Suchergebnisse

The objective of this article is to show how issues concerning women in science and the problem of gendered science, often treated separately, are interconnected. To examine how research on women in science and research on gender and science relate to each other, some feminist epistemological perspectives, mainly feminist contextual empiricism, are used in order to show how the feminist philosophical conceptual framework may be useful for understanding the problems currently faced by women in science. After reflecting and elaborating on the very thesis of gendered science, the author analyses in more detail the concept of epistemic communities and the concept of trust as an epistemic factor. Through these concepts the author argues that philosophical/epistemological considerations are fruitful for studying the experience of individual women in science. Both of these interrelated concepts are considered highly relevant in the search for an epistemological framework facilitating the thematic study of women in science on a theoretical level and research on the current situation of women in the academic world in Slovakia.

Avalíase o impacto en Galicia da implementación do Programa Operativo para e polo beneficio da I+D+i empresarial-Fondo Tecnolóxico 2007-2013, que constituíu un instrumento singular das políticas de innovación financiado polos Fondos Estruturais da Unión Europea e dirixido ás comunidades autónomas españolas do Obxectivo Converxencia da Unión Europea. A través da análise proposta trátase de identificar o impacto deste Programa plurianual –que mobilizou un importante volume de recursos e cuxa execución se estende ata 2015– na evolución do Sistema Galego de Innovación. Con ese fin analízanse os diferentes tipos de medidas e actuacións financiadas e o seu impacto nos principais indicadores de innovación (creación de capacidades, gasto en investigación e desenvolvemento, solicitude de patentes, persoal en investigación e desenvolvemento, infraestruturas, redes de colaboración, etc.), contrastando os obxectivos perseguidos e os resultados observados. Tamén se analizan aspectos institucionais e organizacionais que inciden no deseño, implementación e xestión das medidas e a súa posible incidencia nos seus efectos (fugas de recursos, dificultades de vertebración, concentración das actividades innovadoras nun número limitado de axentes, etc.). As conclusións extraídas permiten formular recomendacións para o deseño e implementación no territorio doutras políticas de investigación, desenvolvemento e innovación. Palabras ; The aim of this study is to evaluate the implementation and the impact in Galicia of the Operational Programme for the benefit of business, Research, Development & Innovation-Technology Fund 2007-2013, which was a unique instrument of innovation policies financed by the European Union Structural Funds and addressed to the Spanish Autonomous Regions of the European Union Convergence Objective. Through the proposed analysis, we identify the impact of this Multiannual Programme –which mobilised a significant volume of resources and whose execution extends until 2015– on the evolution of the Galician Innovation System. To this end, the different types of measures and actions financed and their impact on the main innovation indicators (capacity building, Research & Development expenditure, patent applications, Research & Development personnel, infrastructures, collaboration networks, etc.) are analysed, contrasting the objectives pursued and the results observed. Institutional and organisational aspects that affect the design, implementation and management of measures and their possible impact on their effects (leakage of resources, vertebration difficulties, concentration of innovative activities in a limited number of agents, etc.) are also analysed. The conclusions make it possible to formulate recommendations for the design and implementation in the territory of other Research & Development & Innovation policies. ; Se evalúa el impacto en Galicia de la implementación del Programa Operativo para y por el beneficio de la I+D+i empresarial- -Fondo Tecnológico 2007-2013, que ha constituido un instrumento singular de las políticas de innovación financiado por los Fondos Estructurales de la Unión Europea y dirigido a las comunidades autónomas españolas del Objetivo Convergencia de la Unión Europea. A través del análisis propuesto se trata de identificar el impacto de este Programa plurianual –que ha movilizado un importante volumen de recursos y cuya ejecución se extiende hasta 2015– en la evolución del Sistema Gallego de Innovación. Con ese fin se analizan los diferentes tipos de medidas y actuaciones financiadas y su impacto en los principales indicadores de innovación (creación de capacidades, gasto en investigación y desarrollo, solicitud de patentes, personal en investigación y desarrollo, infraestructuras, redes de colaboración, etc.), contrastando los objetivos perseguidos y los resultados observados. También se analizan aspectos institucionales y organizacionales que inciden en el diseño, implementación y gestión de las medidas y su posible incidencia en sus efectos (fugas de recursos, dificultades de vertebración, concentración de las actividades innovadoras en un número limitado de agentes, etc.). Las conclusiones extraídas permiten formular recomendaciones para el diseño e implementación en el territorio de otras políticas de investigación, desarrollo e innovación.

Numerous studies have confi rmed that caring for small children is still the domain of women in Slovakia. Maternity as such is considered the natural and expected role of women and is part of the construction of femininity in Slovak society. At the same time, it is expected and routine that Slovak women participate in the labour market, and the prevailing form of employment is full-time work. This complicates efforts to harmonise work with the need to care for a small child. It is not just the country's legislative and institutional framework that shape notions about caring for small children; they are also influenced by the views and attitudes of society towards this issue. The image of a good mother is constructed, and women then try to approximate it when performing their maternal role. The prevailing ideal is of a mother who devotes herself full-time to caring for a child for the first three years of the child's life. The author of this article focuses on the context surrounding the construction of the image of a good mother as one who cares for her child until the age of three, and examines how the image of the good mother is reflected in the opinions of women on returning to work and on work/life balance. The data in this analysis are drawn from public opinion polls about early childcare and the reality of caring for small children in Slovakia and from in-depth interviews with mothers of small children. The mothers are aware of the views of society, refl ect on them, and many try to fulfil them so that they are perceived as 'good' and not 'inadequate' mothers.