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Have we to insert God in the future European Constitution? The members of the European Convention rejected this possibility, after a very hard controversy driven by the Vatican and Christian "party". A reference to the "religious inheritances" was introduced without mentioning Christianity or any other confessions. Did the European Union throw back the principle of secularism so useful to live together the Europeans?

Discusses survival of a democratic secular state in Turkey despite continuing problems of Kurdish insurgency, increasing involvement of Islamic groups in politics, and influence of the mafia in government and political circles. Summary in English p. 906.

Turkey : Democracy or Death, by Semih Vaner
The Turkish political scene is dominated by three central issues : Kurdish separatism, participation by the political branch of Islam in the democratic process, and "affairs" whose disturbing proportions are being revealed by various scandals. To the background of this picture could be added the very marked regional and social disparities. While authoritarian temptations do exist, it also has to be acknowledged that Turkish democracy ― like secularism ― has made considerable progress .

International audience ; As a new heading of the Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord, this chronicle analyzes 1994 current events of North African immigrant population, in 6 sections: 1. social life ethnicization 2. the citienship and secularism imbroglio 3. Politics of immigration 4. Politics of integration 5. Muslim organizations and Youth Islam 6. Fever about Islamism ; Nouvelle rubrique de l'Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 1994, cette chronique présente l'actualité de l'immigration maghrébine en France en 6 sections: 1. L'ethnicisation de la vie sociale ; 2. Citoyenneté, laïcité : l'imbroglio ; 3. Immigration : Empêcher, contrôler, chasser ; 4. Intégration : une politique en jachère ; 5. Les organisations islamiques de France en 1994 et le dynamisme de l'"islam jeune" ; 6. Islamisme : la fièvre hexagonale.

International audience ; As a new heading of the Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord, this chronicle analyzes 1994 current events of North African immigrant population, in 6 sections: 1. social life ethnicization 2. the citienship and secularism imbroglio 3. Politics of immigration 4. Politics of integration 5. Muslim organizations and Youth Islam 6. Fever about Islamism ; Nouvelle rubrique de l'Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 1994, cette chronique présente l'actualité de l'immigration maghrébine en France en 6 sections: 1. L'ethnicisation de la vie sociale ; 2. Citoyenneté, laïcité : l'imbroglio ; 3. Immigration : Empêcher, contrôler, chasser ; 4. Intégration : une politique en jachère ; 5. Les organisations islamiques de France en 1994 et le dynamisme de l'"islam jeune" ; 6. Islamisme : la fièvre hexagonale.

International audience ; As a new heading of the Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord, this chronicle analyzes 1994 current events of North African immigrant population, in 6 sections: 1. social life ethnicization 2. the citienship and secularism imbroglio 3. Politics of immigration 4. Politics of integration 5. Muslim organizations and Youth Islam 6. Fever about Islamism ; Nouvelle rubrique de l'Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord 1994, cette chronique présente l'actualité de l'immigration maghrébine en France en 6 sections: 1. L'ethnicisation de la vie sociale ; 2. Citoyenneté, laïcité : l'imbroglio ; 3. Immigration : Empêcher, contrôler, chasser ; 4. Intégration : une politique en jachère ; 5. Les organisations islamiques de France en 1994 et le dynamisme de l'"islam jeune" ; 6. Islamisme : la fièvre hexagonale.

Since the time of the 2000 elections in Senegal, debates over family rights have been transformed with the consolidation of a Muslim lobby seeking a reform of the family code that would entail the establishment of a code of personal status. Although the debates are highly polarized, they do not question the cohesion of either the various religious communities or Senegalese society. These deliberations have opened the way to a "liberating re-appropriation" of the concept of secularism (laicité), thus settling the colonial heritage and reauthorize the great founding myths of the Republic. (Polit afr/DÜI)