Suchergebnisse

Le role les forces paysannes dans l'élaboration de la politique agricole commune, par Hélène Delorme
En matière agricole les institutions européennes disposent de pouvoirs largement définis. Mais les profondes oppositions d'intérêts entre les Etats membres n'ont pas permis de préciser dès l'origine le contenu de la politique à suivre. Ainsi les forces agricoles ont été incitées à participer de près à l'élaboration de la politique agricole européenne. Elles ont utilisé dans ce but trois types de stratégies. L'alliance avec le gouvernement national est la plus fréquemment observée. A l'échelon européen, l'entente avec la Commission semble l'accès privilégié à la décision communautaire. Enfin, différentes formes de fronts paysans européens se constituent parfois. L'introduction récente de l'opinion agricole dans les discussions communautaires pose ainsi le problème de l'adaptation des mécanismes institutionnels existants.

The sexual division of effective labour does not correspond to that presented in indigenous representations of gender roles. This article analyses the case of Indians Nahuas from Mexico, whose ideology gives men the place of farmers and women those of housewives, cookers, weeds and pots. These are their social functions, tequitl (tekitl). There shall be no downgrading of female tasks: they are seen as a counterpart to those of men and are also essential. In practice, women's time use is wider and varies according to the main economic activity of the unit. It is the husband who decides what this main activity is. The wife must comply with the husband's decisions, but she sometimes acts as assistant and substitute for the husband and sometimes as a direct workforce. These women's places in work vary depending on whether the unit is oriented towards commercial agriculture and trade, subsistence farming or the husband's stable labourer. ; The effective sexual division of labor and work is no longer coincident with the indigenous representations of genders. This paper analyzes the case of Nahua Indians of Mexico. Their ideology presents men as cultivators and women as housewives that are cooking, weaving and making pottery. Thoses are their social function or tequitl (tekitl). The female tasks are not devalued and appear as a counterpart of male tasks. But in fact the use of women' time is wider and varies with the main economic activity of the unity. The husband chooses what is this activity and his wife obeys, but she acts as assistant or standing for his husband, or as direct labor force. The female places in working vary from unity to unity, according to the main activity is oriented by cash-crop and trade, or by agriculture of subsistence, or by wage earning in secure worker job. ; The sexual division of effective labour does not correspond to that presented in indigenous representations of gender roles. This article analyses the case of Indians Nahuas from Mexico, whose ideology gives men the place of farmers ...