Suchergebnisse

Despite the controversy surrounding physical restraint and seclusion in the care of vulnerable adults, the views of service users have had little impact on current practice. This paper reviews the literature documenting the personal views and experience of people with learning disabilities and severe mental health problems following these procedures.

Summary: The study of the feminine in ancient Iran is an area which deserves much greater attention than it has thus far received. By utilizing a number of primary sources, textual and otherwise, a few observations are offered here which concern the rites of women through the centuries. These evolving rites, which are described by the doctors of the then-dominant religion of Zarathustra, deal with the preservation of purity through seclusion of women in a world which is under constant attack from the demonic, polluting forces. Throughout the essay, the different means of fighting this battle are explored and suggestions for further research in the field are made.

The article delves into the enduring ramifications of historical and contemporary processes of racialization, the delineation of societal divisions, the forsaking of marginalized communities, and the coerced isolation or seclusion of specific populations. Within the realm of necropolitical afterlives, these terms indicate the manners in which these persistent predicaments have molded and persist in molding the realms of life and death for diverse groups. Analysis encompassing necro-lives holds significance in comprehending the sway of necropolitics, unearthing systemic injustices, and amplifying the voices silenced. The bodies of necro-lives amalgamate in communal endeavors for justice, parity, and human rights. Necro-lives call for mobilization and advocacy to deconstruct necropolitical frameworks and forge more just and impartial societies. Necropolitics, entailing dominion over life and death by influential necro-entities, can be contextualized through these themes, spotlighting how certain populations endure violence, disregard, or isolation beyond their corporeal existence, thereby perpetuating cycles of injustice and suffering.

Introduction: Between 2006 and 2012 the Dutch government funded a nationwide program for reducing the use of seclusion. Although an initial first trend study showed that the reported number of seclusions declined during the program, the objective of a 10% annual decrease was not met. We wished to establish whether the decline had continued after funding ended in 2012. Method: Using quasi Poisson time series modeling, we retrospectively analyzed the nationally reported numbers of seclusion and involuntary medication between 1998 and 2019, i.e., before, during and after the end of the nationwide program, with and without correction for the number of involuntary admissions. Results: With and without correction for the number of involuntary admissions, there were more seclusions in the seven years after the nationwide program than during the nationwide program. Although the reported number of involuntary medications also increased, the rate of increase was slower after the end of the nationwide program than before. Conclusions: Rather than continuing to decrease after the end of the nationwide program, the number of seclusions rose. This may mean that interventions intended to reduce the use of seclusion within this program are not properly sustained in daily clinical care without an ongoing national program.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether an example of Seclusion Room Contactless Monitoring Technology (VitalGuardTM) is able to accurately detect the presence of life in a ward seclusion room ensuring patient wellbeing, without interference from background "living noise" (e.g. voices) or "electronic noise" (e.g. other systems).


Design/methodology/approach
The authors assessed the system's ability to monitor movement caused by human respiration through its ability to discriminate false positives (i.e. presence of an inanimate object ± movement or noise, in the absence of a person in the seclusion room) and false negatives (i.e. failure to detect a human presence) in a ward setting.


Findings
The system displayed 100 per cent validity in terms of determining false positives (six conditions, each n=5) and the system did not alarm under either of the two false negative conditions tested (each n=5).


Research limitations/implications
These findings demonstrate that this example of technology is able to monitor movement caused by human respiration and can accurately and reliably detect the presence of life in seclusion rooms, in the ward setting, without interference from background noise (living and electronic). This was a small evaluation study and further research on its effectiveness in practice would be beneficial in both the intellectual disability forensic setting and other settings of segregation and isolation.


Originality/value
This study suggests that the use of technology in a seclusion room setting can be used as a reliable tool to enhance patient observations and assist in the delivery of care in a safe and unobtrusive manner.

A lonely but unbroken North Korea stands up against the South Korean-U.S. alliance, playing diplomatic overtures in between crises and skillfully using contradictions between other actors in Northeast Asia. Yet although North Korea has nuclear weapons, the military balance on and around the Korean Peninsula is not developing to Pyongyang's advantage. This puts North Korea's security at risk, especially due to the unpredictability of Seoul's future policy. In terms of Kenneth Waltz's structural realism, North Korea's ability to balance the mounting strategic risks internally by mobilizing its own resources is extremely limited. This leaves the option of external balancing through alliance with strong military powers. The theory of structural realism remains relevant and helps to better understand the ongoing rapprochement between Pyongyang and Moscow.

The paper is dedicated to a previously unrecognized Classic Maya ritual (3rd—10th centuries CE). Several examples have been located in hieroglyphic texts so far and two of them describe the ritual in some detail. Palenque texts tell us that the six-year-old prince and future king K'ihnich Kan B'ahlam II "went up to an enclosed place surrounded by wooden walls". He remained there for 537 days, "descended" in the company of "two youths (boys)" and received the title ɂokteɂ of unclear etymology. La Corona texts tell us that the sons of the Kanuɂl king Yuknoɂm Ch'eeɂn II "were raised by the hands of seven youths (boys)", and 520 days later "came out". The elder son Yuknoɂm Yich'aak K'ahk' was 24 years old when the ritual started; the age of his younger brother is unknown. The comparison of the texts under discussion indicates that young princes were in isolation from adults at least 520 days (two cycles of the 260 day calendar) and that there they obtained their rights to ascend the throne. The youths or boys who accompanied the princes were members of subordinate dynasties, who also received a new status upon completion of the ritual. The analyzed texts are the first epigraphic evidence about initiation rituals of the Ancient Maya.