Suchergebnisse

The study of the values & mores of the Mc family is of particular interest because it most closely reflects the social ideal from which the Uc & Lc have deviated, or to which they have been unable to conform. The following dimensions are discussed: marriage; emotional ties; loyalty; intimidation & shame; birth & death; interfamilial communication; sex; the role of the woman; youth; domestic help; large family; out-of-wedlock children; widowhood; divorce; ideology; interaction between the family & other institutions; the professional family; family as a therapeutic group; the evolution of the family; family facing social change; & the survival of the family. S. Karganovic.

Summarium . In articulo .6,. primo p~ragr~pho, Legis libertatis reIIglOsae permlttltur matnmonlum civile .cum nullus ~ontrahentium. catholicam profiteatur religionem, absque Incommodo rltuum et ceremoniarum pertinentium ad diversas confessiones non catholicas quae ante vel ~os~ matrimon.ium civile celebrari poterunt dum moraIItatl aut bOnls moribus vim non inferant». Evidens est hoc praeceptum, etsi non substantialiter nostrum mutet sistema matrimoniale, introducere novitatem a~entius perpendendi in celebratione matrimonii civilis «rltus aut ceremonias diversis pertinentes confessionibus non catholicis». Hoc inducit nos ad brevem excursum agendum per varia sistemata matrimonialia quae cognoscunt matril:'lOnium sic dictum religiosum, ut comprobetur num allquod eorum possit esse nobis exemplar ad expl.icandum in quid quasi principium maneat collectum In praecepto a lege signato. Et comprobatur quod regimen tantum matrimonial e acatholi~ orum in . Italia. ducere potestlegislatorem hispanum In SUppOSltO cUlusdam praevisibilis legis in hoc sensu quatenus siste~a. f!1atri~oniale italicum principiis res~ pondet valde .VI~lnlS qUlbus nostrum inspiratur. Post b:e~em d~scrlptlOnem acatholici matrimonii in Italia sl~tlmus In hispano sistemati. Specialis significatio allquarum emendationum aliquo die formulatarum illo tunc proposito legis, et voces doctrinales in hoc eodem s.en~u~r?latae,. iuxta experientiam proximam sistematlS Itallcl, duclt nos ad defendendam recognitionem forma e religiosae in matrimonio civili. Haec thesis comitata apparet quibusdam considerationibus de lege ferenda. --- Abstract Article 6, paragraph 1 of the Law of Religious Freedom authorizes a civil marriage .when neither of the contracting parties professes the Catholic religion, without prejudicé to those rites or ceremonies of noncatholic denominations which may be celebrated befote or after the civil marriage provided that they do not offend morality or good customs». It is obvious that this precept, although it may not change our matrimonial system substantially, does introduce a new element into civil marriage, namely, «the rites or ceremonias of non-catholic denominations». This has occasioned us to make a study of the different matrimonial systems which recognize the so-called «religious marriage», with the object of determining whether any of them can give us guide-lines for our study of the principie which is outlined by this legal definition. We have found that only the Italian matrimonial law for non-catholics can help the Spanish legislator to create such a law, because it reflects very closely principies similar to those which inspired our system. After briefly describing non-catholic marriage in Italy, we have made a careful study of the Spanish system. The special meaning of certain amendments made Turing the drafting of the Bill, the authoritative opinions in the same direction, along with the first-hand experience of the Italian system, have induced us to sustain the recognitian of religious form of civil marriage. This thesis is accompanied by several considerations de lege ferenda.

The author begins with the recent campaign organized by the mass media with the aim of introducing divorce in the Spanish legal system either for all types of marriage, or at least for the civil formo No type of international agreement in this sense binds the Spanish state, nor is it one of the conditions required by the Treaty of Rome for membership of the EEC. The author studies the indissolubility of marriage in Spanish Constitutional History, in which it is a traditional principie (with the exception of the period 1932-1939). This principie has been incorporated into the Fuero de los Españoles (Charter of Constitutional Rights of 1939); it has been declared a question of internal public order by the judiciary, with the result that divorce is unknown. The Second Vatican Council has not changed the traditional Catholic viewpoint regarding the indissolubility of all marriages, including those purely civil or legitimate cases, as pertaining to Natural Law. When divorce was introduced into Italy the aforementioned teaching was clearly re-affirmed by the Italian Episcopal Conference with the explicit approval of Paul VI. In the conclusions the author deduces that from the position of fidelity of the Church's teaching one cannot introduce divorce into the Spanish legislation, neither in the case of canonical nor of merely civil marriage; the indissolubility of marriage is a principie of Natural Law and lies at the root of the most ancient Spanish tradition. Reference is made to a recent survey made by the Institute of Public Opinion, with the conclusion that there is need of a widespread and intense work of education of consciences and of enlightenment of a public opinion that shows itself to be vacillating and unsure.

Summarium Post brevem introductionem de modo perveniendi ad actualem disciplinam acatholicorum matrimonii in lure italico, designatur triplex via matrimonialis italica: matrimonium canonicum transcriptum ad effectus civiles, matrimonium celebratum ante procuratorem registri civilis et matrimonium celebratum ante acatholicos ministros culti. Hoc ultimum suppositum, compartáis aliis duabus viis, est obiectum studii articuli. Quod matrimonium validum sit pendet ab eo quod nominatio ministri ab auctoritate religiosa approbata fuerit a Ministerio Gubernationis; non vero ab eo quod celebratum fuerit in ambitu cuiusdam religionis admissae. Minister debet esse civis italicus et loqui italum sermone m utcapax sit adimplendi hoc munus. Designatio ministri competit procuratori Registri civilis qui esset competens ad matrimonium civile celebrandum, et est nominalis mentione facta temporis approbationis gubernativae. Capacitas partium regitur a Codice civili et calificatur procuratore Registri. Ministro culti competit tollere acta matrimonii et transmittere ea procuratori registri civilis, ad earum transcriptionem in registro. Transcriptio habet tantum valorem certificativum consensus vinculum originantis. Natura iuridica designationis ministri in licencia stat, non vera in delegatione, praesertim quia Rius praesentia est totaliter voluntaria. Cum deest licencia in momento celebrationis, matrimoniu:n revalidare potest ulteriori licentia; et eius defectus non deberet comportare declarationem nullitatis nuptiarum, quamquam datur sententia contraria huic criterio. Revocatio nominationis ministri ab auctoritate religiosa comportat revocationem approbationis gubernativae. Hoc regimen argumentatur esse contrarium aequalitati religiosae praevistae ab art. 3, 1 Constitutionis, cum tribuat facto religioso quamdam relevantiam in celebratione nuptiarum. Denique designantur perspectivae reformationis instituti matrimonii in Italia. --- Abstraet After a brief outline of the evolution of the material which regulates the present Italian law on noncatholic marriage, the author indicates the three ways of marriage in Italy: canonical wedding with civil effects, civil wedding befo re an of.ficial of the Registry Office; and a noncatholic religious ceremony. This last possibility of marriage,incontrast with the preceding two, is the topic discussed in the rest of the article. The validity of the marriage depends on whether the appointment of the minister by the religious body has been approved by the Ministry of the Interior, and not merely on the fact of being celebrated by a recognized denomination. To be eligible for nomination the minister ought to be an Italian citizen and be able to speak Italian. The responsibility for his appointment lies with the official of the Registry Oftice who would normally perform the civil ceremony; the appointment is nominal; and the date of the government approval should also be specified. The legal capacity •of the contracting parties is governed by the Civil Code and is determined by the official of the Registry Office. The minister of the religious denomination in question should draw up the Marriage Certificate and forward it to the official of the Registry Office for entry in the records. This document serves merely as a testimony to the consent which gives rise to the marriage bond. The juridical nature of the appointment of the minister is called authorization, not delegation, hmong other reasons because his assistance is purely vol untary. When the authorization is lacking at the time of the ceremony the marriage can be revalidated by a later authorization. The failure to possess this authorization should not nullify the wedding, although one judicial decision has been expressed to the contrary. The abrogation of the ministerial appointment by the religious authorities implies the simultaneous abrogation of government approval. The point has been made that this procedure violates the concept of religious equality as expressed in Article 3, § 1 of the Constitution, bygiving importante to the religious factor in thelaw of marriage. Finally, possible reform of the matrimonial structure in Italy is discussed.

A bibliography covering the following categories in family studies: family structure & marriage; family legislation; social policy toward the family; family & social change; family life & SE factors; intrafamiliar relationships; stability & instability; & the woman & the family. S. Karganovic.

Summarium Intendit hoc studium responsum dare articulo P. Romualdo Rodrigo, O. A. R., edito in recensione Romanae Universitatis Gregorianae, «Periodica», a. 1973, p. 503-550. Per copiosa data considerationesque significatur status processuum matrimonialium in Hispania. Urgetur character iudicialis, non administrativus, Decreti ratificantis, sicut in Motu proprio «Causas matrimoniales » regulatur. Respectu matrimonii, Hispania non est fautor divortii, et tramitatio causarum matrimonii canonici, vel nullitatis sint vel separationis, reservatur tribunalibus Ecclesiae. Res publica agnoscit valorem harum decisionum quantum ad effectus civiles, quorum determinatio iudicibus civilibus competit Animadvertitur praestantia quam pro matrimonio et familia leges hispanae habent, non enim tribuunt effectus iuridicos separationi consensuali ad mentem doctrinae et iuris Ecclesiae. Ideo non permittitur transigere in solutione vinculi, neque in ruptura cohabitationis, neque in officio patrum. catholicae filiorum instructionis. Statu actuali divortiorum, nullitatum separationumque considerato, urgetur convenientia Ecclesiae tuendi, ubi possibile sit, sanctitatem atque dignitatem matrimonii familiaeque et non cedendi ius suumcognitionis causarum matrimonialium separationis. Pro munere quod Ecclesia fidelibus suis praestare debet quantum ad iustitiam de matrimoniis, principia, qUibus tribunalium ecclesiasticorum ordinatio regi debeat, studuuntur. Specialiter considerata est convenientia Rotae Nuntiaturae Apostolicae Matritensis, in relatione cum tribunalibus minoribus Hispaniae et cum pontificiis, praesertim cum sacra Rota Romana. Auctor examinat argumenta adducta contra tribunalia ecclesiastica hispana. Denique proponuntur conclusiones et sugerentiae circa tribunal unipersonale in unaquaque dioecesi, circa tribunalia facultativa provincialiaet dioecesana, circa tribunalia Barcinonis Matritique, et circa Rotam Nuntiaturae Apostolicae. Magni momenti sunt varia schemata circa gradationem tribunalium. Erectio Studii Rotalis postulatur. --- Abstract This paper appeared in response to an article of P. Romualgo Rodrigo, OAR. which had be en published in «Periodica» (1973), pp. 503-550, a journal of the Gregorian University in Rome. Reporting a grand Lumber of facts and considerations, the author explains the actual condition of matrimonial processes in Spain. He insists in the judidal, and not administrative, nature of the ratifying Decree, as determined in the Motu proprio .Causas matrimoniales». Spain does not recognize divorce, and the transaction of the causes of marriage according to canon law, whether it be a case of nullity or separation, is reserved for the Church courts. The government recognizes these decisions to all legal effects, which should be determined by the civil courts. The author points out the advantage that Spanish law offers with respect to marriage and the family since the civil code does not concede legal effects to a consented separation, in agreement with Church doctrine and law. Therigidity of Spanishlaw withrespect to the dissolution of the marriage bond, the decision of the married couple to live apart, and the parentalresponsabilities regarding the Catholic upbringing of the children is a logical consequence of this posture. Considering the current state of divorce, nullificationand separation, the •author insists that the Church must, whenever possible, strive to safeguard the dignitv and holiness of marriage and of the family; and should not surrender its right to decide cases of matrimonial separation. In relation to the service which the Church offers its faithful seeking justice in matrimonial affairs, this paper studies the principies which should guide the organization of the ecclesiastical courts. The author hasexamined with special attention the convenience of the Rota of the Apostolic Nunciatura in Madrid, in •relation to the lower Spanish and pontificalcourts, specially the Sacred Roman Rota. The author analizes subsequently the arguments which are employed in Spain to discredit the ecclesiastical tribunales. At the end of this paper various conclusions and suggestions are offered with respect to the unipersonal diocesan courts, the provincial and diocesan tribunales, the courts in Barcelona and Madrid, and the Rota of the Apostolic Nunciature. The report also provides interesting illustrations, showing the different levels of the distinct tribunales. The author advocates a serious study of the Rota.