Suchergebnisse

В статье представлен анализ теоретического наследия основных научных трудов по миграции населения зарубежных ученых: Е. Г. Равенштайна, Э. Ли, Дж. Харисса и М. Тодаро, У. Томаса и Ф. Знанецкого («Польский крестьянин в Европе и Америке»), Р. Парка, Э. Берджесса, Р. Маккензи («Город: предложения по изучению человеческого поведения в городской сфере»), Дж. К. Гэлбрейта; и отечественных: Ж. А. Зайончковской («Новоселы в городах»), Т. И. Заславской («Миграция сельского населения: цели, задачи и методы регулирования»), В. И. Переведенцева («Методы изучения миграции населения»), Л. Л. Рыбаковского («Региональный анализ миграций»), Б. С. Хорева («Проблемы изучения миграции населения») и др. Рассмотрены этапы изучения миграции населения, в рамках которых раскрыта специфика миграционных процессов в обществе XХ– начала XXI в., установлены особенности современного этапа. Проанализирована деятельность отечественных научных центров по изучению данной проблематики: 1) коллектива социологов под руководством Т. И. Заславской; 2) Центра по изучению проблем народонаселения МГУ им. М. В. Ломоносова; 3) Центра по изучению миграции Института социологических исследований АН СССР; 4) Лаборатории анализа и прогнозирования миграции Института народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН; 5) Научного коллектива Института международных экономических и политических . ; The article presents the analysis of theoretical heritage of the main scientific works on population shift by foreign scientists: Е. Ravenstein, Е. Lee, J. Harris, М. Todaro, W. Thomas and F. Znaniecki (The Polish Peasant in Europe and America), R. Park, E. Berdzhess, R. McKenzie (The City: Suggestions for the Study of Human Nature in the Urban Environment), J. K. Galbrait; and national scientists: Zh. A. Zayonchkovskaya (New Settlers in Cities), T. I. Zaslavskaya (Migration of Rural People: Purposes, Tasks and Methods of Regulation), V. I. Perevedentsev (Migration Studying Methods), L. L. Rybakovsky (Regional Analysis of Migration), B. S. Khorev (Migration Studying Problems) etc. The authors consider the main stages of population shift studying within which the specifics of migratory processes in the society of the ХХ – early ХХI centuries are revealed and the features of the present stage are outlined. The activities of national scientific centers studying this problem are analyzed: 1) The team of sociologists headed by T. I. Zaslavskaya; 2) The Center for Population Studies of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; 3) The Center for Migration Studies of the Institute of Sociological Researches of the USSR Academy of Sciences; 4) The Laboratory of Migration Analysis and Forecast of the Institute of Economic Forecast of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 5) Scientific personnel of the Institute of International Economic and Political Research.

The objective of the article is the systematic description of emergence and development at economic faculty of MSU G. H. Popov's Scientific School of Management. The subject of the article is the dynamics of development of this Scientific School. The methodological basis of the research are author's personal observations as a participant of the proses of creation of scientific school and analysis of scientific and teaching materials published in 60th–70th of previous century. In the article is show that Scientific School of management of social production was established at economic faculty of Moscow State University in the 70-th of the previous century. During 20 years Scientific School was headed by its founder G. H. Popov. The theoretical statements presented by him in his book «Problems of theory of management» played the role of methodological basis of Popov's Scientific School. The organizational form of Scientific School there was a Center for the problems of management at Economic faculty of MSU.

We investigate the consequences of a peaceful shift of power from one social group to another. Theoretically, we show that an individual's decision to stay put or migrate depends on the difference between the political preferences of groups and the change in tax. Empirically, we use the case of the unexpected creation of the Canton of Jura in Switzerland, which witnessed a power shift from German to French speakers in the 1970s. We find robust evidence supporting the model's predictions using data at the municipal and individual levels. Our research sheds light on population sorting in the shadow of power transitions.

We investigate the consequences of a peaceful shift of power from one social group to another. Theoretically, we show that an individual's decision to stay put or migrate depends on the difference between the political preferences of groups and the change in tax. Empirically, we use the case of the unexpected creation of the Canton of Jura in Switzerland, which witnessed a power shift from German to French speakers in the 1970s. We find robust evidence supporting the model's predictions using data at the municipal and individual levels. Our research sheds light on population sorting in the shadow of power transitions.

Population wellbeing, an aggregate measure of positive mental, physical, and emotional health, has previously been used as a marker of community thriving. We examined whether several community measures of wellbeing, and their change since 2012, could be used to understand electoral changes that led to the outcome of the 2016 United States presidential election. We found that areas of the US which had the largest shifts away from the incumbent party had both lower wellbeing and greater drops in wellbeing when compared with areas that did not shift. In comparison, changes in income were not related to voting shifts. Well-being may be more useful in predicting and understanding electoral outcomes than some more conventional voting determinants.

The structure of a population is of special interest to the educational planner who must be able to assess the relative size of school-age population. Analysis of trends in the school-going population is also necessary in planning for school facilities expansion. Because the government of Ghana is communed to improving conditions in the basic education sector this study is set forth to establish some demographic characteristics in education pertaining to the issues of access, gender bias, level transition and teacher supply. The findings of the study can be used as a reliable substructure on which to base yearly evaluation of progress made.