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Problem solving in Germany has roots in mathematics and psychology but it found its way to schools and classrooms, especially through German Kultusministerkonferenz, which represents all government departments of education. For the problem solving standard to get implemented in schools, a large scale dissemination through continuous professional development is very much needed, as the current mathematics teachers are not qualified to do so. As a consequence, one organ in Germany focuses on setting up courses for teacher educators who can "multiply" what they have learned and set up their own professional development courses for teachers. However, before attaining to this work, it is crucial to have an understanding what conceptions about teaching problem solving in mathematics classroom mathematics teacher educators hold. In this research report, I focus on mathematics teacher educators' conceptions about problem solving standard and their effects regarding a large-scale dissemination. ; Problem solving in Germany has roots in mathematics and psychology but it found its way to schools and classrooms, especially through German Kultusministerkonferenz, which represents all government departments of education. For the problem solving standard to get implemented in schools, a large scale dissemination through continuous professional development is very much needed, as the current mathematics teachers are not qualified to do so. As a consequence, one organ in Germany focuses on setting up courses for teacher educators who can "multiply" what they have learned and set up their own professional development courses for teachers. However, before attaining to this work, it is crucial to have an understanding what conceptions about teaching problem solving in mathematics classroom mathematics teacher educators hold. In this research report, I focus on mathematics teacher educators' conceptions about problem solving standard and their effects regarding a large-scale dissemination.

U članku se analiziraju načini na koje odabrani suvremeni umjetnici iz Rumunjske, Hrvatske i Srbije koriste vizualni jezik arhitektonskih maketa u svome radu. Nakon prikaza povijesti arhitektonskih maketa autorica se u prvim dvama dijelovima članka bavi umjetnicima koji koriste makete muzejâ suvremenih umjetnosti (Zlatko Kopljar, Radoš Antonijević, subREAL, Călin Dan, Iosif Kiraly, Mihai Balko i Irina Botea). Naglašava se razlika između muzeja suvremenih umjetnosti u post-socijalističkim zemljama i globalnih "muzeja moći" kao što su MoMA, Tate Modern ili Guggenheim. Treći dio članka bavi se dokumentarnim aspektom arhitektonskih maketa i dovodi radove Lane Stojićević u vezu s konceptom dokumentaliteta Hito Steyerl. Ističe se kako su makete, kao i sama arhitektura, označitelji ideologija, politika i društava koji ih grade. Suvremeni umjetnici često se bave zgradama koje su u procesu tranzicije izmijenjene, revitalizirane ili uništene, i stoga arhitektonske makete uključene u procese suvremene umjetnosti zahtijevaju dublju analizu. ; The paper analyses the ways in which selected contemporary artists from Romania, Croatia, and Serbia use the visual language of architectural scale models in their work. After presenting the history of architectural models, the first two parts of the paper focus on artists who use scale models of museums of contemporary art (Zlatko Kopljar, Radoš Antonijević, subREAL, Călin Dan, Iosif Kiraly, Mihai Balko, and Irina Botea). They emphasize the difference between museums of contemporary art in post-socijalist countries and the global "power-museums" such as MoMA, Tate Modern, or Guggenheim. The third part of the paper focuses on the documentary aspect of architectural models and relates Lana Stojićević's works to Hito Steyerl's concept of documentality. It is argued that the scale models, as architecture itself, are signifiers of the ideologies, politics, and societies that build them. Contemporary artists often focus on buildings that have been changed, revitalised, or destroyed in the transition process, and for this reason architectural models require a deeper analysis when included within contemporary art practices.

Istraživanje i eksploatacija ugljikovodika u svakoj se državi provodi prema usvojenomu fi skalnom sustavu eksploatacije. Fiskalni sustavi određuju uvjete poslovanja tijekom cjelokupnoga integriranog procesa od istraživanja do eksploatacije i trgovine te su namijenjeni ravnomjerno i državnim tijelima koja su zadužena za eksploataciju i kompanijama operatorima. Trenutačno se u naftnome i plinskome poslovanju primjenjuju koncesijski i ugovorni fi skalni sustavi. Ugovorni sustavi dijele se na ugovore o podjeli proizvodnje te na servisne ugovore. Izbor fi skalnoga sustava eksploatacije glavni je cilj energetske politike prema eksploataciji ugljikovodika za državu, dok je on za kompanije operatore i za servisne kompanije način vođenja poslovanja. U radu su detaljno obrađeni navedeni fi skalni sustavi s primjerima uvjeta ugovora. Elementi ugovora, neovisno o sustavu, analizirani su s njihovim prednostima i nedostatcima. Fiskalni sustavi moraju biti odabrani tako da privlače kompanije koje žele investirati. Također, njihova je dužnost da maksimalno smanje rizike za sve uključene strane, ali da maksimiziraju dobit države tijekom faze iskorištavanja ugljikovodika. Za kompanije fi skalni sustavi moraju biti atraktivni kako bi balansirali rizike tijekom istražne faze s dobitima koje je moguće ostvariti tijekom faze iskorištavanja. Uspješan i zadovoljavajući sustav (i za državu i za ulagača) mora privući ulagača i ponuditi mu prihvatljive uvjete, dok, s druge strane, mora donijeti odgovarajuću korist matičnoj državi, njezinoj industriji i lokalnomu stanovništvu uz poštovanje zakona i čuvanje okoliša. Bez obzira na to koji je fi skalni sustav na snazi, glavni elementi moraju biti koncizni i jasni te ne smije biti prostora za dvojako tumačenje ugovora. Potrebno je osigurati realne i objektivne ciljeve te neutralnost vlasti u donošenju odluka. Fiskalni sustavi i uvjeti ugovora određeni su tržištem te je nužno osigurati potrebnu fleksibilnost u slučaju promjena na tržištu kako ne bi došlo do gubitaka za bilo koju od ugovornih strana. Stoga je jedan od glavnih izazova fi skalne politike ravnomjerna raspodjela rizika, odnosno potrebna je što manja divergencija u razmišljanju vlade i ulagača. Država mora promišljati više kako osigurati racionalno iskorištavanje mineralnih sirovina uz poštovanje ugovora s naglaskom na brigu o okolišu. Ulagač ne smije pored vlastite dobiti zanemariti socijalnu komponentu područja na kojemu posluje te također mora skrbiti o životu ljudi, stanju imovine i zaštiti okoliša. Fleksibilnost je glavni temelj uspješnoga ugovora, pa je dužnost države osigurati neovisno državno tijelo koje će nadzirati poslovanje ulagača. S obzirom na dugotrajnost samih ugovora navedeno tijelo mora osluškivati i promjene na tržištu te znati pravilno i pravovremeno reagirati bez obzira na političke opcije trenutačno na vlasti. Odabir fi skalnoga sustava također je potrebno provoditi uz sagledavanje širega geopolitičkog konteksta različitih političkih i vojnih sukoba koji u pozadini imaju interese vezane uz eksploataciju i trgovinu ugljikovodicima te njihovih utjecaja na cijene ugljikovodika i gospodarstvo u cjelini. Fiskalni sustavi i vrste ugovora opisani u ovome radu samo su jedan segment naftno-plinskoga poslovanja, no izrazito bitan s obzirom na to da utječu na stabilizaciju poslovanja na nesigurnome tržištu. ; The choice of the right fi scal regime represents the main object of the energy policy concerning hydrocarbon exploration and production for the state government. For the operator and service companies it represents the terms and conditions for practical conducting of the process in whole. This paper analyse aspects of agreements used in the petroleum indus-try. Elements of agreement, regardless of regime, have been described together with their advantages and disadvantages. Due to the fact that the fi scal regime has to be chosen to attract companies willing to invest in exploration and produc-tion, it represents a relevant part of the business strategy and also a base for the decision making process during start up. It has to minimize the risk for the both parties involved and maximize the state's share during the exploitation phase. For the companies, it has to be attractive enough to balance risks during the exploration phase with profi ts gained during the exploitation phase. The aim of this paper is to show the existing fi scal systems in the petroleum industry and to analyze the process for concluding a contract regarding the exploration and production of hydrocarbons. An overview of diff er-ent business practices in the oil and gas industry with a detailed breakdown of the contract terms between the parties involved have been described in the paper. The aim of this paper is to show the diff erent possibilities of fi nancial regimes which could help during the negotiation process for conducting hydrocarbon exploration and production for everyone involved.

The notions of Left & Right form a fundamental semantic pattern within which voters construct their political perceptions & attitudes. Their universal meaning lies in a simple spatial approach to politics as conflict; functionally, Left & Right are "shortcuts" for political communication. In the empirically oriented political science, the Left-Right scale has become a standard variable in public opinion polls. After the initial pessimistic interpretations, in the last 20 years or so, this scale has increasingly demonstrated its validity & reliability. The sources of the Left-Right identification may be manifold, & not solely ideological. Also, the Left-Right scheme has demonstrated a remarkable potential to -- in time -- encompass new political contents & thus create a need for new cross-national & longitudinal studies. Voters -- not scientists -- are those who define what is Left & what is Right. 19 References. Adapted from the source document.

Cilj ovoga rada je prikazati rezultate inovacijske izvedbe zemalja članica Europske unije. Najsveobuhvatniji uvid u inovacijsku izvedbu zemalja daju Globalni indeks inovacija, Bloombergov indeks inovacija i Europska ljestvica uspjeha u inovacijama. Navedeni indeksi imaju različite metodologije izračuna inovacijske izvedbe zemalja, a ovisno o vrsti indeksa i metodologiji zemlje ostvaruju različite rezultate. Komparativna analiza indeksa inovacija pokazala je da su, ovisno o vrsti indeksa i metodologiji izračuna, vodeće zemlje svijeta Švicarska i Južna Koreja, a najinovativnije zemlje članice Europske unije Švedska i Nizozemska. Unatoč tome, prema sva tri indeksa i metodologije, neke zemlje članice Europske unije pokazuju slabu inovacijsku izvedbu, poput Hrvatske, Bugarske i Rumunjske. Komparativna analiza predmetnih indeksa upućuje na najslabije karike ekonomije koje je nužno jačati kako bi se poboljšala razina inovativnosti, a posljedično i konkurentnost, zbog čega su navedeni rezultati smjernice vođenja te definiranja ciljeva, prioriteta i mjera inovacijskih politika. ; The aim of this paper is to show the results of the innovation performance of the member states of the European Union. The most comprehensive insight into the innovation performance of countries is provided by the Global Index of Innovation, the Bloomberg Index of Innovation and the European Innovation Success Scale. These indices have different methodologies for calculating innovation performance of countries, and depending on the type of country index and methodology they produce different results. Comparative analysis of the innovation index has shown that, depending on the type of index and methodology of calculation, the leading countries of the world are Switzerland and South Korea, and the most innovative countries of the European Union are Sweden and the Netherlands. Nevertheless, according to all three indices and methodologies some European Union member states show weak innovation performance, such as Croatia, Bulgaria and Romania. The comparative analysis of the indices in question points to the weakest links of the economy that needs to be strengthened in order to improve the level of innovation and, consequently, competitiveness, which is why the listed results represent guiding and defining principles, guideline priorities and innovation policies measures.

This work presents the results of empirical research on the relation among authoritarianism, political worldview, & party choice. Based on the existing research, the starting assumption is that authoritarianism is largely typical for the electoral body of the "right-wing" parties as well as for the conservative worldview. The specially designed scale for measuring authoritarian/conformist tendencies has shown a marked mono-dimensionality & inner consistency. The findings have confirmed the initial assumption; they have also shown a relatively regular correspondence between a party's position on the "Left-Right" spectrum & the degree of authoritarianism of its electoral body. The sole exception is a higher degree of authoritarianism of HDZ's electoral body than that of HSP's, which may be explained by the fact that the applied scale has measured solely the attitude towards authority & conformity & not the attitude towards minority groups, which is a component of the famous "F" scale. Also, it has been shown that the voters of the so-called "modernist" worldviews (liberal, social-democratic) are significantly less authoritarian than the voters of the so-called "conservative" worldviews (democratic-Christian, Christian-socialist, traditional, or conservative). 10 Tables, 2 Figures, 20 References. Adapted from the source document.

In the Republic of Croatia, new topographic maps are just being produced, primarily at the scale of 1:25 000. The Military Topographic Map is being made for the Ministry of Defence according to the existing manual "Topographic symbols" from 1993. For civil needs, the Topographic Map is made at the scale of 1:25 000 according to the new, officially not yet adopted collection of symbols "Map Key" from 1998. The paper points out the importance of changing the map graphics of topographic maps according to the modern communication and visualisation of space. ; U Republici Hrvatskoj u tijeku je izrada novih topografskih karata, u prvom redu onih mjerila 1:25 000. Za potrebe Ministarstva obrane izrađuje se Vojni topografski zemljovid prema postojećem priručniku "Topografsko znakovlje" iz 1993. Za civilne potrebe izrađuje se Topografska karta 1:25 000 prema novoj, još službeno neusvojenoj, zbirci znakova "Kartografski ključ" iz 1998. U radu je istaknuta važnost promjene kartografike topografskih karata sukladno suvremenoj komunikaciji i vizualizaciji prostora.

The Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Croatia started producing military topographic maps that differ from the inherited cartographic system in the projection, ellipsoid, and the manner of designating the grid, format, margin contents and scale system. Since the maps will be used for purposes other than the military ones, the paper looks back on essential characteristics in map production in the new accepted cartographic system. ; Ministarstvo obrane RH započelo je s izradom vojnih topografskih karata koje se u odnosu na naslijeđeni kartografski sustav razlikuju u projekciji, elipsoidu, načinu označavanja u pravokutnoj mreži, formatu prikaza, izvanokvirnom sadržaju i sustavu mjerila. Kako će se karte, osim za vojne, koristiti i u druge svrhe, u članku je dan osvrt na bitne karakteristike izrade karata u novoprihvaćenom kartografskom sustavu.

This text presents the results of polling research conducted among 97 representatives of the Croatian Parliament (1990-1992) after the competitive elections conducted in spring 1990. Representatives were asked 56 questions about their status as representatives, & their attitudes toward the parliament, parties, voters, the general public, & interest groups. They defined their own positions & the positions of parliamentary parties in the political arena (on a Left-Right scale), designated priorities in Croatian policy, analyzed the decision-making process within & outside of parliament, considered their own influence in phases of decision making, & examined the relationship between the government & the president. Results are presented of their judgments on the success of past policy, & a grading of the attitude of the party in power (HDZ) & the state toward the media & companies. This is the first research conducted among representatives, & forms the basis for possible further longitudinal empirical research on Croatian parliamentarism. 5 Tables, 8 References. Adapted from the source document.

Ovo je dio izvještaja o empirijskom dijelu projekta »Vanjske migracije i društveni razvoj«, kojeg je autor proveo u Institutu za migracije i narodnosti s grupom suradnika. Uzorak čini 271 vanjski migrant prve generacije iz dviju izrazilo vanjskomigracijskih općina kontinentalnog dijela Hrvatske, koje se međusobno razlikuju po razvijenosti. Anketiranje je obavljeno na terenu u nekoliko dana između Božića i Nove Godine 1989. U okviru upitnika konstruirane su dvije ljestvice stavova Likertovog tipa. Prva se odnosila na društveno političku situaciju u zemlji, a druga na evropsku integraciju i pitanje jugoslavenskog priključenja proširenom EEZ-u. Faktorska analiza izlučila je iz prve ljestvice 6 faktora. Analizirali smo i definirali tri tipa stavova: optimistički, umjereno optimistički i pesimistički. 0 jugoslavenskoj perspektivi uključivanja u Evropu ispitanici su se, pak, grupirali u tri orijentacije: optimističko proevropsku, skeptike i pesimiste. Na kraju napravljena je i regresijska analiza faktora s nezavisnim varijablama kao kriterijima. Poseban utjecaj na neke od faktora ustanovljen je za općinsko porijeklo ispitanika, spol, radni status, školsku spremu. ; This is part of a report on the empirical study within the project »External Migrations and Social Development« conducted by the author and a group of associates in the Institute for Migrations and Nationalities. The sample consists of 271 first generation external migrants from two distinctly external-migrational communes in I he continental part of Croatia, differing mutually in the degree of development. The survey was conducted there between Christmas and New Year's Day 1989. The questionnaire consisted of two Likert-type scales of attitude items. The first referred to the socio-political situation in Yugoslavia, while the second referred to the European integration and the issue of Yugoslavia's integration into an extended European Community. By means of factor analysis 6 factors were extracted from the first scale. The author analysed and defined 3 types of attitudes: the optimistic, the moderately optimistic and the pessimistic type. Regarding the chances of Yugoslavia's integration into Europe, the examinees have then been categorized as belonging to 3 groups of orientations: the optimistic pro-Europeans, the sceptics and the pessimists. Finally, the regression factor analysis was performed with independent variables serving as criteria. A special influence on some of the factors has been established concerning the examinee's origins (the district he comes from), his sex, his work-status and level of education.

The author emphasizes the significance of the legacy of the past, which in all periods of radical change greatly restricts the elbow room of political protagonists, but at the same time enables them to work out their programs in relation to that legacy. One of the most important elements of the legacy of political development of the last 200 years is the state as we know it. The state is a non-abolishable institution that (particularly in the 20th century) has achieved contrary results: on the one hand, it has been the breeding pit of conflicts, destruction, & large-scale repression; while on the other, it has contributed immensely to the development of society. Leftist parties cannot negate the state but can develop some new mechanisms of controlling it. The author is of the opinion that the new developments will be threefold: deconcentration of the state apparatus; the professionalization & reduction of armies & the ensuing changes; & the integration of the state in supranational organizations. 4 References. Adapted from the source document.

Within the project "Effects of the Reform Changes on the Preschool Education Context in Montenegro", the observations of education process were conducted in preschools, in three regions, on the total sample of 99 units (educational groups). This paper highlights the positive effects that are a result of the reform process in the Montenegrin preschool education, but it also identifies problems/challenges in realizing the programme objectives and activities. In order to objectively assess practical activities in different age groups, the Scale for observing the education process in preschool institutions was used, with a focus on the identification of indicators of more complex categories (interaction, diversity and democratic values, teaching strategies, learning environment, planning). With the intention of collecting relevant information about the current state of the kindergarten in the domain of educational work, a series of interviews were conducted, and then the teachers' opinions and suggestions regarding the possible ways of improving teaching methodology practices in preschool institutions in Montenegro were marked. The study shows that the largest number of indicators is on the level of quality practices (on the scale 1=inadequate to 4= a step forward), so the measures towards the improvement of practice are suggested. It is necessary to adjust the number of children in educational groups with pedagogical standards, provide continuous training of professional staff, and improve educators' teamwork in order to ensure much better life quality in preschool institutions. ; U okviru realizacije projekta »Efekti reformskih promjena predškolskog odgojnog konteksta u Crnoj Gori« provedena je i opservacija odgojno-obrazovnog procesa u predškolskim ustanovama, u trima regijama, na ukupnom uzorku od 99 odgojnih skupina. U radu su prikazani pozitivni učinci koji su rezultat reformskog procesa u predškolstvu u Crnoj Gori, ali i identificirani problemi/izazovi u procesu realizacije programskih ciljeva i aktivnosti. U cilju što objektivnijeg sagledavanja praktičnih aktivnosti u skupinama različite dobi, koristila se Skala za promatranje odgojnog procesa u vrtiću, s pomoću koje smo precizirali indikatore za fokusirane kompleksne kategorije (interakcije, različitosti i demokratske vrijednosti, strategije poučavanja, okruženja za učenje, planiranje). S ciljem prikupljanja što više relevantnih informacija o postojećem stanju u vrtiću, na osnovi primijenjenog intervjua, zabilježena su i mišljenja i prijedlozi odgojitelja o mogućim putovima unapređivanja metodičke prakse u predškolskim ustanovama u Crnoj Gori. Rezultati promatranja i intervjuiranja odgojitelja pokazuju kako je većina procijenjenih indikatora na razini kvalitetne prakse (od 1 = neadekvatno do 4 = korak dalje), a predložene su mjere koje bi doprinijele unapređenju kvalitete rada u vrtiću. Potrebno je: uskladiti brojnost djece u odgojnim skupinama s pedagoškim standardima, osigurati kontinuiranu obuku stručnog kadra, unaprijediti timsko djelovanje odgajatelja s ciljem sveobuhvatnog unapređivanja kvalitete života u predškolskoj ustanovi.

Zbog svog geografskog položaja na kontaktu Panonskog bazena, Dinarida i Alpa Republika Hrvatska obiluje georaznolikošću i geobaštinom. Zakonom o zaštiti prirode zaštićena su ukupno 52 geolokaliteta. Važnost i vrijednost hrvatske geobaštine prepoznata je i u svjetskim razmjerima uvrštenjem Papuka i Viškog arhipelaga u mrežu svjetskih geoparkova UNESCO-a. U ovom je radu, po prvi put na jednom mjestu, prikazan cjelokupan povijesni pregled nacionalnog zakonodavnog okvira vezanog za georaznolikost i geobaštinu, pregled zaštićene geobaštine i nadležnih institucija u sustavu zaštite prirode, te izazovi i problemi na koje se nailazi pri vrednovanju, zaštiti i upravljanju. ; The Republic of Croatia is rich in geodiversity and geoheritage due to its geographical position at the contact of the Pannonian Basin, the Dinarides and the Alps. In total 52 geosites are protected by the Nature Protection Law. The importance and value of Croatian geoheritage has been recognized on a global scale by designating Papuk and Vis archipelago as UNESCO Global Geoparks. For the first time this paper presents a complete historical overview of the national legislative framework related to geodiversity and geoheritage. It as well, presents an overview of protected geoheritage and relevant institutions in the nature protection sector, challenges and problems encountered in the assessment process, protection and management of geoheritage.

The author starts the article with a discussion of the ideas of deliberation & deliberative democracy in general & then presents some impressions & findings of the ongoing comparative research project on global justice movements. The research tries to answer two main questions: "How do (attempts to) deliberation, participation & decision-making look like in different kinds of groups, different countries (and probably at different levels -- from the local to the international)?" & "What factors influence & restrict deliberate/participatory practices?". The presented empirical investigation is mainly based on a semi-structured & full-structured participant observation, complemented by informal interviews in the local & regional groups in six countries & a number of transnational meetings of networks & political campaigns for global justice. The author concludes that global justice groups, though generally putting much emphasis reducing what they perceive as illegitimate forms of power within their own ranks & to deliberate as much as possible, do exhibit quite a number of aberrations from this ideal. Still, the author points out that deliberation, at least at the level of small-scale groups, is not just a dream but actually occurs, & that the majority of these groups are more successful in reducing in their internal communication "hard" power & enabling deliberation than most trade unions, political parties, & big NGOs. Adapted from the source document.

The aim of this article is to describe the distribution of social conservatism in the Serbian population & the association of its latent dimensions with sociodemographic characteristics & party preferences. The research was carried out using the sample of 1,172 full aged participants from the territory of Republic of Serbia (without Kosovo & Metohia). Internal reliability of the measure of social conservatism (Cronbach alfa=0.89) allows for the standardization of the scale. About one third of the examinees express a high degree of social conservatism. A factor analysis yields five latent dimensions explaining 67.59% of the variance. The factors were labeled authoritarianism, anti-European sentiment, collectivism, traditionalism, & patriarchal syndrome. Statistically significant but low correlations were found among age & education & dimensions of conservatism. Results of canonical discriminative analysis prove a significant influence of social conservatism & could interpret about 41% of the total variance of party preferences. Discriminative functions derived on the basis of party preferences show the existence of the three latent political options among the Serbian voters. The first option is labeled the radical-conservative, characterized by anti-European sentiment & authoritarian tendencies. The second is labeled the democratic-liberal that makes the opposite pole of the first option. The third is labeled the traditionalistic option accompanied by pro-European orientation. Tables, Figures, References. Adapted from the source document.