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Everyone has internet access and is connected to social media in today's fast-paced world. Numerous pieces of data are disseminated on these websites, but there is no reliable source for confirmation or verification. This is where rumors come into play. Rumors are deliberate fabrications intended to sway or drastically alter popular opinion, and their impact can be seen in politics, especially during elections, and on social media. Thus, to resolve this problem, a rumor detector is needed that is capable of accurately indicating whether information is false or real. We implemented algorithms such as Multinomial Naive Bayes, Gradient Boosting, and Random Forest on complex datasets to get this Rumor Detection System closer to more reliable rumor performance. Accuracy of Multinomial Naive Bayes is approximately 90.4Forestitwas86.588.3.

Social media platforms are one of the fastest ways to disseminate information but they have also been used as a means to spread rumors. If left unchecked, rumors have serious consequences. Counter-rumors, messages used to refute rumors, are an important means of rumor curtailment. The objective of this paper is to examine the types of rumor and counter-rumor messages generated in Twitter in response to the falsely reported death of a politician, Lee Kuan Yew, who was Singapore's first Prime Minister. Our content analysis of 4321Twitter tweets about Lee's death revealed six categories of rumor messages, four categories ofcounter-rumor messages and two categories belonging to neither type. Interestingly, there were more counter-rumor messages than rumor messages. Our results thus suggest that, at least in the context of our study, online users do make an attempt to stop the spread of false rumors through counter-rumors.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Rumor Matters: An Introductory Essay -- I: THE SOCIAL PRODUCTION OF CONFLICT AND PREJUDICE -- Introduction -- 1 Dramatic Rumors and Truthful Appearances: The Medieval Myth of Ritual Murder by Proxy -- 2 Rumors in Times of War and Cataclysm: A Historical Perspective -- 3 Rumors and Religious Riots -- 4 Mafia in Meran?: Rumors and Legends Surrounding the "Leather Connection": A Case Study -- II: THE SPREAD OF RUMORS -- Introduction -- 5 Psychological Motivations in Rumor Spread -- 6 From Evil Others to Evil Elites: A Dominant Pattern in Conspiracy Theories Today -- 7 Legend/AntiLegend: Humor as an Integral Part of the Contemporary Legend Process -- 8 How Rumor Begets Rumor: Collective Memory, Ethnic Con?ict, and Reproductive Rumors in Cameroon -- 9 The Effects of Legends, Rumors, and Related Genres on Audiences -- III: THE CREATION OF PLAUSIBILITY -- Introduction -- 10 Fashion, Topical Jokes, and Rumor as Short-Term Enthusiasms -- 11 Celebrating Arabs and Grateful Terrorists: Rumor and the Politics of Plausibility -- 12 Beyond Rumor and Legend: Some Aspects of Academic Communication -- 13 Negatory Rumors: From the Denial of Reality to Conspiracy Theory -- 14 Social Construction and Social Consequences: Rumors and Evidence -- Conclusion-Rumor and Legend: Seven Questions -- Index

AbstractIn 1992, Jet published "James Cleveland Infected L.A. Youth with HIV, $9 Mil. Lawsuit Claims," which detailed how the Chicago-born gospel musician had not only allegedly sexually abused his foster son, Christopher B. Harris, but had also "[given] him the AIDS virus." This article takes this incident of rumor or accusation as a critical opportunity to think about the archival reality of Black queer sexuality, on one hand, and sexual violence in Black gospel music history on the other. Using the legal documents from Christopher B. Harris v. Irwin Goldring as Special Administrator of the Estate of James Cleveland and commentary from Cleveland's contemporaries, it exhumes Cleveland from dusty church closets for consideration in the history of HIV and AIDS in African American Protestant church and gospel communities and in Black queer studies, ethnomusicology, and gender and sexuality studies. Further, it theorizes "Black church rumor" as a lens for Black queer religious studies and argues that Cleveland's perceived queer sexuality distracted from Harris's allegations of sexual abuse. Thus, it situates Cleveland—the person, the preacher, and the gospel legend—in the literature on "down low" sexuality and explicates the implications of Cleveland's legacy and role in Black gospel music production.

This article seeks to examine the relationships among source credibility, message plausibility, message type (rumor or rumor correction) and retransmission of tweets in a rumoring situation. From a total of 5,885 tweets related to the rumored death of the founding father of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew, 357 original tweets without an "RT" prefix were selected and analyzed using negative binomial regression analysis. The results show that source credibility and message plausibility are correlated with retransmission. Also, rumor correction tweets are retweeted more than rumor tweets. Moreover, message type moderates the relationship between source credibility and retransmission as well as that between message plausibility and retransmission. By highlighting some implications for theory and practice, this article concludes with some limitations and suggestions for further research.