Suchergebnisse

Interstate rivalry not only influences a country's international behavior, but also its domestic conduct. Here, I focus on the connection between interstate rivalry and domestic government mass killing, specifically genocide and politicide. I argue that interstate rivalry has both direct and indirect influences on a government's decision to use mass violence against its civilian population. Directly, countries engaged in rivalry experience a heightened state of military tension, which increases the likelihood that the country will resort to political mass killing when handling domestic dissent. Indirectly, rivalry increases the likelihood of both inter- and intrastate conflict, which also increases the likelihood of genocide and politicide. Statistical analysis of all country-years from 1955 to 2011 reveals that interstate rivals are more likely to engage in genocide and politicide than are other states. This research illustrates the way in which interstate rivalry influences a state's domestic politics and shapes the interactions between government and population. It also highlights the importance of how the international threat environment affects a state's willingness to engage in domestic political mass murder. These findings indicate that rivals do not only engage in the most violent interstate behavior, but also some of the deadliest domestic politics, as well.

Despite the importance of enduring rivalries, to date, little attention has been placed on understanding how they develop. Here, two broad approaches to protracted rivalry development, behavioral & structural, are contrasted. The behavioral approach focuses on the actions of the potential rivals during their early confrontations, & argues that initial behavior will establish the direction of future interactions. The structural approach proposes that rivalries are caused by environmental factors largely out of the immediate control of the participants. When tested, we find that the development of proto- & enduring rivalries can be explained best by a combination of both approaches. We also find that longer-term rivalries do not appear to have one single cause, but may instead be produced by the confluence of many small factors. 3 Tables, 60 References. Adapted from the source document.

Trends in military expenditures in the US, Western Europe, and Japan.

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