Suchergebnisse

Originariamente uma aula magna proferida num concurso para professor titular, o artigo reúne instrumentos para uma reflexão sobre a relação entre escola e cultura, tendo em vista a coincidência que se costuma estabelecer entre a instituição escolar e a cultura. Essa coincidência, à priori impossível, realiza-se na prática, ainda que seja contestada, pois como a história registra, ela é feita com o uso de recursos de grande brutalidade. Primeiramente discute-se como a cultura (definida como o conjunto de atividades que fornece descrições do mundo por meio da "livre expressão") é vivida na prática da instituição escolar. Em seguida, são mostradas as fórmulas políticas que escondem a relação de força por trás da obra da institucionalização da escola, a qual, fundando-se na premissa de que só ela é eficiente para educar os indivíduos, vem se apresentando como solução duradoura para o dilema. Procura-se demonstrar que o dilema da coincidência entre escola e cultura existe porque fórmulas sedutoras conseguem esconder o segredo de uma lógica que repousa nas relações de força existentes na obra de construção do Estado Nacional da qual nós, assim como a escola, somos produto. Nesse contexto, a análise da relação escola versus cultura é feita em analogia com a que vincula Estado versus nação. ; Originally a lecture given as part of the examination for a Professorship in School and Culture, this article brings together elements for a reflection about the relationship between School and Culture in view of the identification customarily established between the school institution and the culture. Such identification, a priori impossible, is actualized in practice, despite contestation, because, as history registers, it is impinged with great brutality. Initially, the text discusses how Culture (defined as the set of activities that give descriptions of the world through "free expression") is experienced in the practice of the school institution. Next, the article describes the political formulae that conceal the force relationship behind the process of institutionalization of School. The latter, based on the premise that it is the only efficient means to educate individuals, has been presenting itself as the enduring solution to the dilemma. It is argued that the dilemma of the identification of School and Culture exists because alluring formulae manage to hide the secret of a logic that rests upon the force relationships existing in the work of construction of a National State of which we, just as the school, are products. In this context, the analysis of the School versus Culture relationship is made in analogy to that of the State versus Nation linkage.

Os estudos sobre a história da educação escolarizada, pública ou particular e sobre suas práticas pedagógicas têm avançado muito nos últimos anos, em parte graças às imbricações teórico-metodológicas de pesquisas que transitam tanto no campo da história da educação quanto no campo que se convencionou chamar cultura escolar. Esses estudos têm contribuído, entre outros, desde a década de 1990, para dessacralizar antigos mitos historiográficos, entre os quais os que buscaram interpretar as políticas e a legislação estatais, seus embates, seus pressupostos e suas realizações, muitas vezes como não realizações e/ou como realizações de cópias de políticas educacionais gestadas em contextos alhures.

Este artigo expõe uma "conversa" sobre história do currículo de como a autora tem transitado de dois dos muitos lugares possíveis que estudam a cultura material da escola nas pesquisas em que está envolvida, tentando captar a história do currículo em suas expressões materiais mais comuns na história da escola: os livros e os cadernos escolares; e analisando, na história de "instituições escolares exemplares", os edifícios escolares como a expressão mais visível de um projeto de currículo. Inicialmente são pontuadas algumas questões sobre a polissemia das palavras currículo e cultura e sobre como os referenciais teóricos que assumo conduziram a investigações sobre escola e cultura escolar para estudar a história do currículo, enfrentando as particularidades escolares sem perder de vista a totalidade histórica. Analisando os resultados de uma investigação sobre os edifícios de "escolas exemplares" e outra sobre cadernos escolares de normalistas, conclui-se que tanto a análise dos edifícios de instituições escolares exemplares quanto o mergulho nos detalhes de cadernos escolares permitem captar a história do currículo em suas expressões materiais, identificando as marcas dessa história na "exemplaridade" expressa na monumentalidade dos edifícios, na seletividade dos processos de admissão dos alunos; no grau de exigência; na "excelência" dos professores; no respeito que cercava a relação dos alunos com seus professores; e no processo de negociação que se percebe nas anotações dos cadernos.

The present research examines social inequalities in French and Chilean education systems. Diverging from the abundant literature on this subject in the sociology of education and other disciplines, the goal of this research was to neither explain the inequalities nor compare their extent. Instead, we took a comprehensive approach based on the sociology of experience, to study the relation between the forms of inequality production in each education system and students' experience of it. This issue was investigated through a qualitative comparison of the two education systems, in which we examined on the one hand, the legislation, the empirical studies and the statistics of each national model and on the other hand, a field study with teachers and students. The latter consisted of 119 semi-directive interviews (79 students and 40 teachers) in four high schools in each country. The two systems approximate two ideal-types of inequality production: the social-economic mode in Chile and the educational-cultural mode in France. These modes of production shape both the content and the distribution of the schooling experience. In Chile, the students' experience reflects social-economic inequalities translated into feelings of macro-injustice; in France, experiences are formed by inequalities in the schooling process with a preeminence of feelings of micro-injustice. Finally, national schooling cultures act upon the relationship between the forms of inequality production and the experiences: In Chile, it attenuates the criticism of injustice toward school, while in France it is exacerbated. ; Cette recherche porte sur les inégalités sociales dans les systèmes éducatifs français et chilien. À la différence de l'abondante littérature sur ce sujet dans la sociologie de l'éducation et dans d'autres disciplines, ce travail ne vise ni à expliquer les inégalités ni à comparer leur ampleur. À partir d'une approche compréhensive basée sur la sociologie de l'expérience, nous étudions le lien entre les modes de production des ...

Cette contribution propose d'interroger les rapports des institutions éducatives aux technologies digitales à partir d'une mise en perspective des politiques publiques et des innovations technologiques qui en ont jalonné l'histoire. Un perspective qui met en lumière la nécessité d'intégrer au coeur des prérogatives de l'Ecole la formation à de nouveaux modes d'écriture et de lecture ; de nouvelles modalités d'acquisition et de production des savoirs. C'est en esquissant les contours d'une nouvelle figure d'apprenant, celle du « Lettré digital », que nous voudrions réinterroger non pas tant la place du digital à l'école que celle d'un apprenant immergé dans un environnement et une culture de plus en plus façonnés par le digital. ; ^pThis article explores the relationship between educational establishments and digital technologies from the perspective of public policies and the technological innovations that have influenced them throughout their history. Our approach shows why learning new modes of reading and writing and new ways of acquiring and producing knowledge has to be a central prerogative of the education system. By sketching out a profile of the "digitally literate" learner, this article offers an appraisal not of the role of digital content in schools but of how learning takes place in an environment and a culture that are increasingly shaped by digitisation.

International audience ; This article explores the relationship between educational establishments and digital technologies from the perspective of public policies and the technological innovations that have influenced them throughout their history. Our approach shows why learning new modes of reading and writing and new ways of acquiring and producing knowledge has to be a central prerogative of the education system. By sketching out a profile of the "digitally literate" learner, this article offers an appraisal not of the role of digital content in schools but of how learning takes place in an environment and a culture that are increasingly shaped by digitisation. ; Cette contribution propose d'interroger les rapports des institutions éducatives aux technologies digitales à partir d'une mise en perspective des politiques publiques et des innovations technologiques qui en ont jalonné l'histoire. Un perspective qui met en lumière la nécessité d'intégrer au cœur des prérogatives de l'Ecole la formation à de nouveaux modes d'écriture et de lecture ; de nouvelles modalités d'acquisition et de production des savoirs. C'est en esquissant les contours d'une nouvelle figure d'apprenant, celle du « Lettré digital », que nous voudrions réinterroger non pas tant la place du digital à l'école que celle d'un apprenant immergé dans un environnement et une culture de plus en plus façonnés par le digital.

International audience ; This article explores the relationship between educational establishments and digital technologies from the perspective of public policies and the technological innovations that have influenced them throughout their history. Our approach shows why learning new modes of reading and writing and new ways of acquiring and producing knowledge has to be a central prerogative of the education system. By sketching out a profile of the "digitally literate" learner, this article offers an appraisal not of the role of digital content in schools but of how learning takes place in an environment and a culture that are increasingly shaped by digitisation. ; Cette contribution propose d'interroger les rapports des institutions éducatives aux technologies digitales à partir d'une mise en perspective des politiques publiques et des innovations technologiques qui en ont jalonné l'histoire. Un perspective qui met en lumière la nécessité d'intégrer au cœur des prérogatives de l'Ecole la formation à de nouveaux modes d'écriture et de lecture ; de nouvelles modalités d'acquisition et de production des savoirs. C'est en esquissant les contours d'une nouvelle figure d'apprenant, celle du « Lettré digital », que nous voudrions réinterroger non pas tant la place du digital à l'école que celle d'un apprenant immergé dans un environnement et une culture de plus en plus façonnés par le digital.

Comment les élèves vivent-ils les possibilités actuelles de participation démocratique dans l'enseignement? La communauté scolaire est-elle prête à porter le processus de développement? Quelles résistances faut-il prendre en compte et où se trouvent les potentiels et les idées inexploités pour innover dans l'école et dans l'enseignement? ; Wie erleben Schüler*innen die vorhandenen demokratischen Mitgestaltungsmöglichkeiten im Unterricht? Welche Bereitschaft, den Entwicklungsprozess mitzutragen, gibt es in der Schulgemeinschaft? Welche Widerstände gilt es zu beachten und wo liegen bisher ungenutzte Potentiale und Ideen für die Innovation von Schule und Unterricht?

The research problematized the existing culture in the work of pedagogical coordinators who work in public schools. The objectives are to point out notions about the cultural dynamics associating it with the professional culture of the pedagogues; to know the characteristics of the work developed by the pedagogues and also contribute to the processes of professional reflection of pedagogues who act in the school management / coordination. It is developed from the perspective qualitative approach of the interpretative type. It shows that schools share values linked to bureaucracy, even if it presents itself in a frank dysfunction, and it means resistance or attempt to overcome it in the face of an organization lacking a new rationality. As for the pedagogical coordination of these organizations, we infer that the work that is most evident is coordinating the inconsistencies of the existing bureaucracy, although the political-democratic coordination of collective human effort has not been fully revealed through continuous, reflexive and collaborative in school. ; La pesquisa problematizó la cultura existente en el trabajo de coordinadores pedagógicos que actúan en escuelas públicas. Tuvo como objetivos apuntar nociones acerca de la dinámica cultural la asociando a la cultura profesional de los pedagogos; conocer las características del trabajo desarrollado por los pedagogos en el interior de las escuelas públicas y, también, contribuir para los procesos de reflexión profesional de pedagogos que actúan en la gestión/coordinación escolar. Se desarrolla en la perspectiva cualitativo del tipo interpretativo. Reveló que las escuelas comparten valores relacionados a la burocracia, aunque esta se presente en franca disfunción, pudiendo significar resistencia o tentativa de superación frente a una organización carente de una nova racionalidad. Cuanto a la coordinación pedagógica de estas organizaciones, inferimos que el trabajo que más se evidencia es el de la coordinación de las inconsistencias de la burocracia existente, aun no teniendo se revelado de forma plena la coordinación político-democrática del esfuerzo humano colectivo por medio de la formación continua, reflexiva y colaborativa en la escuela. ; A pesquisa problematizou a cultura existente no trabalho de coordenadores pedagógicos que atuam em escolas públicas. Teve como objetivos apontar noções sobre a dinâmica cultural associando-a à cultura profissional dos coordenadores; conhecer as características do trabalho por eles desenvolvido no interior das escolas públicas; e ainda contribuir para os processos de reflexão profissional de coordenadores pedagógicos que atuam na gestão/coordenação escolar. Desenvolveu-se na perspectiva qualitativa de tipo interpretativo. Revelou que as escolas partilham de valores ligados à burocracia, embora esta se apresente em franca disfunção, podendo significar resistência ou tentativa de superação frente a uma organização carente de uma nova racionalidade. Quanto à coordenação pedagógica de tais organizações, inferimos que o trabalho que mais se evidencia é o da coordenação das inconsistências da burocracia existente, ainda não tendo se revelado de forma plena a coordenação político-democrática do esforço humano coletivo por meio da formação continuada, reflexiva e colaborativa na escola.

Rédigée entre 1993 et 1996. ; This thesis studies the growing importance of economic culture, in education and the economic professions, especially in the academic world. It also analyses the ascension of economists in the political field. ; La thèse étudie la montée en puissance de la culture économique, à travers le système éducatif, les professions d'économiste, notamment dans le monde universitaire. Elle s'intéresse également à l'ascension des économistes dans le champ politique.

Rédigée entre 1993 et 1996. ; This thesis studies the growing importance of economic culture, in education and the economic professions, especially in the academic world. It also analyses the ascension of economists in the political field. ; La thèse étudie la montée en puissance de la culture économique, à travers le système éducatif, les professions d'économiste, notamment dans le monde universitaire. Elle s'intéresse également à l'ascension des économistes dans le champ politique.

This thesis aims to understand how the "digital" interrogates both the processes of legitimization and delegitimization of informationnal practices and how these processes are embedded in objects, places and devices. This work takes place within the school institution which transmits implicitly or explicitly, common standards for "good practices" of production, circulation and reception of texts, documents and knowledge. This is an ethno-semiotic study within the class and the library school's spaces in two medium schools to observe and analyze the ways to search, read, operate, circulate and produce documents. The digital unveils the need to understand the practices and skills to qualify the information beyond canonical methods forged by mediators (citing sources, respect copyright, do not copy and paste etc.), and beyond signs of value inherited from the model of the bibliography and their fetishization in reference (publisher, author, cataloging record etc.). This thesis is based on an anthropological approach of information literacy and of digital as a social phenomenon that redefines geographies and temporalities of texts, knowledge and their documents. This approach allows to renew questions about the concept of document value. This research demonstrates the entrenchment of practices, objects and values at work in the communicational processes of knowledge sharing. Understanding today resistances of pupils to follow the rules of a « good research » requires a political theory of the economy of the document to the digital age and an anthropological approach of the common practices of texts and documents, one is feeding the other. ; Cette thèse a pour but de comprendre comment le « numérique » interroge à la fois les processus de légitimation et de délégitimation des pratiques info-documentaires et la manière dont ces processus s'inscrivent dans des objets, des lieux et des dispositifs. Ce travail prend place au sein de l'institution scolaire qui, implicitement ou explicitement, transmet et constitue des ...

This thesis aims to understand how the "digital" interrogates both the processes of legitimization and delegitimization of informationnal practices and how these processes are embedded in objects, places and devices. This work takes place within the school institution which transmits implicitly or explicitly, common standards for "good practices" of production, circulation and reception of texts, documents and knowledge. This is an ethno-semiotic study within the class and the library school's spaces in two medium schools to observe and analyze the ways to search, read, operate, circulate and produce documents. The digital unveils the need to understand the practices and skills to qualify the information beyond canonical methods forged by mediators (citing sources, respect copyright, do not copy and paste etc.), and beyond signs of value inherited from the model of the bibliography and their fetishization in reference (publisher, author, cataloging record etc.). This thesis is based on an anthropological approach of information literacy and of digital as a social phenomenon that redefines geographies and temporalities of texts, knowledge and their documents. This approach allows to renew questions about the concept of document value. This research demonstrates the entrenchment of practices, objects and values at work in the communicational processes of knowledge sharing. Understanding today resistances of pupils to follow the rules of a « good research » requires a political theory of the economy of the document to the digital age and an anthropological approach of the common practices of texts and documents, one is feeding the other. ; Cette thèse a pour but de comprendre comment le « numérique » interroge à la fois les processus de légitimation et de délégitimation des pratiques info-documentaires et la manière dont ces processus s'inscrivent dans des objets, des lieux et des dispositifs. Ce travail prend place au sein de l'institution scolaire qui, implicitement ou explicitement, transmet et constitue des ...

Este artigo apresenta a Escola Plural, implantada na rede municipal de ensino de Belo Horizonte, no período 1993/1996. A proposta foi considerada inovadora por muitos, polêmica por outros, por ter procurado romper com a cultura tradicional da escola pública, implementando uma concepção de educação mais ampla, democrática, inclusiva, plural, que leve em conta múltiplas dimensões da formação da pessoa humana e na qual as crianças das classes populares tivessem condições de ser bem-sucedidas. Buscava-se responder aos desafios presentes nas políticas públicas para expandir o Ensino Fundamental e, especialmente, melhorar a qualidade da escola pública. O texto apresenta a proposta, algumas polêmicas e resultados de avaliação de seus efeitos. ; This paper presents the Plural School, implemented in Belo Horizonte's local educational system from 1993 to 1996. This educational proposal has been considered innovative by many people and polemical by others since it attempted to break the traditional culture of public schooling, inserting a broader, democratic, inclusive and plural concept of education. It also attempted to take the multiple dimensions of an individual's edification into account and to supply adequate conditions for children from lower socia classes to succeed. Moreover, it aimed at meeting the demands of public policies in order to expand elementary and middle level education and, above all, improve the quality of public schools. The article presents the proposal, some polemics involving it and its assessment results.