Suchergebnisse

This book addresses the issue of one of the most visible and debated currents in contemporary radical Islam. It sheds light on the history, the fundamental principles, and the political and religious translations of Salafism and explains current events involving Salafist actors in an objective and dispassionate manner. The author explains with precision the different contemporary Salafist mobilizations by illustrating them with specific cases while shedding light on the main debates related to this mode of understanding of the Muslim religion, such as its potential role in triggering certain forms of violence, the way to compare it to other fundamentalist versions in other religions, or the way to describe, in terms of social sciences, the main concepts and discourses that can be observed in this current of Islam today. Mohamed-Ali Adraoui is Research Fellow and Lecturer in International Relations at Sciences Po Paris, France.

On Salafism offers a compelling new understanding of this phenomenon, both its development and contemporary manifestations. Salafism became associated with fundamentalism when the 9/11 Commission used it to explain the terror attacks and has since been connected with the violence of the so-called Islamic State. With this book, Azmi Bishara critically deconstructs claims of continuity between early Islam and modern militancy and makes a counter argument: Salafism is a wholly modern construct informed by specific sociopolitical contexts. Bishara offers a sophisticated account of various movements--such as Wahabbism and Hanbalism--frequently collapsed into simplistic understandings of Salafism. He distinguishes reformist from regressive Salafism, and examines patterns of modernization in the development of contemporary Islamic political movements and associations. In deconstructing the assumptions of linear continuity between traditional and contemporary movements, Bishara details various divergences in both doctrine and context of modern "Salafisms" plural. On Salafism is a crucial read for those interested in Islamism, jihadism, and Middle East politics and history.

1. Introduction: Salafism after the Arab Awakening / Francesco Cavatorta and Fabio Merone. - 2. Revisiting Wiktorowicz: Categorising and Defining the Branches of Salafism / Joas Wagemakers. - 3. Unpacking the Sacred Canopy: Egypt's Salafis between Religion and Politics / Khalil al-Anani. - 4. Lebanon's Salafis: Opportunities and constraints in a divided state / Adham Saouli. - 5. Islamist dilemmas in post-Arab Spring Saudi Arabia / Stephane Lacroix. - 6. Salafi Movements and the Political Process in Morocco / Mohammed Masbah. - 7. The Establishment and Positioning of al-Rashad - a Case Study of Political Salafism in Yemen / Judit Kuschnitzki. - 8. The Dual Effect of the Arab Spring on Salafi Integration: Political Salafism in Jordan / Joas Wagemakers. - 9. Salafi Jihadism and the Syrian civil war: national and international repercussions / Thomas Pierret. - 10. The multi-faceted dimensions of Tunisian Salafism / Stefano Torelli. - 11. Kuwaiti Salafism after the Arab uprisings / Zoltan Pall. - 12. Gender Activism in Salafism: A Case Study of Salafi Women in Tunis / Iris Kolman. - 13. Quietist Salafis, the Arab Spring and the politicization process / Laurent Bonnefoy. - 14. Conclusion / Roel Meijer

Introduction / par Bernard Rougier 1. - Première partie : Trajectoires du salafisme : du désert d'Arabie au cyber-espace. - Le salafisme en Arabie Saoudite / par David Commins 25. - L'apport de Muhammad Nasir Al-Din Al-Albani au salafisme contemporain / par Stéphane Lacroix 45. - Le jihad en Afghanistan et l'émergence du salafisme-jihadisme / par Bernard Rougier 65. - Le rôle d'Internet dans la diffusion de la doctrine salafiste / Par Dominique Thomas 87. - Deuxième partie : le salafisme dans l'espace arabe. - La Péninsule 105. - Violence politique en Arabie Saoudite : grandeur et décadence d' "Al-Qaida dans la péninsule arabique" / par Thomas Hegghammer 105. - Koweït : salafismes et rapports au pouvoir / par Carine Lahoud 123. - L'illusion apolitique : adaptations, évolutions et instrumentalisations du salafisme yéménite / par Laurent Bonnefoy 137. - Le Machrek 161. - L'évolution du salafisme en Syrie au XXe siècle / par Arnaud Lenfant 161. - Fatah Al-Islam : un réseau jihadiste au coeur des contradictions libanaises / par Bernard Rougier 179. - Le Maghreb 211. - Les attentats du 16 mai 2003 à Casablanca et l'émergence du salafisme jihadiste / par Abdallah Tourabi 211. - Troisième partie : La dynamique salafiste en France. - Être salafiste en France / par Mohammed Adraoui 231. - La France face au terrorisme islamique : une typologie du salafisme jihadiste / par Samir Amghar 243. - Trajectoires de Salafis français en Égypte / par Romain Caillet 257

"Violent Islamic extremism is affecting a growing number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In some, jihadi Salafi organizations have established home bases and turned into permanent security challengers. However, other countries have managed to prevent the formation or curb the spread of homegrown jihadi Salafi organizations. In this book, Sebastian Elischer provides a comparative analysis of how different West and East African states have engaged with fundamentalist Muslim groups between the 1950s and today. In doing so, he establishes a causal link between stateimposed organizational gatekeepers in the Islamic sphere and the absence of homegrown jihadi Salafism. Illustrating that the contemporary manifestation of violent Islamic extremism in sub-Saharan Africa is an outcome of strategic political decisions that are deeply embedded in countries' autocratic pasts, he challenges conventional notions of statehood on the African continent, and provides new insight into the evolving relationships between secular and religious authority"--

The past two decades have seen an increasing association between Lebanese Salafism and violence, with less attention being paid to Salafis who focus on peaceful proselytization. In reality, it is these Salafis whose influence has dramatically grown since the eruption of the Syrian conflict that profoundly affected Lebanon as well. Based on extensive fieldwork, Zoltan Pall offers insights into the dynamics of non-violent Lebanese Salafi groups and examines the importance of transnational links in shaping the trajectory of the movement. In particular, he shows how the internal transformation of Salafism in Kuwait, Qatar and Saudi Arabia led to the fragmentation of the Lebanese Salafi community. By analysing Salafism as a network, we see how the movement creates and mobilizes material and symbolic resources, and how it contributes to reshaping the structures of authority within the country's Sunni Muslim community

The spectre of Boko Haram and its activities in Nigeria dominates both media and academic analysis of Islam in the region. But, as Alexander Thurston argues here, beyond the sensational headlines this group generates, the dynamics of Muslim life in northern Nigeria remain poorly understood. Drawing on interviews with leading Salafis in Nigeria as well as on a rereading of the history of the global Salafi movement, this volume explores how a canon of classical and contemporary texts defines Salafism. Examining how these texts are interpreted and - crucially - who it is that has the authority to do so, Thurston offers a systematic analysis of curricula taught in Saudi Arabia and how they shape religious scholars' approach to religion and education once they return to Africa. Essential for scholars of religion and politics, this unique text explores how the canon of Salafism has been used and refined, from Nigeria's return to democracy to the jihadist movement Boko Haram.

The Arab Maghreb-the long stretch of North Africa that expands from Libya to Mauritania-is a vitally important region that impacts the security and politics of Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and the broader Middle East. As Middle East scholars Frederic Wehrey and Anouar Boukhars show in Salafism in the Maghreb, it is also home to the conservative, literalist interpretation of Islam known as Salafism, which has emerged as a major social and political force. Through extensive interviews and fieldwork, Wehrey and Boukhars examine the many roles and manifestations of Salafism in the Maghreb, looking at the relationship between Salafism and the Maghreb's ruling regimes, as well as competing Islamist currents, increasingly youthful populations, and communal groups like tribes and ethno-linguistic minorities. They pay particular attention to how seemingly immutable Salafi ideology is often shaped by local contexts and opportunities. Informed by rigorous research, deep empathy, and unparalleled access to Salafi adherents, clerics, politicians, and militants, Salafism in the Maghreb offers a definitive account of this important Islamist current.

Frontmatter -- FOREWORD -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- TRADITIONALISM, MODERNISM, AND SALAFI-WAHHABISM -- ISLAMIC ORGANIZATIONS IN BATAM -- BATAM MUSLIMS AND TRADITIONALISTS -- THE SINGAPORE DIMENSION -- CONCLUSION: EXCLUSIVISM AND TRADITIONALISM -- REFERENCES

Militant Salafism is one of the most significant movements in politics today. Unfortunately its significance has not been matched by understanding. To begin to address this knowledge deficit this book argues that, rather than the largely unhelpful pursuit of individual 'root causes' offered in much of the literature, we would be better served by looking at the factors that have enabled and facilitated a particular political imaginary. That political imaginary is one that allows individuals to conceive of themselves as integral members of a global battle waged between the forces of Islam and the West, something that lies at the heart of militant Salafism. Frazer Egerton shows how the ubiquity of modern media and the prevalence of movement have allowed for a transformation of existing beliefs into an ideology supportive of militant Salafism against the West amongst Western Muslims