Suchergebnisse

Toutes les armées éprouvent le besoin de disposer de textes susceptibles d'inspirer et d'orienter les comportements ; il en est ainsi des puissances majeures que sont l'Allemagne, les États-Unis, la France, le Royaume-Uni et même en son temps l'Union soviétique. Une étude comparative des textes de chacune de ces armées est particulièrement éclairante. Au-delà des diversités de forme, elle révèle une véritable exception américaine dans la prééminence de la victoire absolue, au détriment d'une notion récurrente chez les Européens, celle de la maîtrise de la violence.

This article analyses the evolution of Brazilian military thinking over the past three decades. I examine the origins of strategic changes during the post-Cold War era, contrastingthe processes that have occurred in the Army and the Navy, in respect to: relations with the hegemonic power, Brazil's insertion into the world, the Armed Forces mission. The paper emphasizes the fundamental role of technology in the Navy's development, and the continuity of Cold War era doctrines in the Army. Nevertheless, both branches have undergone ignificant changesin their strategic conceptions. ; Este artigo analisa a evolução do pensamento militar brasileiro nas últimas três décadas. Examinamos as origens das mudanças estratégicas no período pós-guerra fria, contrastando os processos ocorridos no Exército e na Marinha, quanto a: relações com a potência hegemônica, inserção do Brasil no mundo e missão das Forças Armadas. O texto ressalta o papel fundamental da tecnologia no desenvolvimento da Marinha e a continuidade de elementos doutrinários da guerra fria no Exército. No entanto, ambas as forças sofreram significativas mudanças em suas concepções estratégicas.

Since the 1990s, African armed forces have been the subject of significant amount of doctrinal production devoted to Security Sector Reform (SSR). However, beyond the efforts to rebuild fragile security apparatuses, it's worth to indicate that one dimension has been underestimated: the process of civil-military hybridisation of the armed forces, which is less commonly used under the expression "dual forces" constitutes the main objective of this study. The dual function of the army is its ability to conduct defense and development missions. In this perspective, the military engineers, "building arm" of the State of Cameroon, is regularly commissioned to carry out local development missions. How do Cameroonian military engineers apprehend the concept of "dual force"? What are the effects of civil-military action on the relationship between the army, politics and the population? How does this public policy evolve? Using a qualitative approach, this study shows that dualisation is no longer an accidental process implemented in a sporadic way, but constitutes a structured public policy. However, it encounters difficulties: on the one hand, the political authorities are cautious of the negative developments of a practice likely to set up the army as an economic actor with the drifts observed in the Egyptian model. On the other hand, the army is still very attached to its martial identity. Nevertheless, dualisation consolidates the relationship between the military, politics and the population, holding the hope for strengthening the army-nation nexus. ; Depuis les années 1990, les forces armées africaines sont l'objet d'une importante production doctrinale consacrée à la Réforme du Secteur de la Sécurité (RSS). Cependant, par-delà les efforts tendant à refonder des appareils sécuritaires fragiles, force est de constater qu'une dimension a été sous-estimée : il s'agit du processus d'hybridation civilo-militaire des forces armées qui, sous le vocable moins usité de « force duale », constitue l'objet central de ce ...

Since the 1990s, African armed forces have been the subject of significant amount of doctrinal production devoted to Security Sector Reform (SSR). However, beyond the efforts to rebuild fragile security apparatuses, it's worth to indicate that one dimension has been underestimated: the process of civil-military hybridisation of the armed forces, which is less commonly used under the expression "dual forces" constitutes the main objective of this study. The dual function of the army is its ability to conduct defense and development missions. In this perspective, the military engineers, "building arm" of the State of Cameroon, is regularly commissioned to carry out local development missions. How do Cameroonian military engineers apprehend the concept of "dual force"? What are the effects of civil-military action on the relationship between the army, politics and the population? How does this public policy evolve? Using a qualitative approach, this study shows that dualisation is no longer an accidental process implemented in a sporadic way, but constitutes a structured public policy. However, it encounters difficulties: on the one hand, the political authorities are cautious of the negative developments of a practice likely to set up the army as an economic actor with the drifts observed in the Egyptian model. On the other hand, the army is still very attached to its martial identity. Nevertheless, dualisation consolidates the relationship between the military, politics and the population, holding the hope for strengthening the army-nation nexus. ; Depuis les années 1990, les forces armées africaines sont l'objet d'une importante production doctrinale consacrée à la Réforme du Secteur de la Sécurité (RSS). Cependant, par-delà les efforts tendant à refonder des appareils sécuritaires fragiles, force est de constater qu'une dimension a été sous-estimée : il s'agit du processus d'hybridation civilo-militaire des forces armées qui, sous le vocable moins usité de « force duale », constitue l'objet central de ce travail. La fonction duale de l'armée est sa capacité à conduire des missions de défense et de développement. Dans cette perspective, le Génie, « bras bâtisseur » de l'État au Cameroun est régulièrement commissionné pour assurer des missions d'aménagement du territoire. Comment le Génie militaire camerounais s'approprie-t-il le concept de « force duale »? Quelles sont les effets de l'action civilo-militaire sur les relations entre l'armée, le politique et les populations? Comment évolue cette politique publique ? A l'aide d'une méthode qualitative, ce travail montre que la dualisation ne relève plus d'une démarche fortuite mise en œuvre de façon sporadique mais qu'elle constitue une politique publique structurée. Toutefois, elle rencontre des difficultés : d'une part, le politique se méfie des évolutions négatives d'une pratique susceptible d'ériger l'armée en acteur économique avec les dérives constatées dans le modèle égyptien. D'autre part, l'armée est encore très attachée à son identité martiale. Il n'en reste pas moins que la dualisation reconfigure les rapports entre le militaire, le politique et les populations, en des termes porteurs d'espoir pour le renforcement du lien armée-nation.