The objective of the research was to analyze some international standards for the safety of people who attend criminal justice from different approaches and perspectives of analysis. Based on a meaningful analysis of the provisions of international and regional regulatory legal acts, the document presents approaches to the formation of standards to ensure the safety of persons who contribute to criminal justice. Methodologically, the work applied the provisions of dialectics, general, special and particular scientific methods. In the course of the study, scientific-historical, formal-legal, formal-logical, systemic and comparative methods were also used. It is concluded that the system of security measures for people who cooperate with criminal justice has significant differences in the different national criminal justice systems, which complicates international relations and cooperation in this area and does not allow the international community to advise effectively and comprehensively, while continuously generating challenges and threats.
Powołując się na odnośne przepisy Prawa Ukrainy, artykuł skupia się na tych postanowieniach, które dotyczą gwarancji bezpieczeństwa osób biorących udział w postępowaniu karnym dla zapewnienia właściwego przestrzegania prawa. Po analizie rozmaitych ról, w których jednostka może wystąpić w postępowaniu karnym, wymieniono środki gwarantujące bezpieczeństwo i omówiono je w nawiązaniu do poszczególnych ról. W dalszej części artykuł przedstawia prawa osób objętych ochroną oraz obowiązki prokuratury i sądów. Artykuł zamyka lista czynności i środków zaradczych, które mogą zostać wykorzystane przez inspektorów wobec osób biorących udział w postępowaniach karnych. ; Ссылаясь на соответствующие положения законодательства Украины, автор концентрируется на решениях, касающихся гарантий безопасности лицам, принимающим участие в уголовном процессе для обеспечения соответству- ющего соблюдения закона. После анализа разнообразных ролей, в которых может выступать человек в уголовном процессе, были приведены средства га- рантирующие его безопасность и проведен их анализ на отдельных примерах. В статье указаны права лиц находящихся под охраной, а также обязанности прокуратуры и судов. Статья заканчивается списком действий и предохранительных шагов, которые могут использовать инспекторы в отношении к лицами принимающим участие в уголовном процессе. ; Referring constantly to relevant regulations of the Law of Ukraine, the article examines Ukrainian legislation pertaining to the safety guarantee for persons participating in criminal legal proceedings to ensure appropriate enforcement of justice. An analysis of an array of roles one may assume in criminal legal proceedings is followed by a listing of measures for guaranteeing safety, discussed in reference to the roles. Further, the rights of persons taken under the protection and relevant obligations of public prosecutors and courts are quoted. The article closes by listing safety guarantee-related activities and remedial actions that inspectors may use towards persons participating in criminal legal proceedings.
Curb ramps, which are necessary to enable some persons with physical disabilities to negotiate street crossings, appear to put persons with visual impairments at risk. In 39 percent of 557 approaches to unfamiliar streets via curb ramps, persons who travel using a long cane were unable to detect the streets and to stop before entering them. Street detection was highly associated with the angle of the slope, the abruptness of the change from the approaching sidewalk to the curb ramp, and the location of curb ramps.
Since the inception of the 2003 Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA), its reception has been notably ambivalent among practitioners and scholars. While this policy was promoted as a means of enhancing safety in carceral facilities, some view it as a superfluous inconvenience. Unfortunately, the intended beneficiaries of PREA have been largely excluded from this discourse. The current study addresses this gaping oversight by examining perceptual predictors of safety among those housed across four prisons in a southeastern state. Using survey data collected from more than 1500 incarcerated men, this study examines the relationship between self-reported safety indicators and a variety of policy compliance proxies, facility resource measures, interpersonal relationships between staff and inmates, and other relevant themes. The results of this study reveal that some measures of PREA compliance, specifically investigation efficiency and knowledge of the reporting process, are positively related to the respondent's sense of safety from inmate violence as well as safety from staff violence. Prison resources, staff interactions, exposure to violence, and other notable predictors are also significantly related to safety perceptions. These findings underscore the importance of the quality of PREA implementation in conjunction with resource sufficiency and constructive interactions with staff.
PurposeThe research aimed to uncover leader profiles based on combinations of transformational (TFL), transactional (TAL) and passive leadership (PAL) and to examine how such constellations affect safety. Leader adaptability was tested as an antecedent of leader profiles.Design/methodology/approachUsing latent profile analysis, the effect of different leader profiles on workplace safety was investigated in two survey studies.FindingsIn total, four leader profiles emerged: "active," "stable-moderate," "passive-avoidant" and "inconsistent" leader. A stable-moderate leader profile was identified as the optimal leader profile for safety performance. Leader adaptability was identified as a predictor of leader profile membership.Practical implicationsSafety leadership development should focus on training managers in optimal combinations of leadership practices.Originality/valueThe research calls into question the existence of a transformational or transactional leader. The findings suggest that higher frequency of leadership practices is not always more beneficial for workplace safety.
The article is devoted to the study of the parameters of the psychological safety of the subject of professional activity, taking into account the analysis of the professional time perspective. We complemented ideas about the time perspective of the individual within the professional context. The problem of taking into account the professional time perspective of the future is updated, the essential characteristics of which form the basis for the orientation of the individual in a situation of risk or uncertainty and the search for adequate ways to achieve the goal. It is substantiated that the assessment of the remaining time as a longer period allows focusing on opportunities, which gives reason to consider a person from the position of conscious regulation of activity. The parameters of the psychological safety of a person with a different level of professional time perspective are determined. It is described that respondents with a high level of assessment of the remaining life time are distinguished by a steady tendency towards planning the results of activities, programming ways of behaviour when achieving goals, behaviour stability in a situation of risk or uncertainty, and a high level of awareness in the framework of production activities. It was determined that respondents who assess the remaining life time as a limited period are characterised by a low level of development of ideas about the factors influencing the professional process, inadequacy of the assessment of significant circumstances, the consequences of their own actions, low criticality in relation to their actions and deeds.
The article deals with the issue of social protection of internally displaced persons. Attention is drawn to their safety in modern realities. The concept of internally displaced persons is defined. The status of legislative and governmental support for internally displaced persons is analyzed. The problems with which internally displaced persons may face in the presents it auction are highlighted. The international experience of state support for social protection and safety of internally displaced persons is researched. The ways of solving urgent problems of internally displaced persons are offered.Key words: internally displaced person, social protection, armed conflict, EDBI, security, social package. ; У статті досліджується питання соціального захисту внутрішньо переміщених осіб. Звертається увага на їхню безпеку в сучасних реаліях. Визначається поняття внутрішньо переміщених осіб. Аналізується стан законодавчої та урядової підтримки внутрішньо переміщених осіб. Виділяються проблеми з якими внутрішньо переміщені особи можуть зіткнутися в умовах сьогодення. Досліджується міжнародний досвід державної підтримки соціального захисту та безпеки внутрішньо переміщених осіб. Пропонується шляхи вирішення нагальних проблем внутрішньо переміщених осібКлючові слова: внутрішньо переміщена особа, соціальний захист, збройний конфлікт, ЄДБІ, безпека, соціальний пакет.
How can we justifiably promote respectful treatment of persons on the basis of humanity? In this dissertation, I argue for a good will answer: the humanity we 'owe' respectful treatment is the commitment to moral principle which is only possessed by someone with a good will. If we are to lay claim to respectful treatment on the basis of our humanity, we can justifiably construct 'humanity' as an ideal of moral equality which entails a commitment of placing priority on moral principles over self-interest. The ideal of humanity forbids not only that we should not be mistreated but also that we do not depose ourselves to the shame of humanity. We are just as much commanded not to suffer injustice as not to commit injustice. In other words, a commitment to morality is the necessary condition of the value of a person's ends. This simple view challenges a number of positions in moral and political philosophy on how to treat persons. In particular, it challenges the view that 'humanity' is a value-bestowing property that commits us to the equal dignity of all individuals and to the fundamental fact of shared humanity. It also challenges the view that 'humanity' is just a virtue of caring for those who need to be cared for and those view that construe humanity as a notion rejecting inferiorising treatment of persons. By arguing for a good will answer, I offer an explanation as to why our moral obligation to help others to pursue their ends must not include their immoral ends. ; Wie können wir zu Recht einen respektvollen Umgang mit Menschen auf der Grundlage der Menschlichkeit fördern? In dieser Dissertation plädiere ich für einen guten Willen als Antwort auf die vorherige Frage: Die Menschlichkeit, der wir respektvollen Umgang "schulden", ist das Bekenntnis zum moralischen Prinzip, das nur von jemandem mit einem guten Willen besessen werden kann. Wenn wir auf der Grundlage unserer Menschlichkeit einen Anspruch auf respektvollen Umgang erheben wollen, können wir die "Menschlichkeit" zu Recht als ein Ideal moralischer Gleichheit konstruieren, das die Verpflichtung beinhaltet, moralischen Prinzipien vorrangig vor dem Eigeninteresse zu stellen. Das Ideal der Menschheit verbietet nicht nur, dass wir nicht misshandelt werden, sondern auch, dass wir uns von der Schande der Menschheit absetzen. Uns wird ebenso geboten, keine Ungerechtigkeit zu erleiden, wie keine Ungerechtigkeit zu begehen. Mit anderen Worten: Das Bekenntnis zur Moral ist die notwendige Bedingung für den Wert der Ziele einer Person. Diese einfache Sichtweise stellt eine Reihe von Positionen in der moralischen und politischen Philosophie in Bezug auf den Umgang mit Personen in Frage. Sie stellt insbesondere die Ansicht in Frage, dass "Menschlichkeit" ein wertvolles Eigentum ist, das uns zur gleichen Würde aller Individuen und zur grundlegenden Tatsache der gemeinsamen Menschlichkeit verpflichtet. Es stellt auch die Ansicht in Frage, dass "Menschlichkeit" nur eine Tugend ist, sich um diejenigen zu kümmern, die versorgt werden müssen, so wie jene Sichtweise, die die Menschheit als eine Vorstellung versteht, die die nachrangige Behandlung von Personen ablehnt. Indem ich mich für eine Antwort des guten Willens ausspreche, biete ich eine Erklärung dafür, warum unsere moralische Verpflichtung, anderen zu helfen, ihre Ziele zu verfolgen, nicht ihre unmoralischen Ziele einschließen darf.
In everyday life, in real life, tangible public when looking at human security threats to the public look really "human security" at the national level. Often there is no need to make major survey on human security, because in many urban centres and not only the index of human security perspective can become a point of reference for policy as well as all of the security researchers. The new National Safety adopted in June 2014 and the standards embody the principles of the North Atlantic Alliance, where national security is the foundation for a democratic development and significant economic growth of the country. In academic format, national security is the whole of the efforts undertaken by the state to ensure its survival, through measures of an economic, military, political, intelligence, diplomatic and organizational. The concept of "security" for a long time been interpreted, narrowly: as security of territory from external aggression, such as protection of national interests in foreign policy, etc. Safety has been associated more with countries rather than people, more than the state security and human security. "Traditional security" has been at the centre of the state, and "human security" individual, the people, the community. While the term "security" is any risk of being out of the unexpected for life, being independent in a certain area, where the constitutional guarantee of public order, public and private property, dignity and national values. So the term "security" in the first predetermines human security, community security state. It is for this reason that human safety takes the value of multilateral special analysis and study. Safety is a guarantee for national integrity, the existence of the nation state, which is accomplished through the use of elements of national power: politics, diplomacy, information, economy and military power. Safety is a guarantee in a democratic system "social peace" to society. DOI:10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n2s2p117
