Suchergebnisse

Perguruan Kebatinan Sandhi Murti Indonesia is establised by I Gusti Ngurah Harta on 27th April 1990 in Denpasar City, Bali. Practice of kanuragan is identical to the stigma of violence, the practice of inner power and pangleakan associated with black magic, so this study aims to analyze and answer the formulation of the problems on the existence of social practices of Sandhi Murti in the field of kanuragan in Bali. This study is constructed as a cultural studies. The results of study showed the existence of Sandhi Murti in the field of kanuragan in Bali for 24 years (1990-2004) is characterized by the development of forms of activity in sports as well as in the arts, mysticism, economy and politics. Sandhi Murti social practices are also undergoing expansion area of activity in the branch organization in Tabanan Bali and Sandhi Murti Bulgaria in Europe, as well as developed personally by members overseas such as Australia, America, Russia and others. Sandhi Murti practices in the field of kanuragan is based on the teachings of siwa tantra (tantric), or siwa bhairawa, kandapat and dasaksara. Functions of kanuragan practiced by Sandhi Murti, such as : psychosomatic and psycho-kinetics therapy; commodity and recreational; magical function, social and cultural functions.The significance of social practices of Sandhi Murti develop social capital through group of solidarity. Significance of cultural transformation Sandhi Murti kanuragan practices reflected the cultural inheritance of tantric into organizational habitus.

Research's background in this study was to investigate Indonesia's Special Forces formation and military operation conducted by Indonesia Special Forces. After the Proclamation of Independence. Indonesia had no official military forces. At that time, military forces were derived from former independence fighters with a non-formal organization. Indonesia absolutely needed the military forces since the country encountered an attempts of disintegration namely rebellion in many provinces. After military forces established, Indonesia apparently could not overcome the domestic issue, therefore it was very essential to form Special Forces that could conduct military operation more effectively and efficiently. Problem formulation in this research is "how was the role of Sandhi Yudha Forces Command in conducting a military operation in Indonesia from 1971 to 1985?". The study used the historical method, with four research procedure that are heuristic, critic, interpretation, and historiography. Moreover, literature study by analysed relevant sources was applied. The study research revealed, Firstly, Indonesia's Special Forces was formed owing to the needs of a military operation in coping rebellions after Indonesia's independence. Secondly, after the formation, Indonesia's Special Forces has undergone numbers of re-organization that aim to improve the needs and system organization. These act as an effect from the development of forces and country ability in funding Special Forces' institution. Thirdly, after re-organization process between 1971 to 1985, Indonesia's Special Forces has conducted numbers of combat and non-combat military operations, such as Valey X Expedition in West Irian, the quell of Communist Group in West Kalimantan and Hostages' Rescuing Operation of Garuda Airline DC-9-WOYLA in Don Muang Airport, Thailand

This paper entitled "Criminal Sanctions Against Sex Gratification Actors". This paper uses the normative analytical method. Refers to the some cases of sexual gratification, is wasn't easy to charge the doers with criminal sanction. That can be drawn from the issues, how the regulation of sex gratification in Indonesian criminal law, which is seen from the existing regulations there are still vacuum norm, and explains the criminal sanction that is applied to the doers of sex gratification that will provide a deterrent effect against doers. Sex gratification regulation perceived need specifically organize thoroughly and detailed as the existing regulations. Doers of sex gratification giver and receiver can be charged or indicted with the provisions of Act no. 20 Year 2001 on Eradication of Corruption, but the Act contains a provision not sanction against female doers of provider. Regulations with criminal sanction can be severe such as efforts to prevent of sex gratification, so the deterrent effect should be given to the doers of gratification in order not to repeat the offense again and prevent, which in this case in the form of criminal sanctions. The purpose of this writing is to analyze the regulation criminal law and sanction order to prevent the occurrence of Gratification Sex and contribute as well as discourse for legislators to establish a specifically for the regulation of Sex Gratification.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre exposição a condições psicossociais adversas no trabalho e avaliação ruim de saúde entre bancários. MÉTODO: Foi realizado estudo transversal com 2.054 trabalhadores de um banco estatal brasileiro em 2008. Utilizou-se uma pergunta simples e direta: "Em geral, você diria que a sua saúde é" para aferir como eles avaliam seu estado de saúde atual. As condições psicossociais adversas no trabalho foram avaliadas pelos modelos desequilíbrio esforço-recompensa e demanda-controle. Informações sobre as demais variáveis independentes foram obtidas por meio de questionário semiestruturado, autoadministrado. A presença e a magnitude das associações independentes entre avaliação ruim do próprio estado de saúde e as condições psicossociais adversas no trabalho foram determinadas por meio de odds ratio obtidos por regressão logística. RESULTADOS: A prevalência geral de auto-avaliação ruim de saúde foi de 9%, sem diferença estatística entre os sexos. A exposição a ambientes de trabalho com alta demanda e baixo controle esteve associada à pior auto-avaliação da saúde. O mesmo foi verificado para trabalhadores com desequilíbrio esforço-recompensa e comprometimento excessivo, com gradiente dose-resposta. A presença de suporte social no trabalho apresentou associação inversa com pior auto avaliação de saúde, também com gradiente dose-resposta. CONCLUSÕES: A exposição a fatores psicossociais adversos no trabalho, avaliada pelos modelos desequilíbrio esforço-recompensa e demanda-controle, está associada de forma independente à pior auto-avaliação da saúde entre os trabalhadores estudados. ; OBJETIVO: Analizar la asociación entre exposición a condiciones psicosociales adversas en el trabajo y evaluación mala de la salud entre bancarios. MÉTODO: Se realizó estudio transversal con 2.054 trabajadores de un banco estatal brasileño en 2008. Se utilizó una pregunta simple y directa: "En general, usted diría que su salud es" para chequear como ellos evalúan su estado de salud actual. Las condiciones psicosociales adversas en el trabajo fueron evaluadas por los modelos desequilibrio esfuerzo-recompensa y demanda-control. Informaciones sobre las demás variables independientes se obtuvieron por medio de cuestionario semiestructurado, autoadministrado. La presencia y la magnitud de las asociaciones independientes entre evaluación mala del propio estado de salud y las condiciones psicosociales adversas en el trabajo fueron determinadas por medio de odds ratio obtenidos por regresión logística. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia general de auto evaluación mala de la salud fue de 9%, sin diferencia estadística entre los sexos. La exposición a ambientes de trabajo con alta demanda y bajo control estuvo asociada a la peor auto evaluación de la salud. El mismo fue verificado para trabajadores con desequilibrio esfuerzo-recompensa y comprometimiento excesivo, con gradiente dosis-respuesta. Presencia de soporte social en el trabajo presentó asociación inversa con peor auto evaluación de salud, así como con gradiente dosis-respuesta. CONCLUSIONES: La exposición a factores psicosociales adversos en el trabajo, evaluada por los modelos desequilibrio esfuerzo-recompensa y demanda-control, está asociada de forma independiente a la peor auto evaluación de la salud entre los trabajadores estudiados. ; OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between exposure to adverse psychosocial working conditions and poor self-rated health among bank employees. METHODS: A cross-sectional study including a sample of 2,054 employees of a government bank was conducted in 2008. Self-rated health was assessed by a single question: "In general, would you say your health is (.)." Exposure to adverse psychosocial working conditions was evaluated by the effort-reward imbalance model and the demand-control model. Information on other independent variables was obtained through a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed and odds ratio calculated to assess independent associations between adverse psychosocial working conditions and poor self-rated health. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of poor self-rated health was 9%, with no significant gender difference. Exposure to high demand and low control environment at work was associated with poor self-rated health. Employees with high effort-reward imbalance and overcommitment also reported poor self-rated health, with a dose-response relationship. Social support at work was inversely related to poor self-rated health, with a dose-response relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to adverse psychosocial work factors assessed based on the effort-reward imbalance model and the demand-control model is independently associated with poor self-rated health among the workers studied.

Abstract
The presence of high levels of carcinogenic metalloid arsenic (As) in the groundwater system of Bangladesh has been considered as one of the major environmental disasters in this region. Many parts of Bangladesh have extensively reported the presence of high levels of arsenic in the groundwater due to both geological and anthropogenic activities. In this paper, we reviewed the available literature and scientific information regarding arsenic pollution in Bangladesh, including arsenic chemistry and occurrences. Along with using As-rich groundwater as a drinking-water source, the agricultural activities and especially irrigation have greatly depended on the groundwater resources in this region due to high water demands for ensuring food security. A number of investigations in Bangladesh have shown that high arsenic content in both soil and groundwater may result in high levels of arsenic accumulation in different plants, including cereals and vegetables. This review provides information regarding arsenic accumulation in major rice varieties, soil-groundwater-rice arsenic interaction, and past arsenic policies and plans, as well as previously implemented arsenic mitigation options for both drinking and irrigation water systems in Bangladesh. In conclusion, this review highlights the importance and necessity for more in-depth studies as well as more effective arsenic mitigation action plans to reduce arsenic incorporation in the food chain of Bangladesh.

Work is very important in human life that all people need jobs. Company in itscourse require human resources to support the effort. The application of technology inorder to avoid some of the preparation work accident. Occupational Safety protectionis set under Indonesian law. But there are still a lot of accidents are found in thecompany, due to factors that affect. The factors of the legislator, executor, orstakeholders. That the application of laws and regulations on the protection of workers'safety is in fact not been effectively implemented.

Maternal death rate is one of the important health development indicators. Indonesian maternal mortality is still high due to both direct and indirect causes that occur during pregnancy and childbirth. High-risk pregnancy can present complications for both the mother and fetus, and demands early detection. Early detection requires involvement of the community, health cadre, medical officers, and government. There is a need to increase the community health cadre competency in the detection of pregnancy complications, especially high-risk pregnancy knowledge. This study used a quasi-experimental design without control group to determine the effect of training regarding pregnancy complications on community health worker's knowledge in Wijimulyo, Nanggulan, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta in October 2018. The research subjects were community health cadre workers chosen by purposive random sampling. There were 43 research subjects who were given pretests, training about complications of pregnancy, and posttests. The instrument used was a knowledge questionnaire about complications during pregnancy that consisted of 23 items with reliability of 0.865. There was significant difference between community health cadre's knowledge about complications of pregnancy at pretest and posttest. These results indicate that training about pregnancy complications increases the knowledge of community health cadre workers concerning complications of pregnancy. Further research is needed to assess community health cadre's skills in making early detection of pregnancy complications.

Lontar is a written media which is used in the earlier period before the discovery of the paper as a part of the renewable technology. Studying or researching old manuscripts is not an effortless job. In addition to the technical factors, it also involves language and script which are applied in the text as well as other factors associated with the culture system. In the manuscript, there are texts which match its soul. One text that is fascinating to observe further is the text of Tutur Muladara, the teachings of the spiritual that focus on the integration of sound, breath, and mind. This article analyzes the teachings contained in the text Tutur Muladara. In this text, there are various teachings of kadiatmikan. One of them is the teachings of Jnana Sandhi. This sort of teaching consists of three subs, namely the teaching of seven holes of the sky, Yoga Sandhi and Sang Hyang Adnyana Sandhi.

This innovative study on the phenomenon of 'grammaticalization' and its manifestation in Chinese provides new insights into language change in Chinese and a large number of grammatical topics. Grammaticalization occurs in all of the world's languages. Xiu-Zhi Zoe Wu demonstrates general linguistic principles present and active in the phenomenon of grammaticalization whilst also describing the modelling of language in formal theoretical approaches to syntax; so this book fills two major gaps in the current study of linguistics. Grammaticalization and Language Change in Chinese illuminates how studies of language development and change provide special insights into the understanding of current, synchronic systems of language. Using patters from Chinese, the author establishes cross-linguistic generalizations about language change and grammaticalization. This book should be of great interest to Chinese linguists and readers interested in language change in different languages.

The author of this paper explains the interpretation of the diphthongs in the epic "Stephen the Little" by Serbian poet Petar II Petrovich Njegos from the epoch of romanticism. They are: а) tautovocalic diphthongs in the same word, b) tautovocalic diphthongs at the word boundary and its enclitics, c) tautovocalic diphthongs at the word boundary and its proclitics, d) tautovocalic diphthongs at the boundary of two phonetic words, i.e. in sandhi. The analysis comprises the epic "The Mountain Wreath" and the epic "The Ray of the Microcosm", and some of Njegos`s poems, аs well as examples from Serbian folk poems published in the first collection of folk poems "Маlа prostonarodnya slavenо‑serbska pěsnarica" by Vuk Stefanovich Karadjich.

Bali's capital city of Denpasar has a number of heritage sites, including several buildings, museums and monuments. These sites have yet to be developed optimally as tourist attractions, as evidenced by their small number of annual visitors. This study explores the potential in reutilizing those cultural heritage sites for the development of heritage tourism, and to support the city government's tour programme. Two interrelated issues discussed here include how the government of Denpasar preserves its cultural heritage, and how it promotes these sites as heritage tourism. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and a literature review employing heritage tourism theory and framing theory. The study presents two packages of heritage tourism tours with a duration of approximately three hours each: the Denpasar Heritage Track (DHT), which starts and finishes at the Bali Hotel, taking in the Puputan Badung Monument, Bali Museum, Jero Kuta Palace, and Maospait Temple; and the Sanur Heritage Track (SHT), which begins and concludes at the Grand Bali Beach Hotel, visiting the Belanjong Heritage, Intaran Market, Bajra Sandhi Monument, and Museum Le Mayeur. The DHTs are expected to increase the number of tourist attractions in Denpasar, contributing to more tourist visits to Bali, especially in its capital city. ; Kota Denpasar memiliki sejumlah heritage seperti bangunan, museum, cagar budaya yang sudah dijadikan daya tarik wisata, namun kurang berkembang, terbukti dari sedikitnya angka kunjungan. Penelitian ini menganalisis pemanfaatan kembali potensi warisan budaya untuk mengemas heritage untuk mendukung program Denpasar city tours. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dari observasi, wawancara, dan studi pustaka dan dibahas dengan teori heritage tourism dan teori framing. Penelitian ini menawarkan dua titik simpul heritage tourism dengan durasi waktu masing-masing sekitar tiga jam: Pertama, Denpasar Heritage Track (DHT) start dan finish di Bali Hotel, bergerak mengunjungi Monumen Puputan Badung di alun-alun, Museum Bali, Puri Jero Kuta, Pura Maospait, dan kembali ke Bali Hotel; Kedua, Sanur Heritage Track (SHT), start-finish dari Grand Bali Beach Hotel, ke Pura Belanjong, Pasar Intaran, Bajra Sandhi, Museum Le Mayeur, finish di Grand Bali Beach Hotel. DHT diharapkan dapat menambah daya tarik khas pariwisata Denpasar yang sangat memerlukan daya tarik untuk memenuhi keinginan wisatawan yang makin banyak berlibur ke Bali, khususnya Denpasar.