn many countries, healthcare systems encounter the issue of imbalance between supply and demand in a hierarchical structure. The comprehensive hospitals, which possess more high‐quality resources, are often overwhelmed, while their counterparts, community hospitals, are often idle. To address this imbalance issue, certain payment schemes are generally considered effective in motivating comprehensive hospitals to divert patients downstream via resource transfer. In addition to two particular payment schemes, namely, patient payment (PP) and fee‐for‐capacity (FFC), this study also considers two hospital alliance models, the government‐led (GL‐type) and the hospital‐forged (HF‐type) alliance, for effectively overcoming the imbalance issue. Compared to the HF‐type alliance, in which each community hospital determines the price paid to the comprehensive hospital for transferring resources, the GL‐type alliance requires the payment price to be set by the regulator. Methodologically, this study devises a three‐stage sequential game to characterize the dynamics among the various entities, such as the regulator, the comprehensive hospital, the community hospitals, and the patients. Equilibrium results, in terms of the capacity sinking rate and patient transfer rate, are derived, and scheme and alliance performances are evaluated using various measurements, such as patient utility, and hospital and social welfare. We find that a direct payment scheme (FFC) under a centralized alliance model (GL‐type alliance) is more effective for both making decisions (about the patient transfer rate, capacity sinking rate, and payment price) and the performances (of each hospital's welfare, patient welfare, the waiting time per patient, and social welfare). Furthermore, our study examines the impacts of the alliance scale and finds that social welfare is first decreasing and then increasing with alliance scale. Therefore, it is suggested to establish either a one‐to‐one hospital alliance (consisting of a comprehensive and a community hospital) or a large‐scale (e.g., a comprehensive and 10 community hospitals) hospital alliance.
Public policies in many diverse fields have implications for the transfer of resources between sectors. Administered agricultural prices, taxes, subsidies, an overvalued currency and protection provided to producers are examples of some of the policies that have been used by many governments in mobilizing resources for development. From the vantage point of assessing the past performance and development prospects of the agricultural sector, it is useful to have an idea about the direction and extent of the resource transfer from this sector. The knowledge of the policy instruments used to bring about the transfer is also important. While the size of the transfer is a measure of the overall incentives being provided, the tools used for the transfer have unique implications for efficiency, equity and growth outcomes. The purpose of the paper is confined to: (i) an estimation of the magnitude of the transfer for the period 1972-73 to 1986-87; and (ii) identification, in broad terms, of the direction that the restructured public policies may take.
