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Working paper
Conventional or reverse magnitude effect for negative outcomes: A matter of framing
In: Review of financial economics: RFE, Band 42, Heft 2, S. 109-123
ISSN: 1873-5924
AbstractWe present and expand existing theories about why individuals may assess positive outcomes differently from negative outcomes in intertemporal choices. All of our theories—based on utility or cost considerations – predict a conventional magnitude effect for positive outcomes, that is, a negative relation between outcome size and subjective discount rates. For negative outcomes, however, implications are different for utility‐ and cost‐based approaches. We argue that the relevance of utility‐based aspects is strengthened in a money frame, leading to a conventional magnitude effect even for negative outcomes, whereas cost‐based considerations gain in importance in an interest rate frame, implying, in contrast, a "reverse" magnitude effect, that is, higher discount rates for (absolutely) higher outcome size. A web‐based experiment with 676 participants confirms our theoretical findings: the conventional magnitude effect prevails for positive outcomes in the money and the interest rate frame and negative outcomes in the money frame. However, there is a reverse magnitude effect for negative outcomes in the interest rate frame. Our results might help to better understand prevailing magnitude effects in practical applications and might also be apt to derive suggestions for better designing of intertemporal decision problems.
Reverse common ratio effect
In: Journal of risk and uncertainty, Band 40, Heft 3, S. 219-241
ISSN: 1573-0476
Reverse engineering and emotional attachments as mechanisms mediating the effects of quantification
In: Historical social research: HSR-Retrospective (HSR-Retro) = Historische Sozialforschung, Band 41, Heft 2, S. 280-304
ISSN: 2366-6846
Alain Desrosières understood statistics as simultaneous representations of the world and interventions in it. This article examines two mechanisms that mediate how numbers do both. The first, reverse engineering, describes how working backwards from a desired number shapes organizational routines. The second, emotional attachment, describes the processes by which numbers generate a variety of emotions that sometimes stimulate collective identities. Focusing on educational rankings but including examples of other types of numbers, it argues for the importance of disclosing the effects of specific causal mechanisms in the analysis of particular performance measures.
Magnitudes of Experimental Effects in Social Science Research
In: Evaluation review: a journal of applied social research, Band 6, Heft 5, S. 579-600
ISSN: 0193-841X, 0164-0259
Procedures for Estimating Magnitude of Effects
In: The journal of psychology: interdisciplinary and applied, Band 83, Heft 1, S. 151-161
ISSN: 1940-1019
Effect of Reinforcement Magnitude on Nonconformity
In: The Journal of social psychology, Band 86, Heft 1, S. 11-22
ISSN: 1940-1183
Magnitudes of Experimental Effects in Social Science Research
In: Evaluation review: a journal of applied social research, Band 6, Heft 5, S. 579-600
ISSN: 1552-3926
How the magnitude of an experimental effect may be measured has been a matter of concern for at least two decades. The phenomenon of effect size is still not well under stood, and it cannot be inferred from statistical significance. In recent years various ways of assessing the amount of variance accounted for have been proposed as measures of magnitude of effect. Other writers have proposed rulesfor standardizing effect size, with the interpretations of the measures depending largely on intuitions buttressed by some further general empirical norms. All the methods of assessing effect size have serious flaws that limit their usefulness. The various statistical procedures for estimating variance accounted for are based on different statistical models and can produce rather sharply differing results, depending on the model employed. All the methods suffer from the limitation that they reflect to too great an extent the particular characteristics of the study being reported and hence have limited generalizability.
SSRN
Energy Security in Malaysia: Magnitude and the Economic Effects
In: Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies (Volume 51, No. 2, 2014, Pages 167 to 181)
SSRN
Economic Magnitudes Within Reason
SSRN
The Effects of District Magnitude on Voting Behavior
In: The journal of politics: JOP, Band 79, Heft 1, S. 356-361
ISSN: 1468-2508
The Effects of District Magnitude on Voting Behavior
In: The journal of politics: JOP, Band 79, Heft 1, S. 356
ISSN: 0022-3816
The Effects of District Magnitude on Voting Behavior
In: The journal of politics: JOP
ISSN: 0022-3816
Legislators' local roots: Disentangling the effect of district magnitude
In: Party politics: an international journal for the study of political parties and political organizations, Band 20, Heft 6, S. 904-917
ISSN: 1460-3683
District magnitude structures the options open to voters and shapes the incentives legislators have to cultivate a personal reputation. But district magnitude can be a proxy of different 'mechanisms' tying to the electoral rules the one trait that is capable of attracting a personal vote across a wide range of electoral systems: that is, a legislator's local roots. For the first time, recent alternative measures regarding the underlying causal variable are tested using new data in the six countries. On the one hand, district magnitude is found to have the predicted differential effect on legislators' local office-holding in open-list and closed-list systems. Even as the number of legislators having held local office decreases as their electoral constituency grows in size, on the other hand it is intra-party competition that is the key.