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AbstractThis paper empirically explores the determinants of outward foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Japanese manufacturing sector. We estimate a gravity model of FDI for 30 host countries covering the period 2005–2017, using Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood to tackle the issue of zero‐value observations. The results indicate that Japanese overseas investments are not only driven by traditional factors, such as market size, the yen real exchange rate, trade openness, differences in perception of corruption, and financial instability, but also by industry characteristics. In particular, we find that low technological industries characterized by growing labour costs are more likely to be relocated abroad. Furthermore, we demonstrate nonlinearities in the determinants of Japanese overseas investments depending on the host country's development, the host country's region, and the category of FDI implemented (vertical vs horizontal).

The paper deals with the research devoted to characteristics of high tech business development in Russia. Companies' performance indicators have been analyzed with the help of regression analysis and author's scheme of leadership stability and sustainability assessment. Data provided by Russia's Fast Growing High-Tech Companies' National Rating (TechUp) during 2012-2016 were used. The results have revealed that the high tech sector is characterized by high level of uncertainty. Limited number of regions and sectors which form the basis for high tech business have been defined. Relationship between innovation activity's indicators and export potential is determined.

Typically, forest policy-analysis focuses on the forest industry; however, this article argues that analysis should take into consideration non-forest economic–political sectors, creating an inter-sectoral analysis of pathways. An analysis of Brazil's recent forest governance changes allows to outline the political dynamics, thrust and ideas that most influence the use of forests in a political economy whose overall developmental and environmental policies are defined primarily by agribusiness. The Brazilian Congress passed a New Forest Code in 2012, greatly relaxing the previous Code from 1965. The law-changing project was an illustration of the tension between the large landholders-lobby, and the new sustainability demands of various sorts of "green economy" proponents. The recent framing of forests by the agribusiness lobby and the Minister of Agriculture are assessed to explain why and how the understanding and pathway of sustainability in relation to forest and other land uses has changed since 2012. Studies on the major impacts of the post-2012 forest laws are also reviewed. A novel approach is taken, uniting an analysis of large-scale agriculture, tree plantation companies, and socio-environmentalists. It is shown how the New Forest Code and other measures that have brought together the agricultural and forestry frontiers, policies and vocabularies in Brazil have made their united analysis necessary. Brazil provides an important case to study how some parts of the "brown economy" and "green capitalism" pathways are supporting each other in practice, and how the forest industry has become a key actor in this alliance, to the detriment of "socio-environmentalism". ; Peer reviewed

This article studies the degree of sectoral diversity across regions in India and examines its determinants. We construct a diversity index to represent sectoral diversity using information on the industry of work of the individuals across 14 industry sectors for 2011–2012 and compare with values for 2004–2005. We examine the relationship of diversity and indicators related to scale economies and skill intensity using ordinary least squares at a cross-sectional level as well as pooled estimates over the two time periods both at the state and the NSS region level. We argue and establish that the Indian regional economy is characterized by a trend towards high levels of sectoral diversity. Contrary to many strands of the literature, we provide empirical evidence that scale economies, as represented by the traditional parameters of size, cannot be used as a proxy for sectoral diversity. Skill intensity, on the other hand, emerges as a significant determinant of sectoral diversity particularly in the case of coastal regions. Regions with high sector diversity are characterized by a move towards higher skill levels, greater share of regular employment and a move away from labour-intensive production, thus clearly highlighting the importance of the labour and technology matching process.JEL Classification: R12, R32

This paper analyzes the effects of wages, openness, and demand on employment in the private manufacturing industry in Turkey based on panel data for the period of 1973–2001. The wage elasticity of employment increases after trade liberalization. Nevertheless, output elasticity of labor demand is higher than wage elasticity in the total manufacturing sector for the whole estimation period, and in the high‐ and medium‐skilled sectors in the post‐1980 period. Trade effects, after controlling for output, seem to have a low economic significance. The positive effects of exports on the labor intensity of production are low or are offset by labor saving effects of foreign trade, particularly in the high‐ and medium‐skilled sectors. On the other hand, there is some evidence of a negative import effect in the low‐skilled sectors, whereas in the high‐ and medium‐skilled group a complementary relation between domestic labor and imported inputs dominates the effects.

Motivation: Regional cohesion constitutes an important aim of European policy. Nevertheless, it is mainly assessed in terms of economic results analyzed at an aggregate level. Sectoral determinants of interregional differences are often neglected. However, as the structural convergence concept suggests, sectoral features may be decisive for minimizing interregional disparities.Aim: The paper searches for connections between two dimensions of economic regional cohesion in the EU: economic results and structural features. It tests a hypothesis about the coexistence of high diversification in GDP per capita and in the sectoral structures of employment. It is also aimed at identification of sectoral features that characterize the best performing economies.Results: The research results confirm a positive correlation between interregional differences in production and in sectoral structures. It indicates knowledge-intensive market services as a sector the most favorable for economic results. Moreover, it also finds that a high concentration of sectoral structures coexists with a high level of regional GDP per capita and economic efficiency.

Motivation: Regional cohesion constitutes an important aim of European policy. Nevertheless, it is mainly assessed in terms of economic results analyzed at an aggregate level. Sectoral determinants of interregional differences are often neglected. However, as the structural convergence concept suggests, sectoral features may be decisive for minimizing interregional disparities.Aim: The paper searches for connections between two dimensions of economic regional cohesion in the EU: economic results and structural features. It tests a hypothesis about the coexistence of high diversification in GDP per capita and in the sectoral structures of employment. It is also aimed at identification of sectoral features that characterize the best performing economies.Results: The research results confirm a positive correlation between interregional differences in production and in sectoral structures. It indicates knowledge-intensive market services as a sector the most favorable for economic results. Moreover, it also finds that a high concentration of sectoral structures coexists with a high level of regional GDP per capita and economic efficiency.