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" . for the Atomic Energy Commission acting under U.S. government contract No. W7405 eng 26."--Cover. ; "Date of issue: March 28, 1957 ; Report Number: K-1322 ; Subject category: Physics." ; Mode of access: Internet.

The Federal District Court for the Northern District of Illinois recently adopted a rule providing for submission of the issues of negligence to a jury before evidence on the issue of damages is introduced (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the bifurcation rule or split trial rule). While reflecting a commendable spirit of judicial responsibility for reducing court congestion, the issue of its propriety raises some of the most subtle and difficult problems of the proper relation of courts to legislature in our system of independent branches of government; of the characterization of matters as substantive and procedural for various purposes; of the common law system of case by case development as opposed to legislation by act or rule; and of the effect of constitutional limitations in inhibiting proposed solutions to pressing problems. Our procedural principles are sufficiently broad, and we have sufficient analogous devices so that precedent can be found to embellish an opinion finding the requisite power in our courts to uphold the bifurcation rule. But the rule must be considered in the context of the structure of our tort law as it in fact has developed into a working institution for compensating the injured. The effective legal rights of injured persons are based upon substantive rights--the law of negligence, contributory negligence and allowable damages--as attenuated, warped and reinforced by the hazards, the costs and the ameliorating influences of our procedures for obtaining remedies. Any change of procedure which makes it more or less difficult to obtain a remedy will have an impact on a party's effective legal rights, will shift the balance somewhat between plaintiffs and defendants. Where the effective legal rights are only minutely affected, this result of a proposed change in procedure can be ignored. The bifurcation rule, however, has within it potentialities for a major change in the relative position of plaintiffs and defendants in negligence cases and the rule cannot be appraised merely by ...

The M. H. Ross Papers contain information pertaining to labor, politics, social issues of the twentieth century, coal mining and its resulting lifestyle, as well as photographs and audio materials. The collection is made up of five different accessions; L2001-05, which is contained in boxes one through 104, L2002-09 in boxes 106 through 120, L2006-16 in boxes 105 and 120, L2001-01 in boxes 120-121, and L2012-20 in boxes 122-125. The campaign materials consist of items from the 1940 and 1948 political campaigns in which Ross participated. These items include campaign cards, posters, speech transcripts, news clippings, rally materials, letters to voters, and fliers. Organizing and arbitration materials covers labor organizing events from "Operation Dixie" in Georgia, the furniture workers in North Carolina, and the Mine-Mill workers in the Western United States. Organizing materials include fliers, correspondence, news articles, radio transcripts, and some related photos. Arbitration files consist of agreements, decisions, and agreement booklets. The social and political research files cover a wide time period (1930's to the late 1970's/early 1980's). The topics include mainly the Ku Klux Klan, racism, Communism, Red Scare, red baiting, United States history, and literature. These files consist mostly of news and journal articles. Ross interacted with coal miners while doing work for the United Mine Workers Association (UMWA) and while working at the Fairmont Clinic in West Virginia. Included in these related files are books, news articles, journals, UMWA reports, and coal miner oral histories conducted by Ross. Tying in to all of the activities Ross participated in during his life were his research and manuscript files. He wrote numerous newspaper and journal articles on history and labor. Later, as he worked for the UMWA and at the Fairmont Clinic, he wrote more in-depth articles about coal miners, their lifestyle, and medical problems they faced (while the Southern Labor Archives has many of Ross's coal mining and lifestyle articles, it does not have any of his medical articles). Along with these articles are the research files Ross collected to write them, which consist of notes, books, and newspaper and journal articles. In additional to his professional career, Ross was adamant about documenting his and his wife's family history in the oral history format. Of particular interest are the recordings of his interviews with his wife's family - they were workers, musicians, and singers of labor and folk songs. Finally, in this collection are a number of photographs and slides, which include images of organizing, coal mining (from the late 19th through 20th centuries), and Appalachia. Of note is a small photo album from the 1930s which contains images from the Summer School for Workers, and more labor organizing. A few audio items are available as well, such as Ross political speeches and an oral history in which Ross was interviewed by his daughter, Jane Ross Davis in 1986. All photographic and audio-visual materials are at the end of their respective series. ; Myron Howard "Mike" Ross was born November 9, 1919 in New York City. He dropped out of school when he was seventeen and moved to Texas, where he worked on a farm. From 1936 until 1939, Ross worked in a bakery in North Carolina. In the summer of 1938, he attended the Southern School for Workers in Asheville, North Carolina. During the fall of 1938, Ross would attend the first Southern Conference on Human Welfare in Birmingham, Alabama. He would attend this conference again in 1940 in Chattanooga, Tennessee. From 1939 to 1940, Ross worked for the United Mine Workers Non-Partisan League in North Carolina, working under John L. Lewis. He was hired as a union organizer by the United Mine Workers of America, and sent to Saltville, Virginia and Rockwood, Tennessee. In 1940, Ross ran for a seat on city council on the People's Platform in Charlotte, North Carolina. During this time, he also married Anne "Buddie" West of Kennesaw, Georgia. From 1941 until 1945, Ross served as an infantryman for the United States Army. He sustained injuries near the Battle of the Bulge in the winter of 1944. From 1945 until 1949, Ross worked for the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers, then part of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), as a union organizer. He was sent to Macon, Georgia, Savannah, Georgia and to Winston-Salem, North Carolina, where he worked with the United Furniture Workers Union. He began handling arbitration for the unions. In 1948, Ross ran for United States Congress on the Progressive Party ticket in North Carolina. He also served as the secretary for the North Carolina Progressive Party. Ross attended the University of North Carolina law school from 1949 to 1952. He graduated with honors but was denied the bar on the grounds of "character." From 1952 until 1955, he worked for the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers as a union organizer, first in New Mexico (potash mines) and then in Arizona (copper mines). From 1955 to 1957, Ross attended the Columbia University School of Public Health. He worked for the United Mine Workers of America Welfare and Retirement Fund from 1957 to 1958, where he represented the union in expenditure of health care for mining workers. By 1958, Ross began plans for what would become the Fairmont Clinic, a prepaid group practice in Fairmont, West Virginia, which had the mission of providing high quality medical care for miners and their families. From 1958 until 1978, Ross served as administrator of the Fairmont Clinic. As a result of this work, Ross began researching coal mining, especially coal mining lifestyle, heritage and history of coal mining and disasters. He would interview over one hundred miners (coal miners). Eventually, Ross began writing a manuscript about the history of coal mining. Working for the Rural Practice Program of the University of North Carolina from 1980 until 1987, Ross taught in the medical school. M. H. Ross died on January 31, 1987 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. ; Digitization of the M. H. Ross Papers was funded by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission.

Considers (83) S. 1448, (83) S. 1524, (83) S. 1527, (83) S. 1528, (83) S. 1529, (83) S. 1530, (83) S. 1546. ; Considers legislation on extension and revision of routine wartime management and administrative practices. ; Record is based on bibliographic data in CIS US Congressional Committee Hearings Index. Reuse except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; Indexed in CIS US Congressional Committee Hearings Index Part VI ; Considers (83) S. 1448, (83) S. 1524, (83) S. 1527, (83) S. 1528, (83) S. 1529, (83) S. 1530, (83) S. 1546. ; Considers legislation on extension and revision of routine wartime management and administrative practices. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Recent studies show that metropolitan trial courts have far larger case-loads than other courts. These loads differ in substance from those of nonmetropolitan courts, being disproportionately weighted with special types of cases, such as criminal, mental, alcoholic, traffic, domestic relations cases, and litigation otherwise related to the special behavior of metropolitan populations. Metropolitan court systems usually are complex, overlapping, and not adjusted to the geo graphic area to be served. Because of the special structural patterns of metropolitan courts, and the special conditions under which they operate, delay in disposing of cases is espe cially and predominantly a metropolitan court problem. In these courts, ever increasing pressure to speed up the tempo of justice is balanced by the need to avoid perfunctory routine disposition, so as to defeat the very purpose of seeking justice. To overcome both aspects of this leering monster—delay and perfunctory routine—is the special problem of metropolitan courts.

Recent studies show that metropolitan trial courts have far larger case-loads than other courts. These loads differ in substance from those of nonmetropolitan courts, being disproportionately weighted with special types of cases, such as criminal, mental, alcoholic, traffic, domestic relations cases, & litigation otherwise related to the special behavior of metropolitan pop's, Metropolitan court systems usually are complex, overlapping, & not adjusted to the geographic area to be served. Because of the special structural patterns of metropolitan courts, & the special conditions under which they operate, delay in disposing of cases is esp & predominantly a metropolitan court problem. In these courts, ever increasing pressure to speed up the tempo of justice is balanced by the need to avoid perfunctory routine disposition, so as to defeat the very purpose of seeking justice. To overcome both aspects of this leering monster-delay & perfunctory routine-is the special problem of metropolitan courts. AA.